Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Queensland, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O trabalho Socioterminologia da IndÃstria Madeireira tem como objetivo fundamental a construÃÃo de um dicionÃrio terminolÃgico (ou dicionÃrio especializado) da madeira. Os fundamentos teÃricos e metodolÃgicos da pesquisa e do trabalho terminogrÃfico, para a elaboraÃÃo do dicionÃrio, se embasam na Teoria Comunicativa da Terminologia (CABRÃ, 2002) e, principalmente, na Socioterminologia (GAUDIN, 1993a e 1993b). Para a elaboraÃÃo do dicionÃrio foi usado um corpus com mais de 4 milhÃes de palavras (mais de 11 mil pÃginas), composto por textos escritos da Ãrea da atividade madeireira com vÃrios graus de especializaÃÃo (tais como teses e dissertaÃÃes, artigos cientÃficos, normas tÃcnicas, revistas especializadas, revistas de divulgaÃÃo). Todos os textos, com exceÃÃo dos de carÃter lexicogrÃfico ou leis e normas, foram publicados entre 1970 e 2009. O trabalho final resultou num dicionÃrio apresentado em duas versÃes: uma digital e outra impressa. A versÃo digital (em CD-ROM) apresenta 2.081 entradas, das quais: i) 1.089 sÃo constituÃdas por verbetes da atividade madeireira que abrangem os campos semÃnticos de matÃria-prima, extraÃÃo, processamento, mÃquinas ; equipamentos, instalaÃÃes, produtos, resÃduos e mercado, sendo 685 termos e 404 variantes correspondentes; ii) 886 sÃo constituÃdas por 247 nomes de espÃcies de madeira e 639 variantes; e iii) 106 sÃo siglas acompanhadas das variantes sintÃticas (sem definiÃÃo). A versÃo digital conta ainda com 133 imagens ilustrativas. Na versÃo impressa, por sua vez, as siglas foram organizadas à parte; os nomes das espÃcies de madeira foram organizados num glossÃrio lexical (sem definiÃÃo), no final do dicionÃrio, de modo que o consulente possa, mais facilmente, obter as informaÃÃes desejadas, tanto sobre os termos, quanto sobre os nomes das espÃcies de madeira. Acredita-se que com a necessidade cada vez maior de o Estado fiscalizar e controlar a atividade madeireira, e com o desenvolvimento de pesquisas, das mais diversas disciplinas, sobre esta atividade econÃmica, ou sobre outros setores, mas que de alguma forma se relacionem à atividade da indÃstria madeireira (pois a maioria das questÃes ambientais hoje passa pelas questÃes de manejo florestal), os estudos terminolÃgicos, como o que aqui se apresenta, parece indiscutivelmente de grande importÃncia, nÃo sà para o setor industrial e governamental, como tambÃm para as Ãreas das ciÃncias envolvidas, como a Agronomia, Ecologia, a Biologia, a BotÃnica, a Zoologia, a Engenharia Florestal, a Economia. Assim sendo, pretende-se, com este trabalho, contribuir para a documentaÃÃo e a normalizaÃÃo do lÃxico especializado da Ãrea da atividade madeireira e, dessa forma, criar subsÃdio para uma melhor comunicaÃÃo entre as vÃrias Ãreas envolvidas e entre o setor pÃblico e o privado. / The work entitled âSocioterminology of Wood Industryâ aims essentially at developing a terminological dictionary (or specialized dictionary) on wood. The theoretical and methodological foundations and the terminographic tasks for the elaboration of the dictionary are based on the communicative theory of terminology (Cabrà 2002) and especially on socioterminology (Gaudin, 1993a, 1993b). To build the dictionary, we used a corpus of over 4,000,000 words (over 11,000 pages) composed of written texts about timber activities and having different degrees of specialization (such as theses and monographs, articles , technical norms, journals and magazines) with the exception of lexicographic documents or norms published between 1976 and 2009. The result of this work is a dictionary presented in two versions, printed and electronic. The electronic version (on CD-ROM) contains 2081 lexical entries, including: i) 1089 words (685 entries and 404 variants) from wood activities covering the semantic fields: mining, raw materials, processing, machinery and equipment, facilities, products, industrial waste and market ii) 886 words composed of 247 names of timber species and 639 variants, and iii) 106 initials (abrieviations) accompanied by syntactic variants (without definition). To the electronic version we have added up to 133 illustrations. As for the printed version, the initials were organized separately, the names of timber species have been grouped in a glossary of terms (without dÃfintions) at the end of the dictionary to make it easier for users when looking for information on the terms and names of timber species. We believe that with the increasing need for the state to monitor and control the activity of wood industry and the development of research in various disciplines on economic activity, or other areas still connected to wood industry (given that most environmental problems today are related to forest management), work in terminology, as the one presented here, seem undoubtedly of great importance not only for industry and government sectors, but also for other sciences involved in this field such as agronomy, ecology, biology, botany, zoology, wood engineering and economics. Therefore, we seek in this work to contribute to the documentation and standardization of the lexicon related to the specialized field of wood activity and to create a basis for a better communication between different fields and between public and private sectors.

This very research was conducted through in-depth interview and affiliated with secondary data gathering to discuss the motive, entry mode of wood industry companies¡¦ China investment as well as its successful management experience. Wood industry companies in Taiwan have considerably started overseas investment owing to the market saturation that causes less and less sales. Furthermore, China¡¦s market opening policy and its great local demands both greatly contribute to more and more overseas investment. This very study has suggested wood industry companies to focus their overseas investment on locations where Taiwan based companies cluster. For those companies that aim to develop China¡¦s local market, it highly suggested Joint Venture or Strategic Alliance as entry mode since it¡¦s much easier to establish the relationship and secure the local resources. This very study has shown five key successful factors for wood industry companies¡¦ overseas investment in China. 1.The managing director has to develop the customers by himself or herself and organize a team that is be able to work independently. 2.A managing team that could fully devote itself to China market has to be built up. 3.Core competence ¡V Specialized Knowledge and Experience is successfully diffused among the team. 4.Creative fund raising mode is applied so that sufficient capital is provided. 5.The company has to keep very good relationship with the raw log group.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 82 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-78).

The purpose of this research was to investigate the feasibility of installing gasification based combined heat and power plants in the New Zealand wood processing industry. This is in accordance with Objective Four of the BIGAS Consortium. This thesis builds on previous work on Objective Four (Rutherford, 2006) where integration into MDF (Medium Density Fibreboard) was investigated. The previous research identified the most suitable form of combined heat and power was a BIG-GE (Biomass Integrated Gasification Gas Engine) process, due to both lower capital investment and overall breakeven electricity production cost. This technology has therefore been adopted, and the investigation has been carried further in this research to incorporate integration into sawmills and LVL (Laminated Veneer Lumber) plants. It is recognised, however, especially when reviewing overseas successes and failures, that the base economics are only one factor in the feasibility of a plant. The research, therefore, has moved further to investigate New Zealand policy, the power market, lower capital alternatives and novel methods of integration. The conclusion of the study is gasification based combined heat and power plants in the New Zealand wood processing industry can be equal or better in economic terms than other forms of renewable generation, however, the application is very niche. Lower capital cost alternatives, stable and low priced biomass feed and a favourable power market in regards to distributed generation is key to the viability of such a plant. Government policy is favourable towards biomass gasification due to the target of 90% electrical generation by renewable resources by 2025. Distributed generation is also encouraged in the Government’s forward strategy. However, the technology has advanced further overseas due to capital grants and a premium paid for ‘green’ electricity. While the technology may be economic in its own right, active government support would lower the perceived risk increasing the likelihood of an investor taking interest in an initial project.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2009. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-74). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1997. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [208]-237).

Klibbalen (Alnus Glutinosa) växer på frisk eller fuktig mark i södra och mellersta Sverige, mestadels i bestånd mindre än ett hektar. Klibbalen är med sina kvävefixerande noduler på rötterna ett näringsberikande träd, dess kvävetillförsel medför en naturlig gödsling. Den växer som bäst på djup näringsrik, mullrik mark med rörligt grundvatten. Produktionen kan  uppgå till drygt 10 m3sk/ha och år och kan föryngringsavverkas vid 35 års ålder. Virket är mjukt, har låg densitet och är lätt att bearbeta. Efter bearbetning fås en jämn fin yta som behålls även efter återfuktning. Värmeupptagningsförmågan är låg för klibbal. Däremot är virket inte intressant för tillverkning av papper då virket missfärgar pappersmassan. Undersökningen är tredelad, besök och intervjuer på lövsågverk, fältmätningar i bestånd samt analys av beståndsdata från skogsbruksplaner. Dessa tre delar ligger till grund för en syntes till en förbättrad skötselinstruktion för klibbal. Vid intervjuer med lövsågverk framkommer att de sågverk som idag sågar lövvirke upplever en brist på virke med rätt kvalitet. Med bättre skötsel och ett anpassat skötselprogram för klibbal bör det gå att få ut mer sågbart virke. God kvalitet på klibbalsvirke definieras som virke fritt från torr- och rötkvist samt brunkärna. Träden bör vid slutavverkning vara 30 till 40 cm i brösthöjd. De skogsbruksplaner som Södra Skogsägarna tillhandahöll har undersökts avseende de bestånd där klibbal är huvudträdslag. Som regel baseras skötselförslagen för dessa bestånd på andra trädslag än klibbal t.ex. gran eller björk och med ett skötselintervall på 5 år. Skötselintervallet blir ofta för långt i dessa förslag. Resultatet från såväl intervjuerna, fältmätningarna och skogsbruksplanerna har syntetiserats till ett förbättrat skötselprogram. Med en korrekt angivning av beståndsdata med anpassande skötselförslag för klibbal som har korta skötselperioder går det att skapa bättre framtida virkeskvalitet. Dagens skogsbruksplaner ger för långa tidsperioder för klibbalskötsel och bör förkortas till 2, 3 och 4-års långa perioder beroende på var i omloppstiden man befinner sig. / Common alder (Alnus Glutinosa) grows for the most part in the south and middle of Sweden, in clumps smaller than one hectare. The wood is soft, light and easy to work and maintains a smooth surface in humid environment and does not take on heath. The wood is not of interest in pulp as it discolors. The hard wood saw mills have at present a lack of good quality hardwood. With enhanced silviculture-program for common alder with shorter silviculture-interval, 2-, 3 and 4 years, and the use of a site index for common alder it should be possible to get a higher production of good quality hardwood. The current silviculture programs should be changed to shorter intervals to fit common alder silviculture. When common alder is identified for cutting, it should be taken to the hard wood industry for optimal refining.

Fatores como a carência tecnológica, contratação de mão de obra pouco qualificada, estrutura produtiva precária, necessidade crescente de adaptação à mudanças constantes de mercado e às novas regras estabelecidas pela economia global. Ressaltam a necessidade de utilização de técnicas que forneçam informações para serem utilizadas como base para o gerenciamento das pequenas e médias empresas. Essas informações servem como fundamento para o processo de tomada de decisão. E os indicadores de desempenho surgem como uma oportunidade de melhoria que impulsiona a organização para o desenvolvimento tecnológico e para o auto gerenciamento dentro dos níveis operacional (chão de fábrica na produção), tático (supervisores) e estratégico (diretores, gerentes). O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver indicadores de desempenho para a atividade de beneficiamento de madeira em uma empresa de pequeno porte. Para tanto, o desenvolvimetno foi realizado inicialmente com a elaboração de fluxogramas dos processos (macro) executados pela empresa e do processo produtivo, que é o principal foco desse trabalho. A partir dos fluxogramas, os pontos críticos do processo produtivo foram identificados utilizando a técnica "Brainstorming não estruturado". A seguir foi aplicada a técnica FMEA (failure mode and effect analysis) em cada ponto crítico, visando avaliar o impacto desses pontos no processo produtivo e para cada um elaborou-se um estudo de causa utilizando Diagrama de Ishikawa. A partir do estudo da causa foram desenvolvidos indicadores de desempenho para atuar em pontos críticos. Os indicadores auxiliam a empresa durante o processo de tomada de decisões com base em fatos e dados, auxiliam o gerenciamento da rotina, sinalizam alterações no processo, apontam necessidades de treinamentos para a equipe, permitem a redução de erros e o desenvolvimento de oportunidades de melhoria. / Factors like the lack of technology, the hiring of a not very well quantified labor, a poor productive structure, an increasing necessity of adjustment to constant changes in the market and to new rules established by global economy, encourage the need for the use of techniques that supply information to be used as the base for the management of small and medium enterprises. These information are fundamental in the process of making decision. This way the performance indicators come up as an opportunity of improvement that drives the organization to words a technological development to the self - management in operational levels (the basic ground in production), tactical (supervisors) and strategical (directors, managers). This study aimed to develop performance indicators for sowed wood improvement in a small enterprise. Therefore, the development of performance indicators was firstly realized planning of with the fluxograms planning of the process that are executed by the enterprise (macro processes) and of the productive process, which is of this study the main points of this study. From the fluxograms, critical points of the productive process were identified by using the "not structured brainstorming" technique the FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) technique, was applied in each critical point in order to valuate their impact in the productive process. A case study was planned for each point by using the Ishikawa Diagram. The performance indicators were developed based on the case study and it works on the critical points of productive process. These indicators help the enterprise during the process of taking decisions based on facts and data in the routine management, show the changes in the process, point out the needs on which the crew must be trained, allow the reduction of number of failures and develop opportunities.

In this thesis, I have chosen to analyse the Swedish wood industry and how it has been developing during the last decades. The purpose is to analyse the infrastructural impact on the industrial location patterns and to see to what degree these locational changes can be observed in more or less favourable regions. Theoretically, all economic activity should take into consideration where to locate the production. This means that the firms should analyse both profits and costs and then consider if they are located in an economically efficient location. If they draw the conclusion from the analysis that their locational situation is not efficient, they should consider relocating production in order to gain higher productivity. In conclusion, the probability of a firm’s survival in the market, as well as sustaining a positive employment development, is higher in more favourable industrial locations. A more favourable industrial location is a location with a closer proximity to the market or in some cases close proximity to the raw materials used in production. / I den här uppsatsen har jag valt att analysera den svenska trävaruindustrin och dess utveckling under de senaste decennierna. Syftet med analysen är att undersöka den infrastrukturella situationen inom den svenska trävaruindustrin. Har det svenska industriella lokaliseringsmönstret förändrats över tiden, och kan man dessutom se skillnader i omfattning av dessa förändringar i mer eller mindre fördelaktigt lokaliserade regioner. Teoretiskt sett skulle all ekonomisk verksamhet ta hänsyn till var verksamheten är belägen, d.v.s. företagen kommer att bedöma sina inkomster och utgifter och därefter bedöma om man befinner sig på en ekonomiskt hållbar plats. Kommer man däremot fram till att man inte är effektiv, ska man överväga en ny industriell lokalisering för att kunna öka sin produktivitet. Slutsatsen som jag dragit är att benägenheten för ett företag att överleva på marknaden såväl som att bibehålla en positiv sysselsättningsutveckling i relation till andra företag inom samma industri är större om företaget är lokaliserat i en mer industriellt fördelaktig region. Med detta menas en region där företagen är mer fördelaktigt lokaliserade i relation till marknaden eller de råmaterial som används i produktionen.