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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

A biometric analysis of some variations in the anatomy and wood density of young Pinus caribaea Morelet

Brown, Garnet A. January 1969 (has links)
No description available.
2

The Use of X-Ray Densitometric Methods in Dendrochronology

Polge, Hubert 11 1900 (has links)
No description available.
3

Densitometric studies on the wood of young coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco)

Cown, David John January 1976 (has links)
X-ray densitometry was used to investigate some environmental and genetic influences on wood formation in young Douglas-fir trees growing in the Pacific Northwest. Sampling methods were determined from sectional analyses of even-aged stems and eleven growth-ring width and density variables were measured in several trials to elucidate' some of the causes of variation. Breast height increment core samples were shown to giveve a good representation of stand properties and juvenile-mature correlations for a 40-year-old crop confirmed the validity of determining intra-ring density parameters on young material. Increment core samples from the Co-operative Douglas-fir Provenance Test (5 locations; 5 provenances/location) were used for both gravimetric and densi-tometric analyses. The major components of variation were found to be stand location and the individual tree effect. Provenances consistently accounted for less than 5% of the total variation. Genotype-environment interaction was shown to be small for all properties measured with the exception of the intra-ring density range. Between sites, earlywood widths were more variable than latewood widths, but latewood density properties (mean latewood and ring maximum densities) were more variable than those for earlywood (mean earlywood and ring minimum densities). Earlywood and latewood parameters varied independently of one another. It was suggested that genetic control was weak at the provenance level but strong for individual trees. Regression analyses using growth-ring components and monthly weather data for the outer five rings at each site uncovered some highly significant effects which helped to explain the observed year-to-year variation. Density variables were less affected by weather conditions than earlywood and latewood widths. An examination of eight ramets from each of ten 13-year-old clones revealed highly significant differences in all eleven intra-ring parameters. Heritability estimates for individual growth rings showed a regular increase with tree age, and latewood properties (width, density and ring maximum density) were found to be under strong genetic control. On a clone-mean basis, density was not related significantly to growth rate, so that vigour and density properties could be selected for independently. Crown phenology (flushing and shoot growth characteristics) was not strongly correlated with growth-ring parameters, although there was an indication that early flushing may be associated with higher latewood density. A study of four parent trees and their control-pollinated progeny proved unsatisfactory due to lack of adequate replication and atypical stand conditions, but nevertheless provided a vehicle for discussion of problems involved in assessing plus-tree wood quality and narrow-sense heritabilities. The combined results were discussed in terms of the genecology of Douglas fir and the implications for forest management and utilization. / Forestry, Faculty of / Graduate
4

G. S. C. Tree-Ring Scanning Densitometer and Data Acquisition System

Jones, F. W., Parker, M. L. 11 1900 (has links)
A tree-ring scanning densitometer and data acquisition system has been built by the Geological Survey of Canada to extract tree-ring density and tree-ring width data from dendrochronological specimens and X-ray negatives of specimens. The system produces tree-ring density plots, ring density and ring-width bar graphs, and printed and punch tape digital data. This prototype was built primarily from commercial pre-constructed electronic components, but a modified densitometer and other original-design units also were used in the construction.
5

Genetic variation of wood properties among populations of Pinus caribaea

Leon, J. P. Garcia de January 1982 (has links)
No description available.
6

Tenacidade da madeira / Toughness of wood

Stolf, Denise Ortigosa 23 October 2000 (has links)
A madeira apresenta diferentes comportamentos, dependendo das solicitações às quais está sujeita. Em geral, a madeira pode resistir a solicitações de maior magnitude se a ação ocorre num curtíssimo intervalo de tempo. A propriedade mecânica envolvida nestes casos é a tenacidade, cujos valores são determinados em ensaios de impacto na flexão. Diversas aplicações relacionadas à madeira dependem da mencionada propriedade, não muito estudada para as madeiras usualmente empregadas no Brasil. Com o intuito de preencher tais lacunas o presente trabalho foi realizado para avaliar a influência da umidade e da orientação dos anéis de crescimento da madeira no valor da sua tenacidade. Para isso foram utilizadas as espécies Angelim Saia (Vatairea sp), Eucalipto Citriodora (Eucalyptus citriodora), Eucalipto Grandis (Eucalyptus grandis), Pinus Elliottii (Pinus elliottii), com corpos-de-prova convenientemente amostrados e climatizados. Além disso foram quantificadas as relações entre: a tenacidade e a densidade da madeira a 12% de umidade; a tenacidade e a resistência da madeira à compressão paralela às fibras; a tenacidade e a resistência convencional da madeira no ensaio de flexão estática. Para isto foram considerados os resultados obtidos para trinta e seis espécies tropicais brasileiras, sendo no mínimo doze amostras por espécie. / Wood often exhibits different behavior, depending on the kind of acting forces. Usually, wood can resist to greater solicitations if short time intervals are considered. The mechanical property involved in these situations is toughness, which values are determined in impact bending tests. Several basic uses of timber depend on the toughness, property not widely studied to tropical species grown in Brazil. This work, which was conducted to improve this situation, aimed to evaluate the influence of moisture content and grain angle in values of toughness. In order to reach these objects, species like Angelim Saia (Vatairea sp), Eucalipto Citriodora (Eucalyptus citriodora), Eucalipto Grandis (Eucalyptus grandis), Pinus Elliottii (Pinus elliottii), were employed, with well-sampled and climatized specimens. Besides, relationship between toughness and wood density at 12% of moisture, toughness and wood strength at compression parallel to the grain, toughness and modulus of rupture in static bending test were determined. To reach these subjects, results obtained for thirty six tropical species grown in Brazil, no less than twelve especimens for specie, were considered.
7

EASTERN U.S. TREE-RING WIDTHS AND DENSITIES AS INDICATORS OF PAST CLIMATE.

CONKEY, LAURA ELIZABETH. January 1982 (has links)
Long-lived trees preserve a record of environmental conditions during their lifetime in the pattern of yearly xylem widths and in changing wood density within and among the increments. Crossdated earlywood, latewood, and total ring widths, and minimum earlywood and maximum latewood densities, from three sites in the mountains of Maine, are analyzed visually and statistically to evaluate their relationships to one another and to external, environmental factors which affect the ring width and density through internal, physiological processes. Maximum density values show highest levels of similarity within and among the three site chronologies, thus implying a good degree of sensitivity to climate; minimum density values, however, showed lowest sensitivity to climate. Two biologically reasonable hypotheses concerning climate--tree growth interactions are proposed: (1) that maximum density is related to spring temperatures prior to its formation; and (2) that maximum density is related to summer water relations as the latewood forms. With the help of response function analysis, simple correlation, and multiple linear regression, these two hypotheses are tested: (1) maxmum density as a single predictor explains up to 37% of spring temperature variance; with earlywood widths at one site, 47% of spring temperature variance is explained; (2) maximum density as a single predictor explains up to 45% of summer temperature variance, 11% of summer precipitation variance, and 23% of the variance of Thornthwaite water deficit values; with total ring widths at one site, 22% of the variance of summer stream runoff is explained. Regression equations were applied to the 201- to 310-year tree-ring records to form reconstructions of these past climatic events. Independent verification testing of the reconstructions strongly validates the relationship between maximum density and spring temperature; the relationship to summer water relations is not as strongly verified, but results encourage further testin of this relationship. Results from this study may be applied both to (1) an increased understanding of relationship of climate to the formation of wood density; and (2) further development of dendroclimatology in mesic regions such as northeastern North America.
8

Métodos de determinação da densidade básica e aparente da madeira de Eucalyptus sp

Bruder, Edson Marcelo [UNESP] 08 December 2012 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-12-08Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:31:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bruder_em_me_botfca.pdf: 12903442 bytes, checksum: 9ee1489444d26d9587251874a1de3cd9 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Nos reflorestamentos brasileiros o gênero Eucalyptus é o mais utilizado, devido sobretudo às suas características de rápido crescimento, capacidade de adaptação aos diversos sítios e condições edafoclimáticas e pelo potencial econômico de sua madeira. O seu uso é intensivo e crescente nos segmentos industriais para a produção de celulose, pasta de celulose, painéis de fibras e para a produção de madeira serrada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a densidade da madeira de Eucalyptus sp. por três métodos: o Método de imersão em água (MI), o Método da atenuação da radiação gama (TARG) e o Método da volumetria por equivalência de área (VEA). Foram determinadas as variações de umidade e de volume em função do tempo, de discos de madeira submersos em água. A partir dos valores médios de densidade dos discos foi obtido o perfil longitudinal da densidade e também um ponto de amostragem, que caracterizou a densidade média da árvore. O método de imersão em água também foi utilizado para mensurar as variações de volume, umidade e da densidade em amostras com umidade abaixo do ponto de saturação das fibras. Os resultados mostraram que a variação da densidade a 12% mensurada, pelos métodos de imersão e da volumetria por equivalência de área de 1,72%. A variação da densidade básica entre os métodos de imersão e o método de atenuação da radiação gama foi de 1,3%. A absorção de água, durante o experimento de imersão, promoveu um acréscimo de umidade e de volume, respectivamente de 1,68% e de 0,287% em um período de 10 segundos de imersão. O ponto ideal de amostragem, mensurado pela variação da densidade na direção longitudinal, possibilitou mensurar a densidade média da... / The genus Eucalyptus is the most widely used in reforestation in Brazil, mainly due to its rapid growth, its ability to adapt to different sites and environmental conditions; and the economic potential of its timber. Its use is intensive and growing in the industrial segments for production of cellulose pulp, fibreboard and timber. The objective of this study was to evaluate the density of Eucalyptus sp. wood by three methods: The Method of Water Immersion in Water Method (MI); The Gamma Attenuation Method (TARG); Volumetric Conversion by Equivalence of Area Method (VEA). First, it was determined the variations of humidity and volume as a function of time, in discs of wood submerged in water. From the average density values of the tree wood discs, it was obtained the longitudinal profile of density and also the sampling point which characterizes the average density of the tree. The method of water immersion was used to measure the volumetric variation, the moisture and the density below the fiber saturation point. The variation of density at 12% measured by the method of water immersion and by volumetric conversion by equivalence of area... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
9

Estudo comparativo de métodos para determinação da densidade básica de cavacos e discos de madeira /

Padula, Rafael Ribeiro, 1983. January 2013 (has links)
Orientador: Cláudio Angeli Sansígolo / Banca: Lincoln Gehring Cardoso / Banca: Vladimir Eliodoro Costa / Resumo: A densidade básica é a propriedade física da madeira mais utilizada pelas indústrias florestais, pela facilidade de determinação e pela relação com os processos e produtos madeireiros. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os métodos usualmente utilizados para determinação da densidade básica de cavacos e discos de madeira. Para tanto foram escolhidos dois clones de eucalipto, um de Eucalyptus grandis com menor densidade básica e outro de Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla com maior densidade. Ambos com a idade de seis anos. Foram objetos de comparação quatro métodos de determinação da densidade básica, tanto para as secções transversais (discos) retiradas em diversas alturas das árvores (0, 25, 50,75 e 100% da altura comercial) como para cavacos das mesmas árvores. Os métodos utilizados foram o do máximo teor de umidade (MTU), o máximo teor de umidade modificado (MTUm), o método da balança hidrostática com o xilômetro por baixo da balança (BHb) e com o xilômetro por cima da balança (BHc). Os métodos não diferiram entre si quando comparados nas diversas alturas e consequentemente na árvore como um todo, mas ao compararem-se os métodos nos cavacos o máximo teor de umidade modificado diferiu estatisticamente dos demais com maiores valores de densidade para os dois clones. O equipamento Pilodyn também estudado neste trabalho mostrou imprecisão na predição da densidade básica. / Abstract: Basic density, due to its easy determination and correlation with wooden process and products, is the physical propriety of wood most utilized by the forest industry. It was this paper's main goal to comparatively study the most usually employed procedures to determinate wood chips and discs basic density. For that two eucalyptus clones were chosen, one an Eucalyptus grandis with lower basic density and the other an Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophyllac with higher density. Four different methods for the determination of basic density were compared, both for the cross-sections (discs) taken from different heights of the trees (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the commercial height) as for the wood chips from the same trees. The utilized methods were the maximum moisture content (MTU), the modified maximum moisture content (MTUm), the hydrostatic scale with the xylometer bellow the scale (BHb) and with the xylometer atop the scale (BHc). They showed no differences between them when compared in different heights and consequently the tree as a whole, but once the methods were applied on the wood chips the modified maximum moisture content statistically differed from the rest displaying higher density values for both clones. The Pilodyn equipment, also studied in this paper, displayed a lack of precision when determining the basic density. / Mestre
10

Métodos de determinação da densidade básica e aparente da madeira de Eucalyptus sp. /

Bruder, Edson Marcelo, 1971- January 2012 (has links)
Orientador: Marcos Antonio de Rezende / Coorientador: Vladimir Eliodoro Costa / Banca: Adriano Wagner Ballarin / Banca: Valdemir Antonio Rodrigues / Resumo: Nos reflorestamentos brasileiros o gênero Eucalyptus é o mais utilizado, devido sobretudo às suas características de rápido crescimento, capacidade de adaptação aos diversos sítios e condições edafoclimáticas e pelo potencial econômico de sua madeira. O seu uso é intensivo e crescente nos segmentos industriais para a produção de celulose, pasta de celulose, painéis de fibras e para a produção de madeira serrada. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a densidade da madeira de Eucalyptus sp. por três métodos: o Método de imersão em água (MI), o Método da atenuação da radiação gama (TARG) e o Método da volumetria por equivalência de área (VEA). Foram determinadas as variações de umidade e de volume em função do tempo, de discos de madeira submersos em água. A partir dos valores médios de densidade dos discos foi obtido o perfil longitudinal da densidade e também um ponto de amostragem, que caracterizou a densidade média da árvore. O método de imersão em água também foi utilizado para mensurar as variações de volume, umidade e da densidade em amostras com umidade abaixo do ponto de saturação das fibras. Os resultados mostraram que a variação da densidade a 12% mensurada, pelos métodos de imersão e da volumetria por equivalência de área de 1,72%. A variação da densidade básica entre os métodos de imersão e o método de atenuação da radiação gama foi de 1,3%. A absorção de água, durante o experimento de imersão, promoveu um acréscimo de umidade e de volume, respectivamente de 1,68% e de 0,287% em um período de 10 segundos de imersão. O ponto ideal de amostragem, mensurado pela variação da densidade na direção longitudinal, possibilitou mensurar a densidade média da... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The genus Eucalyptus is the most widely used in reforestation in Brazil, mainly due to its rapid growth, its ability to adapt to different sites and environmental conditions; and the economic potential of its timber. Its use is intensive and growing in the industrial segments for production of cellulose pulp, fibreboard and timber. The objective of this study was to evaluate the density of Eucalyptus sp. wood by three methods: The Method of Water Immersion in Water Method (MI); The Gamma Attenuation Method (TARG); Volumetric Conversion by Equivalence of Area Method (VEA). First, it was determined the variations of humidity and volume as a function of time, in discs of wood submerged in water. From the average density values of the tree wood discs, it was obtained the longitudinal profile of density and also the sampling point which characterizes the average density of the tree. The method of water immersion was used to measure the volumetric variation, the moisture and the density below the fiber saturation point. The variation of density at 12% measured by the method of water immersion and by volumetric conversion by equivalence of area... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

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