La présente thèse porte sur les motivations qui ont poussé Woodrow Wilson à s’exprimer en faveur du passage du Dix-neuvième amendement, qui a accordé le droit de vote aux femmes, alors qu’il avait refusé jusqu’en janvier 1918 de soutenir un amendement à la Constitution, car il fallait selon lui laisser aux États la liberté dans ce domaine. Ce travail est né d’une double interrogation, historiographique et méthodologique, qui rend compte de la complexité d’une approche qui se veut profondément ancrée dans une mise en contexte politique, économique, culturelle et sociale du passage de cet amendement. Cette réflexion permet de confronter deux historiographies différentes : l’histoire des femmes d’une part, et l’histoire présidentielle d’autre part. L’hypothèse de ce travail est que loin de rendre compte uniquement d’une évolution culturelle ou personnelle, ce changement de position du président est lié à divers facteurs politiques nationaux et internationaux. Les concepts de pouvoir et de politique sont au coeur de la problématique. Ils mettent en lumière en fonction du sens qui leur est attribué, des représentations différentes. Ainsi, la notion de représentation est également centrale, car elle renvoie à une appréhension des faits et du monde selon une position particulière – celle de l’historien bien sûr, mais également celle des acteurs de l’histoire – ainsi qu’au fonctionnement institutionnel de la démocratie. / The present work deals with the reasons why Woodrow Wilson decided to come out for suffrage and to support the Nineteenth Amendment, whereas he had refused to do so before January, 1918. Up until then, he was a champion of States’ rights. Spanning Wilson’s two terms, this thesis is grounded on historiographical and methodological premises originating from a political, economic, cultural and social analysis of the specific context under scrutiny. This will lead to confront two different historiographies: women’s history on the one hand, and presidential history on the other hand. This dissertation will contend that far from stemming from a cultural or personal change in Wilson’s perspective, the president’s evolution hinges upon national and international political factors. Power and politics are used as key concepts throughout the demonstration, seeing as their meaning varies substantially according to the prism of representation. As a result, the notion of representation also proves central, as it encompasses the specific viewpoints of both historians and historical protagonists on the events discussed as well as on the institutional framework of democracy.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

The scope of this thesis falls under the title, “Woodrow Wilson, World War I and the Rise of Poland”. The author’s intention in selecting this topic is to examine the national and political re-emergence of Poland in the early twentieth century from a predominantly American perspective, as no other Western nation had played as great a hand in this “rebirth”. Covering the better part of a decade and more that begins by tracing Woodrow Wilson’s ascension to the United States presidency, the examination centres upon the extent of and reasoning behind this Wilson-led influence as wielded through the channels of foreign diplomacy with and regarding Poland. Underlining America’s first substantial foray into internal European diplomatic affairs, the study analyses, in turn, American involvement and interest in the Poles’ burgeoning drive towards self-determination and national sovereignty leading into and throughout the First World War; Poland’s weighty part in the American government’s documented preparations for peace in Europe; and Wilson’s significant personal response to the ultimately successful course of the Polish independence movement, among other European developments leading up to the war’s close. Research conducted in this exercise comprises an analysis of primarily American foreign diplomatic and domestic political sources (including considerable emphasis upon the personal papers and documents of Woodrow Wilson himself), as well as of similar Polish sources where they pertain to American interest. Furthermore, scrutiny of the diplomatic records of other nations necessarily involved in this arena of “Great Power” politics, such as Russia, Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Western Powers, adds to the inspection. The author believes that such investigation exposes the unlikely dimensions of America’s, and especially Wilson’s, critical involvement within this particular East European historical setting. In this light, Wilson’s triumphant crusading on behalf of the rights of small nations – and equally his ensuing reversal of fortunes over the Versailles Treaty and the League of Nations Charter – can be seen to be embodied within the momentous revival of Poland’s independence and the subsequently rocky path of the “new” nation’s fledgling statehood.

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This study of the extra-curricular activities of the Woodrow Wilson High School of Dallas, Texas, was made to determine who and why each of the activities developed, the life span of each, the percentage of the student body enrolled in the various groups, and the value of each extra-curricular activity from the viewpoint of the teachers, of the students, and of authorities in the field.

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