Thesis PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Commonwealth University, 2003. / Prepared for: Dept. of Management. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 141-152). Also available to VCU users online via the Internet.

Vårdpersonal har i studier beskrivits utsättas för stress, emotionell utmattning samt utbrändhet genom lågt inflytande eller låg kontroll över ställda krav. Studier inom offentlig verksamhet visar också att det finns arbetstagare som befunnit sig i arbetsplatsinlåsning, yrkesinlåsning eller i dubbelinlåsning. Denna enkätstudie ämnade att med mätinstrumentet Psykosocial arbetsmiljökartläggning (PAK) mäta två klinikers psykosociala arbetsmiljö hos 109 undersköterskor och skötare på ett sjukhus i Mellansverige. Studien ämnade även att mäta om arbetsplatsinlåsning, yrkesinlåsning samt dubbelinlåsning förekom och om det fanns ett samband mellan den psykosociala arbetsmiljön och inlåsningsbegreppen. Resultatet av den psykosociala arbetsmiljöns mätning visade att egenkontroll, arbetsledning och arbetsbelastning skattades lågt medan stimulans och arbetsgemenskap skattades positivt. Antal inlåsta individer översteg 20 % på alla inlåsningsbegrepp. Studien fann även ett statistiskt signifikant samband mellan begreppet psykosocial arbetsmiljö och arbetsplats/-yrkesinlåsning samt dubbelinlåsning. Studien bör gå vidare med kvalitativ metodik, att hos arbetstagarna ta reda på de bakomliggande orsakerna till studiens resultat.

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The goal of this thesis is to question conventional definitions of work through the detailed study of a professional group---specifically rural clergy---whose work falls outside the parameters of accepted definitions of work. According to the feminist literature, work and non-work are differentiated typically by dichotomies which privilege a masculine model of work and devalue women's experience; thus, "real work" is defined as an activity which is paid rather than unpaid, public rather than private, instrumental and intellectual rather than emotional. Professional work definitions also obscure the way in which "work" relies on activities which are linked with the feminine in these dichotomies. Through in-depth qualitative interviews with rural clergy, I explore the extent to which women and men draw on these gendered dichotomies to define work. In some ways, the approach of clergy counters conventional work norms: for them, emotional labour is a priority, work is not limited to a specific time or place, and public and private lives frequently overlap. I demonstrate how clergy define their work in terms of obligation, context, visibility, and time. Furthermore, I also argue that clergy delineate work in terms which still reflect a masculinized work norm specific to their profession. This "clergy masculinized mode" professionalises emotional labour by separating it from the facilitating work of female volunteers; it assumes a worker free from domestic demands in order to fulfil professional obligations within a flexible time frame; and it overlooks how the overlap of the public and private spheres is sustained by the work of wives. Thus, delineating work is particularly problematic for female clergy because professional demands are confounded with demands for adjunct work typically performed by women. My findings (1) highlight alternative markers of work which are suggestive for feminist theory; (2) point to a gap in theorizing about the gendering of work when con

Twelve participants took part in a clinical trial to investigate whether the office environment quality, specifically the decor and interior design, causes stress in office workers. The stress was measured through psychosomatic responses, to gauge the real subconscious stress, rather than through questionnaires, which measure the conscious response to stress. The participants were office workers from the same administration building, but working in different fields. There were five black, three Indian and four white participants. The gender mix consisted of two female and ten male participants. The age spectrum ranged from 27 years to 55 years of age. Participants were requested to fast from midnight and present themselves early for the tests on two consecutive days. They were divided into two groups. The tests, using two different environment qualities, were presented in a counterbalanced order to the groups, with a control group remaining in the superior environment on both days. A superior environment of four star quality decor and interior design, and an inferior environment of half a star quality were used. From research by Wing et al. (1985), after ingesting a source of glucose, the peak glucose concentration in the plasma is delayed under stress. This was used as the psychosomatic test. Participants drank a solution containing 40 g of polycose, and were then subjected to identical mental stress tests in the different environments. Blood samples were taken at thirty minute intervals for two hours from drinking the polycose, and analysed for changes in glucose concentration. The differences in stress responses were calculated as delays in the time to glucose concentration peak, and analysed. The room factor was highly significant with F(6;15) = 6.620 (p=0.001 at a = 0.05). The day of testing was of much lower significance but still significant at F(6;15) = 3.402 (p=0.025 at a = 0.05). This was due to stress caused by the memory of the pain of repeated jabs with a needle, which would only be observed on the second day. (The time of the peak concentration occurred before the second blood samples were taken, which meant the stress caused by the anticipation of pain remembered was not observed on the first day.) After correcting for the stress effects on the second day due to testing, Tukey's Honestly Significantly Different test yielded two homogeneous subsets (out of a four subsets, which were a combination of the room and day factors). The two subsets were clearly divided by room, and not by day, this time. The subsets (rooms) were both highly significant, ranging from 0.609 to 1.00, for an alpha of 0.05. It was concluded, from causality tests and hypothesis testing, a high quality office environment causes a significantly lower stress response, while a poor quality office environment causes a significantly higher stress response. A model, correlating stress with the office environment, was developed for use by businesses. / Thesis (MBA)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2006.

This project presents an overview of the social interactions that play a role in the development of a work culture that many nurses find hostile. strong evidence that many factors are related to the nursing shortage contributing role in creating a hostile nursing work culture. These factors include patient workload, a lack of consistent mentoring, gender inequality, stealing, and educational disparity among nurses. Some proposed achieving a more cohesive work culture and providing more effects may require providing veteran nurses with training in the latest me It could also be helpful to provide strong leadership training, emphasize team building, develop more team cohesion over individualism, and aggressively recruiting men to alleviate the nursing shortage. / Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services

Investigation explored gender role stereotypes and the effect of stereotyping on the career adjustment of women. Occupational gender type ratings obtained from employed women were similar, although less extreme, than those observed in earlier studies (Shinar, 1975; White, Kruczek, Brown, White, 1989). Traditionally employed women provided more extremely stereotyped ratings than did their nontraditionally employed counterparts. All women were administered the Personality Attributes Questionnaire (PAQ) to assess the level of instrumental and expressive characteristics representative of their behavior. All women displayed a higher level of instrumental behaviors at work compared to home. Further, all women reported the level of instrumental behaviors they displayed at work surpassed the level that was characteristic of their overall personality orientation. Differences in gender role behaviors between traditionally and nontraditionally employed women were present across conditions: home, work, overall personality orientation. These two, groups differed with regard to the level of gender role behaviors they perceived as necessary for successful job performance. Job satisfaction (as measured by the Job Descriptive Index and Hoppock Satisfaction Questionnaire) was used as an index of career adjustment. Women employed nontraditionally expressed greater levels of dissastisfaction with their work, supervisors, and coworkers. / Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services

This dissertation presents interaction techniques for ubiquitous computing environments equipped with multiple, heterogeneous display devices and with novel augmented reality visualisation. Ubiquitous computing work environments are typically enhanced with a range of display technologies, personal information appliances, speech and natural language interfaces, interaction devices and contextual sensors. Interaction in these environments introduces new challenges not previously encountered in shared display or single display environments. / This dissertation describes a number of novel contributions that improve the state of the art in human computer interaction within ubiquitous computing environments. Firstly an interaction model is provided that can be used to categorise interaction tasks performed in ubiquitous computing environments. When interacting across multiple displays, users typically require temporary storage of information to allow data to be copied between devices. The second contribution of this dissertation of a clipboard model for ubiquitous computing environments to allow users to perform this task. Thirdly, a number of infrastructure modules were created to support interaction within these environments. The modules developed include: an Interaction Manager that implements the interaction model to allow any device to be used to control displays in the environments; a Clipboard Manager to manage the creation and access of ubiquitous computing clipboards as defined in the clipboard model; an Interaction Client to be run on each display to be controlled to implement the interaction tasks; and a rapidly adaptable tracking facility for ubiquitous computing environments. Fourthly, a Universal Interaction Controller was created to allow seamless interaction and control of displays in ubiquitous computing environments. With the Universal Interaction Controller, users are able to select a display by pointing at it, and then the interactions performed on the controller are forwarded to the selected display via the Interaction Manager. The controller also provides access to a number of clipboards as defined using the clipboard model. Finally, this dissertation describes the results of a user study that was run to determine the intuitiveness of the Universal Interaction Controller in multiple display and single display environments. This is performed by comparing users' performance with the device to their performance with the leading mobile pointing device and the traditional mouse. / Based on these contributions, two applications were developed to demonstrate how the infrastructure can be used in real world situations. The first application demonstrates the use of a Universal Interaction Controller and a Clipboard Manager for information visualisation. The second application interfaces with the traditional system clipboard to allow ubiquitous computing clipboards to be defined and accessed through traditional desktop clipboard techniques. / Thesis (PhDInformationTechnology)--University of South Australia, 2005.