Production planning is an important activity in manufacturing industries. The main goal of production planning is to minimize the cost under the condition that the customer requirement in terms of quality, quantity, and time is satisfied. An important player (human) is with little attention in traditional production planning. This thesis studied production planning with consideration of human factor, especially human work injuries as a result of performing a repetitive operation for a certain period of time in production systems. Production planning in this thesis only takes the minimization of total production cost as its goal. A linear programming technique was employed to incorporate the cost of work injury into the total production cost model. The LINDOTM software was used to solve the linear production planning model and to analyze the solution. Finally, the benefits of the production planning, which considers work injury, were discussed. Several conclusions can be drawn from this study: (1) the traditional production planning model, which only takes the material costs and labor costs into account, cannot deal with the cost related to work injury; (2) the work injury cost could be significant in those manual-intensive assembly systems, especially with high production rates; (3) the careful design of the worker’s postures can significantly reduce the work injury cost and thus the total cost of production. The significant contributions of this thesis are: (1) the development of a mathematical model for the total production cost including the work injury cost and (2) the finding that the work injury cost may be a significant portion in the total cost of production in the assembly system that has intensive manual works.

Work injury is one of the major obstacles in manufacturing industries especially in production assembly systems all over the world. Work injuries reduce production efficiency and threat human health. Among various types of work injuries, repetitive work injuries are the one that can be easily neglected. This thesis is about the application of computing technology to analysis and synthesis of repetitive work injuries in production assembly systems for the purpose of reduction or elimination of these injuries.<p> A production assembly system consists of the assembly machines, products, tools, humans (workers), and particular environments. Injuries of the worker are basically caused by over stress, strain, and fatigue, which are further related to the workers posture.<p> This research proposed a general methodology for constructing a software system for analysis and simulation of a workers postures in a virtual environment. The implementation of such a computer system was discussed. This research also proposed methods to compute work injury cost. Finally, this research proposed a more systematic method for the synthesis or re-design of worker postures to reduce or eliminate work injuries. The major contribution of this thesis work is to advance computing to work injury analysis and synthesis in production systems. <p> This thesis study concludes that the computer technology is matured enough to highly automate the process of work injury analysis and synthesis. It is possible that a complete design of production systems with consideration of work injuries can be done in a much more efficient manner perhaps reduction of the ramp-up process in the automobile industry from 6 months (typically) to one month in addition to the removal of wasted materials and potential injuries in the ramp-up process.

Work injury is one of the major obstacles in manufacturing industries especially in production assembly systems all over the world. Work injuries reduce production efficiency and threat human health. Among various types of work injuries, repetitive work injuries are the one that can be easily neglected. This thesis is about the application of computing technology to analysis and synthesis of repetitive work injuries in production assembly systems for the purpose of reduction or elimination of these injuries.<p> A production assembly system consists of the assembly machines, products, tools, humans (workers), and particular environments. Injuries of the worker are basically caused by over stress, strain, and fatigue, which are further related to the workers posture.<p> This research proposed a general methodology for constructing a software system for analysis and simulation of a workers postures in a virtual environment. The implementation of such a computer system was discussed. This research also proposed methods to compute work injury cost. Finally, this research proposed a more systematic method for the synthesis or re-design of worker postures to reduce or eliminate work injuries. The major contribution of this thesis work is to advance computing to work injury analysis and synthesis in production systems. <p> This thesis study concludes that the computer technology is matured enough to highly automate the process of work injury analysis and synthesis. It is possible that a complete design of production systems with consideration of work injuries can be done in a much more efficient manner perhaps reduction of the ramp-up process in the automobile industry from 6 months (typically) to one month in addition to the removal of wasted materials and potential injuries in the ramp-up process.

Thesis deals with the development of risk management in the construction industry in Czech republic in time of the economic crisis since 2007. There is in detail described the present and paste state of the construction industry in this thesis, thanks to construction output index, the volume of construction output, etc. There is overview of accidents and deaths in costuction industry, history of risk management in the construction industry and the main reasones of injuries and deaths in the construction industry described in this thesis. The aim of this thesis is to inform about development and efectiveness of risk management and evaluate work injuries in construction industry with the assumption further development.

The main purpose of this thesis is to analyse the possibilities and problems facing a privatised work injury insurance. This discussion includes the element of premium differentiation. Todays´ Swedish social insurance system is ineffectively formed. The costs have dramatically increased during the 1990´s. The Swedish government is now looking for ways to improve the efficiency of the system. The work injury insurance has not followed this pattern of increased costs. On the other hand there are reasons to believe that many of the costs derived from work injuries have been allocated o burden other social insurance. This is one of the distortions in which the system results. With focus on a privately financed work injury insurance the aim is to increase the fairness of the social insurance system. The allocation of cost burdens on the right party is included in this aim. It is believed that the motive of prevention for an injury to occur and the efforts in rehabilitation will improve when introducing a private work injury insurance. More responsibility is given to the insured, i. e. the employer. Private insurance companies can specialise and are, on a competitive market, able to keep the premiums on a fair price level. The conclusion is that efficiency can, in several aspects, increase when introducing a privately financed work injury insurance.

Syftet med undersökningen är att kartlägga skaderiskerna med att arbeta som marin maskinpersonal och jämföra skaderisken med anställda som har liknande arbeten iland. Undersökningen inbegriper även att kartlägga vilka typer av arbetsskador, som ger de mest allvarliga konsekvenserna för den anställde i förhållande till hur vanlig olyckan är. Undersökningen är en litteraturstudie där Arbetsmiljöverkets arbetsskadeanmälningar utgör grundmaterialet, där totalt 198 arbetsskador behandlades och kategoriserades. Transportstyrelsens statistik för ombordanställda jämfördes med Arbetsmiljöverket och Statistiska centralbyrån statistik över anställda iland. Detta för att se vilken yrkeskategori som hade högst skaderisk. Resultatet av undersökningen visar att arbetsolyckor under kategorierna ”Bära” och ”Halka/Snubbla/Trilla” och arbetssjukdomar under kategorin ”Tunga lyft/Arbetsställningar” är de arbetsskador, som ger de mest allvarliga konsekvenserna i förhållande till hur vanlig arbetsskadan är. Vid jämförelsen av skaderisken med liknande yrkeskategorier iland ligger maskinanställda till sjöss näst sämst till. Den yrkeskategori som är mest lik marin maskinpersonal har fyra gånger mindre skaderisk. / The aim with this thesis is to identify the risks of injury while working as marine engine staff and compare the risk of injury to employees who have similar jobs ashore. The thesis also includes identifying the types of work injuries, which leads to the most serious consequences for the employee in relation to how frequent the accident is. The thesis studied literature in which the Swedish Work Environment Authority's work injury reports are the base material, where a total of 198 injuries were treated and categorized. The Swedish Transport Agency’s statistics for employees at sea were compared with the Swedish Work Environment Authority’s and the Swedish Central Bureau of Statistics’ statistics for employees ashore. The result of the thesis show that work related accidents categorized as "Carry" and "Slip/Trip/Fall" and work related diseases categorized as "Heavy lifting/Working positions" are the injuries leading to the most serious consequences in relation to how frequent the accident is. When comparing the risk of injury with similar professions ashore, marine engine staff is the second worst. The profession most similar to marine engine staff has four times less risk of injury.

<p>The main purpose of this thesis is to analyse the possibilities and problems facing a privatised work injury insurance. This discussion includes the element of premium differentiation. Todays´ Swedish social insurance system is ineffectively formed. The costs have dramatically increased during the 1990´s. The Swedish government is now looking for ways to improve the efficiency of the system. The work injury insurance has not followed this pattern of increased costs. On the other hand there are reasons to believe that many of the costs derived from work injuries have been allocated o burden other social insurance. This is one of the distortions in which the system results. With focus on a privately financed work injury insurance the aim is to increase the fairness of the social insurance system. The allocation of cost burdens on the right party is included in this aim. It is believed that the motive of prevention for an injury to occur and the efforts in rehabilitation will improve when introducing a private work injury insurance. More responsibility is given to the insured, i. e. the employer. Private insurance companies can specialise and are, on a competitive market, able to keep the premiums on a fair price level. The conclusion is that efficiency can, in several aspects, increase when introducing a privately financed work injury insurance.</p>

Orientadores: Heleno Rodrigues Correa Filho, Carlos Eduardo Gomes Siqueira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T23:07:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rezende_JuneMariaPassos_D.pdf: 1161416 bytes, checksum: 5915dc04c2cbdba87c68858af8d46883 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Este estudo discute o papel que a Informação em Saúde e a Epidemiologia podem desempenhar na potencialização das lutas sociais pela Saúde do Trabalhador e Meio Ambiente, na perspectiva da precaução. Tem como campo empírico o caso de contaminação ambiental e de trabalhadores, causado pelas empresas Shell/Basf/Cyanamid em Paulínia e a atuação da Comissão de trabalhadores ex-empregados dessas empresas. Ao recontar a história deste fato, por meio dos depoimentos de trabalhadores afetados e da análise de documentos de órgãos públicos, sindicatos de trabalhadores, matérias jornalísticas, e demais dados publicados, analisa-se a produção, o grau de democratização, acesso e a utilização da informação em saúde sobre o caso, fundamentando-se nos princípios do direito de saber e da precaução. Buscou também, conhecer as expectativas da população afetada e do movimento social que se organizou em função deste acidente, frente à informação em saúde e à epidemiologia, por meio de um processo dialógico, tendo como referência abordagens contra-hegemônicas, a ferramenta do monitoramento crítico e participativo e o princípio da precaução. Apresenta uma análise do processo da exportação/importação de riscos no setor da indústria de agrotóxicos, à luz do caso em estudo e do direito de saber no país, buscando entender seus determinantes e como se deu o processo da informação neste contexto. A metodologia empregada foi de estudo de caso através de investigação qualitativa, de abordagem sócio-histórica combinada com a descrição de série de casos individuais de uso potencial e efetivo da informação epidemiológica. Foram sujeitos da pesquisa os ex-trabalhadores das empresas Shell/Cyanamid/Basf participantes efetivos da Comissão de ex-trabalhadores e, membros da direção do Sindicato dos Químicos. A interação do pesquisador com esta população se deu por meio da participação nas reuniões da Comissão de ex-trabalhadores e da realização de entrevistas individuais. Cada trabalhador entrevistado foi considerado um repositório sentinela sobre o uso que a informação epidemiológica poderia ter tido e/ou que de fato teve. Foram também realizados levantamento e análise de documentos. Como resultados conclui-se que a omissão e manipulação da informação sobre riscos, a ausência de direito de saber, bem como a fragilidade dos movimentos sociais, da legislação e das estruturas oficiais de controle da saúde e meio ambiente, no contexto da formação do parque industrial de agrotóxicos no país, foram fundamentais para a importação de riscos e seu trágico e persistente desdobramento neste setor. Obteve-se a caracterização dos papéis desempenhados pelos diversos atores sociais frente às questões ambientais e de saúde no trabalho; verificou-se que, no caso em estudo, não houve disponibilização de todo o arcabouço de informações existentes e pertinentes para os trabalhadores envolvidos, sendo que o direito de saber não foi garantido, estando ainda em disputa na luta social, que estes fatos prejudicaram a integridade da saúde e dificultaram a prática e participação política dos mesmos. Através da reflexão e construção coletiva com os trabalhadores, foram apontados caminhos para reorientar a produção de informação, as investigações, a pesquisa, e a epidemiologia, traduzindo-as em instrumentos de esperança, de crítica, de enfrentamento das demandas e problemas concretos bem como de ¿empoderamento¿ dos trabalhadores e de resgate de uma precaução negada / Abstract: This study discuss the potential role that Epidemiology and Health Information may play in supporting social struggles related to occupational and environmental health, considering the precautionary principle. Its empirical ground is the environmental and workers' contamination caused by Shell/Cyanamid/Basf plants at Paulinia, state of São Paulo, Brazil, and the activities of the Workers Committee of former employees of those plants.The analysis aimed to understand how the information about the contamination was produced and how it reached the workers, considering both the precautionary and the ¿ the right to know¿ principles, and was based on written material from public institutions, the press, the trade-union and on oral statements by the injured workers. It also tried to know the expectations of the affected surrounding population and the social movement that was created after the accident , through a dialogical process, in a non-hegemonic perspective, using the critical monitoring and active participation as a tool as well as the precautionary principle. The paper investigates the risk import/export process in the pesticide industry, departing from the contamination study case and the right to know in the country, trying to understand its determinants and how the information process actually happened. Methodology: it uses the case study, through a qualitative research of social historic approach, combined with the description of several individual cases referring to the potential and actual use of epidemiological information. All the participant workers were former employees and active members of the Committee and part of the board of direction of the Chemical Trade Union. The researcher attended some meetings of the Committee and performed all the individual interviews. Each worker who told his story was taken as a ¿sentinel reservoir¿ about the subject. Many documents were gathered and analyzed. Results: it is possible to say that omission and manipulation of information about the risks and the absence of the right to know, plus the fragility of social movements, of legislation and of official structures which should supervise the health and environmental issue, in the context of the new industrial pesticide plants, were essential for the risk import and its tragic and persistent out coming. It was possible to define which role each participant played with regards to the occupational health and environmental issue. Clearly this case study showed that not all existing information was made accessible to the workers; the right to know was not assured and remains as a controversial topic; these facts had a harmful effect on workers' health and hampered their political participation. In a process of sharing and exchanging facts and opinions it was build a common knowledge on the ways to reorient the production of information, the investigations, research and epidemiological analysis, turning them into efficient tools to face problems, fulfilling their needs of a critical approach. This new way of dealing with information mean hope and ¿empowerment¿ to these workers and the rescue of a denied precaution / Doutorado / Epidemiologia / Doutor em Saude Coletiva

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This thesis deals with psychological prevention of work injuries. About two milion of people die worldwide as a result of work injuries and illnesses originating in work. If I think about this statistic data, I have to ask myself basic questions: what is the cause of such a high mortality in today´s over-technical time, what are the main causes of injuries and how can we anticipate them? These questions are also the main issues of this work. The first chapter deals with work injuries, particularly with the way we should proceed when it comes to such an injury - what the employer´s and employee´s duties are. Rhe next sub-chapter focuses on the responsibility for the harm of work injuries, work injuries compensation such as the earning loss substitution, smart money, specific costs connected with treatment and compensation for damage to property. The second chapter is aimed to the labour protection. Firstly, it deals with the labour protection on a general level, then with the BOZP training and related basic documents, OHSAS 18001 Certifikace systému managementu BOZP - contributions of the certification and "Safe enterprise". The last sub-chapter goes in the work inspection authorities - keeping duties given by legal formulas, activities of the work inspection authorities, the scope of their activities and the authorization of the work inspector. The third chapter is about the work injuries prevention. The first sub-chapter focuses on the employer´s duties, the next one is about mental burden and its display, also the safe demands on machines and appliances, examples of causes of work injuries and more particular principles of labour protection in the food industry. The fourth part has been created in a quantitative way. I have asked nine meat manufactories to complete a questionnaire I had made myself in a way to draw conclusions and fulfill the goals of the thesis and answer the questions set at the beginning. The company, which came out the smallest accident, I did an interview, which makes, I obtained information regarding their approach to the issue. The labour and health protection are neccessary conditions in all work branches. Every employer has a lot of duties to their employees and the goal is to provide the workplace safe and with a minimal risk of work injuries. The most important issue is to pay attention to prevention from the very beginning.