Ce travail de thèse se donne pour objectif d’analyser des pratiques interactionnelles de réunions professionnelles en interrelation avec les technologies. La webconférence est un système de réunion à la convergence de l’audioconférence et d’un support web permettant de gérer la réunion, de chatter, de partager des applications, un écran, des présentations ou des documents. En nous appuyant sur une collection d’enregistrements audiovisuels de situations réelles d’usage de webconférences, nous analysons comment les participants tiennent compte des spécificités de l’environnement sociotechnique et mobilisent les ressources (verbales, non-verbales, artefactuelles) dans l’organisation située de leurs actions.Nous traitons l’organisation transitionnelle complexe de l’entrée en réunion à l’ouverture de la séance. Nous montrons comment des séquences spécifiques reconfigurent les ouvertures des réunions et nous interrogeons les spécificités des cadres de participation qui émergent dans ces dispositifs. La mise en relation des personnes par webconférence ou audioconférence se produit sur le modèle de l’entrée et non plus sur celui de la sommation qui distribue les identités d’appelant et d’appelé dans les appels dyadiques. C’est d’abord le répertoire de pratiques pour « entrer en réunion » qui fait l’objet de notre analyse. Nous examinons ensuite la paire relationnelle standardisée participant/modérateur vers laquelle les membres s’orientent pour organiser la parole à l’entrée. Enfin, nous étudions les procédures systématiques et multimodales pour retarder le début de l’activité (la pré-réunion) et pour accomplir une transition vers l’activité de réunion. / This research aims at analyzing members’ interactional procedures interrelated with technology in professional distant work meetings. Webconference is a kind of audioconference system enhanced by web features allowing the users to manage the gathering, to chat, and to share screen, presentation, documents or applications. Based on video recordings of naturally occurring webconferences in work setting, the thesis analyzes how members take into account the specificities of the sociotechnical environment and mobilize verbal, nonverbal, and artefactual resources in order to accomplish situated actions. The study analyzes the complex transitional accomplishment of entering the meeting when opening the session. I examine how specific sequences reconfigure the way a meeting is opened and how the frame participation emerges in this specific distant setting. Opening and sustaining social relations in webconferences (and audioconferences as well) are not produced anymore within the model of a dyadic telephone call, where the ring produces a summons which makes relevant the standardized relational pair caller/called and organizes the call. Webconference is based on the model of the entrance. I analyze the repertoire of practices used by members to achieve the entrance into the meeting. I examine how a new standardized relational pair participant/moderator is made relevant to achieve and organize talk. At last I study systematic and multimodal procedures to delay the start of the meeting (pre-meeting) and to achieve a transition toward its beginning.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:22:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lindinalva Zagoto Fernandes.pdf: 1290924 bytes, checksum: c9b0310dc577033f94a302cd943527c1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Disagreement in oral interaction has been studied by researchers from several fields of knowledge and in different contexts. Some investigate its occurrence in casual conversation, others are concerned about disagreement in institutional talk. In Brazil, the existing studies are restricted to analyses of the organizational structure of disagreement and its position in the conversation. However, to my knowledege, except for Pertaki´s research (2005), no other proposal has dealt with examining the role played by discourse disagreement within communicative purpose. The disagreement study in daily conversations has been associated with the conversation analysis research (POMERANTZ 1984), as well as the Politeness Theory (BROWN and LEVINSON 1987). Both approaches show differences between them, but there are convergent points between them: both accept the fact that conversational exchanges strive to maintain and increase the complicity among the participants involved. However, this objective seems to happen in the conversation-among-peers data, but not in other contexts. On the other hand, the extent of face threat or dispreference involved therein is, indubitably, connected to the demands of the situational and cultural contexts of the speech event in which the act occurs (BLUM-KULKA 1997; REES-MILLER 2000). As a contribution to this study, this research examines 1043 conversational interlocutions that occurred in a meeting containing eight members of a real estate brokerage firm, in order to analyze the discourse function of the disagreement in the context of power institutionally. The study has the theoretical-methodological and interdisciplinary support formed by Conversation Analysis assumptions, Theory of Politeness (BROWN; LEVINSON, 1987), Critical Linguistics, (FOWLER et al., 1979) and Systemic Functional Linguistics (HALLIDAY, 1994; 2004). The analyses show complex sequences of disagreement made implicitly and explicitly, according to the legitimization of professional identity; the defense of personal interests and dissatisfaction with the working philosophy of the company / O desacordo na interação oral tem sido objeto de estudo de pesquisadores de várias áreas do conhecimento e em diferentes contextos. Alguns investigam sua ocorrência na conversa casual; outros se preocupam com o desacordo na conversa institucional. No Brasil, os trabalhos existentes se restringem a análises da estrutura organizacional do desacordo e sua posição na conversa. Porém, pelo que nos consta, a não ser o trabalho de Petraki (2005), nenhuma proposta tem se preocupado em examinar a função discursiva desempenhada pelo desacordo no propósito comunicativo. O estudo do desacordo tem sido associado ao trabalho de Análise da Conversa (POMERANTZ 1984), bem como à Teoria da Polidez (BROWN e LEVINSON 1987). As duas abordagens apresentam diferenças entre si, mas há pontos de convergência entre elas: ambas aceitam o fato de que as trocas conversacionais esforçam-se para manter e aumentar a cumplicidade entre os participantes envolvidos. Porém, essa meta parece acontecer nos dados na conversa entre íntimos, mas não em outros contextos. Por outro lado, o grau de ameaça-a-face ou de despreferência aí envolvidos está, de modo inegável, ligado às exigências do contexto situacional e cultural do evento da fala em que o ato ocorre (BLUM-KULKA 1997; REES-MILLER 2000). Como forma de contribuir para esse estudo, esta pesquisa examina 1043 interlocuções conversacionais, ocorridas em uma reunião de trabalho entre oito membros de uma empresa de corretagem de imóveis, a fim de analisar a função discursiva do desacordo, num contexto de poder atribuído institucionalmente. O estudo tem o suporte teórico-metodológico interdisciplinar formado pelos pressupostos da Análise da Conversa; da Teoria da Polidez (BROWN; LEVINSON, 1987); da Linguística Crítica (FOWLER et al., 1979); e da Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional (HALLIDAY, 1994; 2004). As análises mostram sequências complexas de desacordo, realizadas de forma explícita e implícita, em função da legitimação de identidade profissional; da defesa de interesses pessoais; e da insatisfação com a filosofia de trabalho da empresa

Bakgrund: Digitalisering har förändrat hur vi möts, var vi möts och hur våra möten uttrycks. Arbetsmöten förekommer i alla organisationer och då många arbetsuppgifter inte längre är bundna till en särskild geografisk plats hålls arbetsmöten i allt större utsträckning digitalt. Med allt fler digitala arbetsmöten ställs således organisationer inför nya möjligheter såväl som utmaningar och tidigare forskning menar att organisationer behöver anpassa sig till den nya digitala arbetsmiljön, inte minst rollen som m tesledare. Vad som behöver anpassas och hur det ska göras framgår dock inte, men är av stor relevans att förstå. Studien avser därför att kartlägga vilka faktorer i ett digitalt arbetsmöte som är avgörande för att det digitala arbetsmötet ska bli välfungerande. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att skapa ökad förståelse för det digitala arbetsmötet genom att belysa dess utmaningar och möjligheter, samt förklara hur rollen som m tesledare anpassas till ett digitalt mötessammanhang. Metod: Denna tvärsnittsstudie har en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi med utgångspunkt i ett realistiskt perspektiv. Studiens empiri har samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med åtta ledare med god vana av digitala arbetsmöten. Slutsats: Det digitala arbetsmötet medför resursbesparing i form av tid och pengar, en flexibel arbetsplats samt en mer demokratisk möjlighet att delta. Samtidigt identifieras vana, mötesplats, val av kommunikationsverktyg, störningar och brus, avsaknad av kroppsspråk och relationsskapande som det digitala arbetsmötets stora utmaningar. Det välfungerande digitala arbetsmötet är således ett möte där de identifierade utmaningarna har reducerats eller allra helst eliminerats och på så sätt skapat rätt förutsättningar för både mötesdeltagare och mötesledaren. För att ett digitalt möte ska vara välfungerande fordras ett anpassat mötesledarskap, vana och erfarenhet, fungerande teknik, rika kommunikationsverktyg, engagemang samt riktlinjer. / Background: Digitalization has changed how we meet, where we meet and how our meetings are expressed. Meetings occur in all organizations and since many work tasks are no longer tied to a specific geographical location, meetings are increasingly being held in a digital format. As more meetings become digital, organizations are faced with new opportunities as well as challenges. Previous research suggests that organizations need to adapt to the new work environment, not least the role of a meeting leader. What needs to be adapted and how it needs to be done is not stated, however, it is of great relevance to explain. The study therefore aims to identify which factors in a digital work meeting are important for its well-functioning. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of the digital meeting by highlighting its challenges and opportunities, and to explain how the role of a meeting leader is adapted to a digital meeting context. Methodology: This cross-sectional study has a qualitative approach based on a realistic perspective. The empirical data has been collected through semi-structured interviews with eight managers with experience of digital work meetings. Conclusion: The digital work meeting saves resources in the form of time and money, a flexible workplace and a more democratic opportunity to participate. At the same time, the experience, meeting place, choice of communication tools, disturbance, lack of body language and relationship creation are identified as the major challenges. The well-functioning digital work meeting is thus a meeting where the identified challenges have been reduced or, most preferably, eliminated, creating the right conditions for both meeting participants and the meeting leader. A well-functioning digital meeting requires an adapted meeting leadership, experience, working technology, rich communication tools, commitment and guidelines.

À partir de l’analyse des relations interentreprises dans le secteur du bâtiment, cette thèse interroge les difficultés de coopération et de création de règles communes sur un chantier de construction.Ce travail porte sur un sujet important, au regard à la fois du poids économique de l’objet de recherche empirique et des enjeux contemporains du travail en réseau, du recours à la sous-traitance et à des travailleurs détachés. Cette thèse propose une lecture originale de la sécurité au travail, en déplaçant le regard de la conception duale de la sécurité réglée et gérée vers un processus de sécurisation des actions. Son principal apport est de montrer ce qu’est « agir en sécurité » : il ne s’agit pas seulement d’appliquer des procédures affichées ou de respecter des règles mises en action mais surtout de régulation entre une pluralité de sources normatives.Ce travail s’appuie sur la théorie de la régulation sociale. Initialement conçus pour analyser des organisations de type taylorienne, ces outils conceptuels se sont révélés pertinents pour étudier des organisations en réseau de sous-traitance. Ainsi, nous avons décrit les relations de travail, en particulier la sous-traitance et la cotraitance et les effets de ces relations sur la coopération au travail en matière de sécurité. L’objectif est de proposer une réflexion sur les transformations de l’organisation des régulations de la sécurité du et au travail et sur la place de la sous-traitance dans ce processus. Autrement dit, c’est uneréflexion sur la forme des liens sociaux qui participent à la sécurité, à l’action collective en situation de travail en réseaux. / This thesis addresses the difficulties of cooperation and the elaboration of common rules between multiple firms that work on a same construction yard.This work focuses on an important topic, considering both the economic approach brought by of the empirical research subject and the contemporary issues with network firms, outsourcing organizations and posted workers.This thesis proposes an original approach of workplace safety, by shifting the focus from the dual concept of regulated and managed security to a process of safety control actions.The main contribution of this study concerns the process of "acting safe": which is not only about applying and creating procedures or rules but also about control between a set of normative bodies. This thesis relies on the theory of social regulation and control. This theory was originally built to analyze Taylorist-type organizations, and it has proved its effectiveness in studyingnetworked outsourcing organizations. These conceptual tools have proved to be relevant for studying network firms and outsourcing organizations.Thus, we have described the work coordination and cooperation, between firms that are related with subcontracting and co-contracting commitment. The target is to evaluate safety.The purpose is to propose a system thinking approach of safety control at work within a set outsourcing company.In other words, this study aims to describe forms of social links that contribute to safety at a workplace.