The causes of musculoskeletal disorders, at present affecting a considerable pro-portion of the adult population and leading to poor posture, are to be looked for as early as in childhood. In recent decades an enormous increase in poor posture in the children of younger and older school-age has occurred, which is in most cases the result of a bad lifestyle. The lack of physical activity, an inappropriate school regime, unsuitable school furniture or heavy backpacks the children carry on their backs every day are the in-fluencing factors. Another aspect that can lead to poor posture in children is a relatively high number of children with flat feet. An inappropriate lifestyle and one-sidedness of modern life also leads to obesity and thus the restriction of movement in children. In my thesis I focused on poor posture in pupils of selected primary schools in the district of Příbram. The monitored group was children aged 8-15 years, attending 3-9 primary school grades. The purpose of my diploma thesis was to assess the prevalence of poor posture in primary school pupils in relation to their lifestyle and physical activity, to survey the risk factors leading to poor posture in these children, and to map the connection of poor posture in primary school children with prevalence of flat feet in children. In relation to the purpose I stated three hypotheses, assuming that children with a wrong lifestyle and an insufficient physical activity are more prone to poor posture, that the children influenced by more risk factors suffer more often from musculoskeletal disorders and poor posture and also that the children with flat feet are more predisposed to poor posture. To conduct the research, I chose the methodology of quantitative descriptive study through questionnaires. The research was carried out in two schools differently specialized, one of the schools is focused on mathematics and computer science and implements the program the Health Promoting School (Primary School Jiráskovy sady in Příbram), the second is focused on sports, particularly volleyball (Primary School Pod Svatou Horou Příbram). A total of 340 children from both schools were addressed by identical question-naires. The questionnaire was anonymous and the questions were directed primarily at these children lifestyle assessment. The questionnaire contained 37 questions in total, focused primarily on the principles of healthy lifestyle, physical activity, leisure activi-ties, school furniture, the school work regime and the prevalence of poor posture and flat feet. The return rate of the completed questionnaires was 85,3%, which means 290 questionnaires from the two schools. Based on the results from the completed questionnaires, I compared the two groups of examined pupils in terms of their compliance with the principles of healthy lifestyle, the prevalence of poor posture and the prevalence of flat feet.

Bakgrund: Under 1980-talet uppdagades en problematik kring att den offentliga sjukvårdens verksamhetsstyrning var för kostsam och där förtroendet för professionella yrkesgrupper gavs för stort utrymme. Detta resulterade i en ny verksamhetsstyrning i form av New Public Management som bidrog till ökad kontroll inom den offentliga sjukvården där målstyrning och ekonomisk granskning fick större utrymme. Innan New Public Management byggde kontroll- och arbetsregimer på ett förtroende men genom den nya verksamhetsstyrningen förändrades kontrollregimerna i syfte att styra och kontrollera de professionella.  Syfte: Studiens syfte är att få en djupare förståelse för hur offentligt anställda sjuksköterskor upplever att en verksamhetsstyrning byggd på New Public Management påverkar deras profession och yrkesidentitet i den vardagliga praktiken.  Metod: Studiens tillvägagångssätt har varit en kvalitativ fallstudie. Det empiriska materialet har inhämtats genom fem semistrukturerade intervjuer med sjuksköterskor inom den offentliga sjukvården på Gotland. Slutsatser: Studien visar att införandet av en verksamhetsstyrning byggd på New Public Management förändrat kontrollregimen genom olika kontrollsystem vilket har medfört en förändring i sjuksköterskornas arbetsregim. Vi kan se att kontrollregimer påverkar och organiserar arbetsregimerna och därmed sätter ramarna och villkoren för sjuksköterskornas profession och yrkesidentitet i det vardagliga arbetet. / Background: During the 1980s a problem was discovered that the public healthcare operations management was too costly and where the trust for the professionals was given too much space. This resulted in a new form of governance in the form of New Public Management, which contributed to increased control in the public healthcare where goal management and financial auditing were given more space. Before New Public Management control and work regimes were based on trust, but through the new operations management, the control regimes were changed in order to regulate and control the professionals. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to gain a deeper understanding of how public sector nurses experience that operations management based on New Public Management affects their profession and professional identity in everyday practice. Methodology: The study's approach has been a qualitative case study. The empirical material has been obtained through five semi-structured interviews with nurses in public healthcare in Gotland. Conclusions: The study shows that the introduction of an operations management based on New Public Management changed the control regime through different control systems, which has changed the nurses work regime. The study's result shows that control regimes influence and organize the work regimes, thereby setting the framework and conditions for the nurses profession and professional identity in everyday work.