Cas à part dans le cinéma britannique contemporain, depuis 30 ans la société de production Working Title Films connaît un succès régulier sur la scène internationale. Son box-office cumulé se compte en milliards de dollars pour une centaine de longs métrages, qui lui ont valu des dizaines d'Oscars et de BAFTA, ainsi que quelques distinctions à Cannes, Berlin ou Venise. Ce succès attire pourtant les critiques de certains commentateurs, qui lui reprochent de se laisser submerger par les conventions du cinéma hollywoodien et de manquer d'ambitions culturelles, notamment à cause de son contrat avec la major Universal et de ses stratégies de distribution. Ils déplorent les représentations stéréotypées de la « britannicité » de certains de ses films, à l'instar des comédies de Richard Curtis ou de Rowan Atkinson. En effet, si Working Title a débuté avec un film audacieux, My Beautiful Laundrette (Stephen Frears, 1985), son premier grand succès commercial est Four Weddings and a Funeral (Mike Newell, 1994). Néanmoins, malgré leurs ambitions commerciales mondiales, Tim Bevan et Eric Fellner, les directeurs de Working Title, revendiquent leur britannicité et une « sensibilité européenne ». Celle-ci est concrétisée par un partenariat avec PolyGram Filmed Entertainment puis avec StudioCanal. Cette dimension transnationale – plutôt que transatlantique – n'est pas sans influence sur les films eux-mêmes, et concourt également à leur succès international. Plusieurs intrigues mettent même en scène des relations interculturelles. Les films affichent des stratégies de compromis entre spécificité culturelle et universalité, avec des équilibres changeants. En effet, on ne peut nier la diversité déconcertante de la filmographie, tant du point de vue des contenus culturels que du degré de créativité. Working Title collabore avec des réalisateurs britanniques d'horizons variés, comme Richard Curtis, Stephen Frears, Edgar Wright ou Joe Wright. De plus, elle franchit souvent les frontières nationales, essentiellement outre-Atlantique, en particulier grâce à son partenariat avec les frères Coen, mais aussi en Australie, en Afrique du Sud ou dans d'autres pays européens. Tout cela place donc Working Title au cœur des débats sur les enjeux du cinéma britannique actuel, concernant son identité (cinéma national / post-national), l'équilibre entre les aspects économiques et artistiques, les relations avec Hollywood, ou encore le rôle des politiques culturelles. Ainsi, cette thèse tâche de comprendre l'évolution et le succès de cette société phare du cinéma britannique, en s'attachant autant à l'étude de son fonctionnement (partenariats, développement, production, distribution) qu'à l'analyse textuelle de ses films. / A unique entity in today's British film industry, production company Working Title Films has been responsible for many international hits since its creation in 1984. Its films have earned billions of dollars, and they have won many film awards, including dozens of Academy Awards and BAFTA Awards, but also accolades in Cannes, Berlin or Venice. Yet, some commentators criticize Working Title for being excessively influenced by Hollywood, hence lacking cultural ambitions. They blame the company's partnership with Universal and underline that some of its films broadcast a stereotypical view of Britishness, especially successful comedies by Richard Curtis, or the ones starring Rowan Atkinson. Indeed, the company's first film was My Beautiful Laundrette (Stephen Frears, 1985), a creative, committed film, but its more recent films tend to be more mainstream and its first international hit was Four Weddings and A Funeral (Mike Newell, 1994). However, Working Title seems to draw some of its strength from its British identity. Tim Bevan and Eric Fellner, the two producers behind Working Title, also defend its “European sensibility”. The latter is reinforced by a partnership with PolyGram Filmed Entertainment in the nineties, and then with StudioCanal. So it is a transnational rather than a transatlantic company. Its films are transnational too, and some plots even include intercultural relationships. They use various strategies to broaden their audience, such as crossover and polysemy, and they try to balance cultural specificity with universality. However, most importantly, one cannot deny the incredible diversity of the films – regarding both their national identity and their level of creativity. Therefore, Working Title offers a fascinating case study to learn more about the issues of British cinema, about its identity (national / post-national cinema), the balance between art and industry, its relationship with Hollywood, and the role of cultural policies. In other words, this dissertation will study the evolution of Working Title Films, focusing on its methods, its strategies and also on the textual analysis of its diverse films, as a way to investigate contemporary British cinema and its issues.

This thesis seeks to better understand the relationship of film genre to globalization through an examination of the use of the British romantic comedy and other related genres by the production company Working Title Films (WTF) from the 1900s through the 2000s. Because of the sudden and unexpected global success of British romantic comedies by Working Title Films such as Four Weddings and a Funeral and Notting Hill, the 1990s is a significant period for the study of the genre. In this examination the process of globalization is understood as one of complex connectivity postulated by John Tomlinson in Globalization and Culture as ‘the rapidly developing and ever-densening network of interconnections and interdependences that characterize modern social life’. This theory of globalization is used as a methodological framework to understand the complex network of global and local interconnections that has driven the development of Working Title Films over the past twenty five years to becoming one of the most important British production companies in the international film industry. Through a detailed analysis of the practices of development, production, distribution and exhibition by Working Title Films and the Hollywood dominated global film industry, this thesis seeks to understand the function of genre and genre films as cultural products, economic products and meaningful representations in the global market and to better understand Hollywood, mainstream film and cinema as social institution. The analysis in the following chapters serves as evidence to support the central argument of this thesis that the use of genre in the film industry’s production, distribution and exhibition processes of globalization was the critical area for Working Title Films to master in order to produce value as meaningful audience appeal and connectivity to global audiences for on-going economic success.