The study hypothesizes that the working class have evolved a distinctive life style, in terms of stable and recurring activity and behaviour patterns. It is argues that thorough knowledge and understanding of these patterns can provide meaningful design requirements for the planning of new residential areas or for the redevelopment of the present "grey" areas in central cities. A review of literature pertinent to the working class and low income housing suggested that the housing priorities of the working class revolve first around attaining home ownership and secondly around locating conveniently near basic contacts, that is, work, stores and friends and relatives. Without an adequate supply of low income housing, the possibilities of home ownership are negligible. Thus, the thesis investigated two obstacles hindering increases in the low income housing supply. They are: (1) the hesitancy to accept non-convential construction techniques and (2) the lack of governmental initiative in creating direct increases to low income housing supply. In general terms, it is suggested that large scale industrialized building will provide a promising solution to the problem of high housing costs but also that, in accepting mass system housing, the necessity of thoroughly studying the people for whom the housing is constructed must be recognized. Innovative governmental programs, for example, the turn-key techniques, show possibilities of satisfying the high priority need of the working class, that is, the security of tenure or more simply, home ownership. The literature reviewed also indicated that the locational preferences of the working class were dependent upon transportation availability and costs to work, the nearness to employment opportunities and the convenience to social, commercial and other local facilities. These factors are, therefore, considered important requisites in the location of low income housing. A study of working class activity and behaviour involved an appraisal of their attitudes and preferences. A short over-view of existing literature investigating working class attitudes in the areas of the family, the home, the neighbourhood and consumer behaviour is presented. The primary analysis involved a detailed study of working class activities and behaviour. Basically four studies were used to document the stable and routine activity patters of the working class. The use of information culled from these studies is subject to many limitations. However, it is felt that the material does indicate several spatially significant working class activity patterns. A comparison of activities and existing physical planning criteria is used to suggest the areas of compatability and conflict between the activities and the criteria. The comparison also gives evidence of characteristic working class activities that are not generally considered in terms of the spatial arrangements that the activities suggest. It is suggested that the descriptive evidence provided is sufficient to indicate the distinctiveness of working class activities and behaviour. From a planning point of view, the implications derived from the spatial patterning of their activities suggest distinctive design criteria for the planning of low income working class communities. To conclude, planning which focuses on integrating the surrounding neighbourhood and the local facilities with the home area would accommodate the familiar activity patterns of the working class. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

Transition areas located at the fringes of Central Business Districts are, in most cities, one of the important residential location options for the lowest income groups. The dynamics of city growth result in a process of abandonment of those areas by the high income groups and occupation by the poor; most neighborhoods in those areas have a low level of housing maintenance and low rental values. Some housing programs, such as NIP, RRAP, attempt to improve the housing conditions of the poor by upgrading the housing stock in those areas. It is felt that, by subsidizing housing repairs and neighbohood improvement programs, two objectives can be achieved: better housing for the poor and neighborhood stability. At the same time, there is evidence in some North American cities of a reversal of the suburbanization process: some medium-to-high income groups which traditionally tend to locate in suburban areas, now are locating in old-central neighborhoods. The houses are extensively renovated, and some of these areas are gradually becoming new middle-to-high class residential districts. This trend raises some concern with respect to the effects of this process on low-income residential options. Although there is some evidence that the gentrification process may produce dislocation problems for the poor, there seems to be little agreement as to the significance of this problem and the type of housing policies that would be more appropriate to ensure adequate housing for the poor in areas undergoing gentrification. This research has four major objectives: 1) To identify the role of transition areas on low-income residential location. 2) To identify those variables that can explain the gentrification process in central neighborhoods. 3) To assess the effects of gentrification, particularly on low-income residential location options. 4) To assess the effects of housing and neighborhood improvement subsidies on low-income location in gentrifying areas. The method chosen was that of theoretical research. A review of different bodies of location theory was used to derive a conceptual location model which combines economic, socio-ecologic and dynamic components of residential location. The model, in turn, was applied to analyze the four research areas listed in the objectives. As a general conclusion drawn from the analysis, it is suggested that the gentrification process defines a planning situation characterized by conflicting goals and long-term uncertainty. The analysis provided some insight as to the type of uncertainty involved, the nature of the goals conflict, and some indicators that can be useful for housing policy in gentrifying areas. Since the gentrification process appears to be very recent in Canada, most of the evidence presented- in this research is based on US literature. However, the approach taken has attempted to focus on those variables that would appear to be more applicable to the Canadian scene. The model presented in this research can be used for a number of planning purposes, one of which is measuring and understanding the occurrence and significance of gentrification in Canadian cities. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

During its formative years Vancouver appeared to offer unusual; potential for land and home ownership to its blue collar workers. The coincidental growth of the city's streetcar system with that of the early population itself, gave settlers of moderate means greater housing choice than that available to workers in the older cities of central Canada. The large supply of residential land opened up by the streetcar favoured the spread of detached family homes in the suburbs, in contrast to the attached and semi-detached dwellings characteristic of the older pedestrian city, which housed many Canadian urban workers. The study examines the availability of residential land and the extent to which it benefitted Vancouver working men prior to 1914. Vancouver's early real estate market however, was subject to speculative swings which constrained opportunities for blue collar land ownership. Initially, virtually all residential land was in the hands of the C.P.R. and a few B.C. entrepreneurs who together, fostered a speculative land market in the city. The records of early land companies, and after 1900, the real estate pages of Vancouver dailies, record the rapidly rising price of residential land in workingmen's areas as investors and speculators traded blocks and further out, acreage, among themselves. Land prices dropped temporarily during the depression of the mid 1890s but tax sales and auctions mainly benefitted those with the capital to ride out economic malaise. During the massive wave of immigration between 1904 and 1913, rising urban land costs and speculation in suburban land were endemic to Canada's rapidly growing cities. In Vancouver however, land values rose faster than elsewhere, culminating in the real estate boom of 1909-12. During this period, economic security for many workers was precarious. Seasonal as well as cyclical unemployment was a feature of the city's lumber manufacturing and construction industries. A large Asian minority added to the general preponderance of single male migrants in the city produced a labour surplus; and high hourly wages were offset by the high costs of living in the city. As Vancouver's population climbed after 1904, suburban settlement began to take shape. Two residential areas which attracted workingmen--Hillcrest and Grandview, are examined in some detail to determine the nature of the settlement process and, where assessment rolls are available, early land holding patterns. In general, large areas of both suburbs were owned by investors/speculators until 1909. By 1912 almost half the lots in Grandview and Hillcrest still remained undeveloped although rooming houses and small apartment blocks could be found near the streetcar lines. Turnover among Grand-view residents was high and a large minority did not yet own homes, a reflection of the volatile land market in the city. With the exception of a few years during the late 1880s and early 1900s, the struggle for home ownership in Vancouver differed little from the struggle in most Canadian cities. / Arts, Faculty of / Geography, Department of / Graduate

Au croisement des sciences sociales et du cinéma, de la recherche et de la pratique artistique, cette thèse comprend deux volets : un film et un texte.Tourné au cours d'une recherche de cinq années en immersion dans les quartiers populaires de la ville des Mureaux, à proximité de l'usine Renault de Flins, le film De cendres et de braises (long-métrage documentaire) propose un portrait, à la fois sensible et politique, de cette banlieue ouvrière en mutation. Allant à la rencontre de ses habitants, il nous invite à écouter leurs paroles. Qu'elles soient douces, révoltées ou chantées, au pied des tours de la cité, à l'entrée de l'usine ou à côté d'un feu, celles-ci révèlent des subjectivités aussi bien intimes que politiques.Le texte, qui accompagne le film, contextualise le terrain de la recherche. Nourri du récit des habitants rencontrés, il revisite l'histoire de ces quartiers, à la croisée de l'histoire ouvrière, de l'immigration et de l'urbanisation. Il revient sur l'expérience et la fabrication du film, et notamment, sur la mise en scène de la parole et ses enjeux. Proposant une approche à la fois pratique et théorique du cinéma documentaire, cette recherche-création s'interroge ainsi sur les contours et les possibles d'un cinéma de recherche. Là où un « partage du sensible » (Rancière) pourrait permettre d'autres formes de politique. / At the intersection of social sciences and cinema, research and artistic practice, this PhD thesis has two components: a film and a text.Shot during a five years immersion research in the neighborhoods of Les Mureaux town (France), close to Renault factory in Flins, the film Ash and Ember (documentary feature film) offers a poetic and political portrait of this working-class suburb. Meeting his inhabitants, it invites us to listen to their words. Be it soft, rebellious or sung, down the buildings, at the entrance of the factory, or next to a fire, they reveal both intimate and political subjectivities.The text accompanying the film contextualizes the field of research. Nourished with life stories of Les Mureaux people, it revisits the history of these neighborhoods, at the crossroads of labor, immigration and urbanization history. It reviews the experience and the making of the film with the inhabitants, and in particular, the “mise en scène” of theirs words and its stakes.As a practical and theoretical approach of documentary filmmaking, this research-creation examines the contours and possibilities of a research cinema. When a "sharing of the sensitive"(Jacques Rancière) could allow other forms of politics.

En partant d'une recherche filmique sur les jeunes et l'amour dans un quartier populaire, cette thèse, entre sciences sociales et cinéma, recherche et création, soulève une question de société - comment les jeunes composent avec les normes sociales imposées par leurs groupes d'appartenance ? - et une question de cinéma - en quoi le détour par la fiction et l'improvisation permet d'enquêter sur des réalités sociales et d'imaginer d'autres façons de travailler avec les enquêtés ?Elle est basée sur une enquête ethnographique de plusieurs années dans un quartier ouvrier et d'immigration de la région parisienne (Les Mureaux, Yvelines), ainsi que sur des ateliers cinéma et le tournage d'un film (La cour des murmures) entre fiction et documentaire avec des jeunes habitants âgés de 15 à 20 ans.Dans cet espace où l'interconnaissance est très développée et chacun veille à sa réputation, les jeunes montrent difficilement leurs sentiments et sont souvent contraints de jouer un rôle social. Nous avons voulu étudier la spécificité de cette présentation de soi théâtrale, qui est à la fois une contrainte – l'injonction à adopter une attitude propre à la morale du quartier – et un mode de survie et de résistance, puisqu'elle permet aussi d'échapper aux regards des autres et de manière plus large aux normes sociales qui pèsent sur ces jeunes.Le film est l'occasion de créer un espace de parole privilégié qui permet la réflexivité. Il devient alors un moyen de co-construire la recherche avec les filmés et de sortir des représentations dominantes sur les jeunes des quartiers populaires.L'écrit revient sur les questions de société et les questions de cinéma qui ont habité cette recherche. Il rend compte de la pensée à l'œuvre dans le film, aussi bien sociologique que cinématographique. Il revient sur ses conditions de fabrication, ses choix de réalisation, ses inspirations théoriques, les « moments de vie cinématographiques » qui ont émergé dans cette recherche. / Starting from a filmic research on young people and love in a working-class neighborhood, this thesis, between social sciences and cinema, research and creation, raises a question of society - how young people deal with the social norms imposed by their groups of belonging? - and a question of cinema - how does the detour through fiction and improvisation allow us to investigate social realities and to imagine other ways of working with the surveyed ? It is based on a multi-year ethnographic survey in a working-class and immigration district of Paris suburbs (Les Mureaux - Yvelines), as well as on film workshops and the shooting of a film (The court of whispers) between fiction and documentary with young inhabitants aged 15 to 20 years old. In this space, where acquaintanceship is highly developed and each ensures his reputation, young people have difficulty showing their feelings and are often forced to play a social role. We wanted to study the specificity of this theatrical self-presentation, which is both a constraint - the injunction to adopt an attitude specific to the morality of the neighborhood - and a mode of survival and resistance, since it also allows to escape the eyes of others and more broadly the social norms that weigh on these young people. The film is an opportunity to create a privileged space of speech that allows reflexivity. It becomes a way of co-constructing research with the filmed and to release dominant representations of young people from working-class neighborhoods. The writing goes back to the social issues and cinema issues that have led this research. It reflects the thought in the film, both sociological and cinematographic. He goes back on his conditions of fabrication, his choices of realization, his theoretical inspirations, the "moments of cinematographic life" that emerged in this research.

No description available.

This research paper describes a working-class suburban neighborhood for the pre-WWII period 1900-1940. The data are accumulated from tax assessment records, as these are extremely accurate and contain a large variety of information suitable for this study. The main objective is to describe the characteristics of Union Park in Hamilton, Ontario, using the years 1911, 1921 and 1931 as representative of the time period. Three areas of concern were focused on: the occupational characteristics of the inhabitants, describing the inhabitants homes based on building values, and determining characteristics of construction in the area as either owner-built or speculatively built. In general the results show that the area was predominantly working-class, the homes were very cheap in relative value and that the area was primarily owner-built for the period of study. Interesting variations were observed and possible reasons for such variations are suggested. / Thesis / Bachelor of Science (BSc)

Heinrich Zille (1858-1929), an artist whose creative vision was concentrated on Berlin's working class , portrayed urban life with devastating accuracy and earthy humor. His direct and often crude rendering linked his drawing and prints with other artists who avoided sentimentality and idealization in their works.

Thesis advisor: Julia Chuang / In trying to explain the outcome of the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election, many post-election analyses focused on President Trumps’ perceived white working-class base. The idea that President Trump is an advocate for the working-class, though, is up for debate: many scholars have highlighted the ways in which President Trump is more of an advocate for the elite than for the working-class. Given President Trump’s appeal to individuals outside of the working-class, I decided to interview Trump supporters at Boston College—a campus with one of the wealthier student bodies in the nation. In my interviews, I looked for different narrative frames and discourses that my interviewees used in their articulation of their support for President Trump. I found that interviewees drew on parental influences, emphasized the value of hard work, shared narratives of victimization, and more. In addition, I learned about the large network of conservatives at Boston College. Given white working-class tropes surrounding the 2016 Election and stereotypes of college campuses as liberal echo chambers, this paper highlights the presence of conservatism on Boston College’s campus and calls for more research on the topic. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2019. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Departmental Honors. / Discipline: Sociology.

This research raises the need to rethink work as a way of organizing life in its capitalist sense in the Iberian Peninsula from the end of the 1990s to the present, due to the fact that at that time and in that space there was a particular tension between the development of neoliberalism and the scarcity and precariousness of work. I articulate this proposal from the analysis of several specific films that capture some of the fundamental tensions to understand work as a problem. There are six films linked by the approach to this issue of work from its very way of being produced: Numax presents... (Joaquín Jordà 1980) which serves as an entrance gate as an introduction and historical connection with the problems that come from the 70s; 20 years is nothing (Jordà 2005), which is a continuation of Numax presents…; The Nothing Factory (Pedro Pinho 2018); In Vanda's room (2000); and now? Lembra-me (Joaquim Pinto 2018) and Andrómedas (Clara Sanz 2020). Each of these films offers a unique angle of approach, not only from its very way of suggesting problems around work, but from how they are produced to deal with them. Here it is about work as a concrete historical phenomenon that affects and organizes people's lives. Therefore, an analysis of work in the capitalist conditions of this period is proposed. All these films, each in its own way, offer attempts that stress the very idea of ​​production, that allow us to think of ways of working beyond the capitalist model. Esta investigación plantea la necesidad de repensar el trabajo como forma de organizar la vida en su sentido capitalista en la Península Ibérica desde fines de los años 90 hasta el presente, por darse en ese tiempo y en ese espacio una tensión particular entre el desarrollo del neoliberalismo y la escasez y la precarización del trabajo. Esta propuesta la articulo a partir del análisis de varias películas concretas que captan algunas de las tensiones fundamentales para entender el trabajo como problema. Son seis películas vinculadas por el abordaje de esta cuestión del trabajo desde su misma manera de producirse: Numax presenta… (Joaquín Jordà 1980) que sirve de pórtico de entrada a modo de introducción y conexión histórica con los problemas que vienen de los 70; 20 años no es nada (Jordà 2005), que supone una continuación de Numax presenta…; La fábrica de nada (Pedro Pinho 2018); En el cuarto de Vanda (2000); E agora? Lembra-me (Joaquim Pinto 2018) y Andrómedas (Clara Sanz 2020). Cada una de estas películas ofrece un ángulo de aproximación singular, no sólo desde su forma misma de sugerir problemas en torno al trabajo, sino desde cómo se producen para hacerse cargo de ellos. Aquí se trata del trabajo como fenómeno histórico concreto que afecta y organiza la vida de las personas. Por eso, se plantea un análisis del trabajo en las condiciones capitalistas de este periodo. Todas estas películas, cada una a su manera, ofrecen tentativas que tensionan la idea misma de producción, que permiten pensar en formas de trabajar más allá del modelo capitalista.