A new design of dual-functional polyurea microcapsules was proposed for chronic wound dressings to provide both non-leaching infection control and sustained topical drug delivery functionalities. Quaternary ammonium functionalized polyurea microcapsules (MCQs) were synthesized under mild conditions through an interfacial crosslinking reaction between branched polyethylenimine (PEI) and 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI) in a dimethylformamide/cyclohexane emulsion. An in-situ modification method was developed to endow non-leaching surface antimicrobial properties to MCQs via bonding antimicrobial surfactants to surface isocyanate residues on the polyurea shells. The resultant robust MCQs with both non-leaching antimicrobial properties and sustained drug releasing properties have potential applications in medical textiles, such as chronic wound dressings, for infection control and drug delivery.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1984.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1984.

No / Wound pain, odour and exudate have a major impact on patient quality of life. Understanding the management of these core components of wound healing is essential if patient outcomes are to be optimised. This paper discusses the role and types of exudate, the impact of high viscosity exudate on management and what to consider when selecting an appropriate dressing with the aim of restoring a satisfactory moist wound environment for healing.

No / The increasing prevalence of chronic wounds has significant financial implications for nations with advanced healthcare provision. Although the diseases that predispose to hard-to-heal wounds are recognized, their etiology is less well understood, partly because practitioners in wound management lack specialized diagnostic support. Prognostic indicators for healing may be inherent to wound biochemistry but remain invisible under routine clinical investigation; lactate is an example of this. In this study, lactate concentration in exudate obtained from 20 patients undergoing wound management in hospital was variable but in some cases approached or exceeded 20 mM. In vitro viability studies indicated that fibroblasts and endothelial cells tolerated low levels of lactate (1-10 mM), but cell viability was severely compromised by high lactate concentrations (=20 mM). Scratched monolayer experiments revealed that cell migration was affected earlier than viability in response to increasing lactate dose, and this was shown by immunocytochemistry to be associated with cytoskeletal disruption. A prototype enzyme-based colorimetric assay for lactate generating a color change that was rapid in the context of clinical practise, and capable of functioning within a gel vehicle, was developed with point-of-care dipstick applications in mind. A randomized single-blinded trial involving 30 volunteers and using a color chart to calibrate the assay demonstrated that lactate concentration could be reliably estimated with 5 mM precision; this suggesting that "physiological" and "pathological" lactate concentration could be distinguished. The present data suggest that a dipstick-type colorimetric assay could comprise a viable diagnostic tool for identifying patients at-risk from high-wound lactate.

No / Lower limb ulcers (LLU) are a common manifestation of long-standing vascular disease and may be exacerbated by trauma or dependency. Ulcers can be grouped according to the underlying aetiology with approximately 76% due to venous disease, 22% due to arterial and 5% occurring as a complication of diabetes. In up to 20% of patients there is some crossover where a mixed picture is present. / BioMonde

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