Little is known about writing development among English as a second language (ESL) and monolingual children. The “simple view of reading” (Gough & Tunmer, 1986; Juel 1988) and “component” models (Joshi & Aaron, 2000) were used as theoretical frameworks in this investigation of story writing development of ESL and monolingual children from grades 4 to 6. This longitudinal study (a) compared the narratives composed by ESLs and monolinguals and (b) examined the nature of the language, cognitive, and reading variables that predict writing in these groups. Reading and writing skills were conceptualized in terms of lower order, word-level components, and higher order, text-level components. The study involved 57 monolinguals and 121 ESLs from various language backgrounds, who had attended English speaking schools since grade 1. Based on the Test of Written Language (TOWL, Hammill & Larsen, 1996) three aspects of narrative writing were analyzed: writing mechanics, writing syntax, and overall story quality. Monolinguals and ESLs were similar on the cognitive, linguistic, word- and text-level reading and writing measures, but ESL performance was lower on vocabulary and reading comprehension across all three grades. Narrative writing in monolinguals and ESLs alike was predicted by syntactic skills, word-level skills (decoding and spelling) and text-comprehension. Nonverbal reasoning and phonological processing significantly predicted writing performance for monolinguals only. Overall, writing mechanics, writing syntax, and story quality all grew significantly across grades. However, only story quality demonstrated significantly different patterns of growth across students, but this difference was not explained by any of the predictors. Importantly, despite having weaker vocabulary and reading comprehension skills, ESLs’ narratives did not differ from monolinguals on mechanics, syntax, and overall story quality. The findings have implications for assessment and instruction of writing in both groups, provide additional evidence that reading comprehension and writing skills share common underlying processes, and suggest that skills that determine reading success can be used to flag possible writing weaknesses in both groups. Despite the effect of L2 status on vocabulary and reading comprehension, ESLs demonstrated similar narrative writing skills to monolingual peers.

Little is known about writing development among English as a second language (ESL) and monolingual children. The “simple view of reading” (Gough & Tunmer, 1986; Juel 1988) and “component” models (Joshi & Aaron, 2000) were used as theoretical frameworks in this investigation of story writing development of ESL and monolingual children from grades 4 to 6. This longitudinal study (a) compared the narratives composed by ESLs and monolinguals and (b) examined the nature of the language, cognitive, and reading variables that predict writing in these groups. Reading and writing skills were conceptualized in terms of lower order, word-level components, and higher order, text-level components. The study involved 57 monolinguals and 121 ESLs from various language backgrounds, who had attended English speaking schools since grade 1. Based on the Test of Written Language (TOWL, Hammill & Larsen, 1996) three aspects of narrative writing were analyzed: writing mechanics, writing syntax, and overall story quality. Monolinguals and ESLs were similar on the cognitive, linguistic, word- and text-level reading and writing measures, but ESL performance was lower on vocabulary and reading comprehension across all three grades. Narrative writing in monolinguals and ESLs alike was predicted by syntactic skills, word-level skills (decoding and spelling) and text-comprehension. Nonverbal reasoning and phonological processing significantly predicted writing performance for monolinguals only. Overall, writing mechanics, writing syntax, and story quality all grew significantly across grades. However, only story quality demonstrated significantly different patterns of growth across students, but this difference was not explained by any of the predictors. Importantly, despite having weaker vocabulary and reading comprehension skills, ESLs’ narratives did not differ from monolinguals on mechanics, syntax, and overall story quality. The findings have implications for assessment and instruction of writing in both groups, provide additional evidence that reading comprehension and writing skills share common underlying processes, and suggest that skills that determine reading success can be used to flag possible writing weaknesses in both groups. Despite the effect of L2 status on vocabulary and reading comprehension, ESLs demonstrated similar narrative writing skills to monolingual peers.

The children's ways of showing interest in writing and reading in pre-school have always fascinated me. The joy and pride they show when they start writing their own doodles and then eventually go on to write real letters and words, is a joy so see.The origin of this essay is based on Dante 3.5 years old. He wants me to spell my name so he can write to me. When I mention the second letter, Dante happily says "E, that's what my name starts with! From the other direction" I am amazed by his thoughts, and my enthusiasm for his knowledge knows no bounds. In the same moment I become aware of Alma, who quietly has seen my reaction to Dante's skills. Alma, who doesn't claim the same adult attention, is also interested in letters and writing, but she performs her writing in silence. How did I respond to her knowledge? How do we at pre-school see the more silent children and how do we handle their abilities?In many ways this situation made me start thinking about children's writing and reading in pre-school, and how our responses might affect their abilities to become literate. I have asked myself questions like; Do we see all children's abilities and how do we encourage them?I have come to the conclusion that our main tool in pre-school is our adult presence and our total commitment to all activities of the children. I have during the writing of this essay always come back to the fact that children's development is dependent on our ways of meeting them, and on how we can help them to believe in their own abilities.On the basis of the literature I have read, I can also see how important it is that pre-school ensures that we really encourage children when they show interest in writing and reading. It's not really difficult. The only thing we need to bring is ourselves, our listening and a genuine interest. The children will show us the rest.

The critical introduction to this collection of short fiction argues that writing is reading and that reading is writing. The argument draws descriptions of writing as reading from such diverse sources as Sherwood Anderson, Roland Barthes, Neil Simon, J. Hillis Miller and Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, as well as from the author's own experience. Descriptions of reading from phenomenological and subjective criticism, including the theories of Georges Poulet, Wolfgang Iser, Stanley Fish and David Bleich, affirm the creative role of the reader, show that the reader, in fact, writes the text in the process of reading. The introduction concludes that reader, writer and text are all constructs of language, that both reading and writing are, ultimately and primarily, thought.

Thesis (Ed. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1996. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 457-463). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ed. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1996. / Also available on the Internet.

What might becoming a poet have to do with becoming a teacher? What might becoming a teacher have to do with becoming a poet? Is it possible to invite someone to become a teacher or a poet? What might such an invitation look like? What kinds of conditions are involved in "making poetry"? What might these conditions have to do with "making pedagogy"? Further, what might these conditions — of making poetry or pedagogy — have to do with "making research"? Based on a study of a six-week intensive language across the curriculum course involving a group of prospective Secondary School teachers, this dissertation explores the kinds of conditions that might create an interpretive location in which to entertain and address the above kinds of questions — of the making of poetry and pedagogy and research — i n all their relations. Moving backward and forward — between the lived particulars of a group of preservice teachers' writing practices in a workshop-styled setting, and the writing practice of a researcher/teacher educator/poet curious about the acts of learning and teaching, writing and researching — this work attempts to live well with the necessarily tangled relationships among literacy, aesthetic practice, and the ongoing production of subjectivity in teacher education and our educational researchings of teacher education. The value of writing practice, as this dissertation attempts to enact it, is not only in its offer of further practice — of writing to learn (about writing and teaching and researching) — but also in its offer of a location where we might become curious about the performative nature of learning itself. The dissertation seeks to show the ways that my own writing life, shaped as it is by the work of those who have brought hermeneutics, postmodernism, psychoanalytic theory, and the literary imagination to bear on teacher education, is deeply implicated with other writing lives, others who are always and already writing lives. The invitation to imagine the curious time of researching pedagogy, then, is part of an invitation to think differently about preservice teachers thinking differently about their time together in classrooms, engaged in acts of learning and teaching, writing and researching.

A pesquisa empreende uma reflexão histórica inscrita no campo científico da História da Educação, embasada teoricamente nos pressupostos da História Cultural e da história da cultura escrita e da leitura, com o uso de autores como Michel de Certeau e Roger Chartier. Seu objeto de análise situa-se no âmbito da história da imprensa de educação e ensino, e destaca a produção de impressos estudantis. Detém-se na análise de um corpus documental que corresponde a 31 exemplares da revista O Estudo, publicada entre os anos de 1922 a 1931, pelo Grêmio de Estudantes da Escola Complementar/Normal de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. E propõe a compreensão das práticas de escrita e de leitura das alunas através da publicação da revista. Para isso, a proposta de Chartier sobre a análise de práticas de escrita e de leitura se torna essencial, ou seja, estudar as relações entre o suporte, o texto e as práticas de leitura. O suporte, isto é a materialização da revista O Estudo, com sua apresentação física, sua composição gráfica e sua circulação, propagou textos que foram dispostos, impressos e publicados de maneira diversa. Também revelou os tipos de relação que a equipe de redação procurava estabelecer entre os textos e os leitores. A revista O Estudo pode ser compreendida como um produto da cultura escrita de um tempo, no contexto de uma instituição e de uma ação formativo-pedagógica. Nela o escrito se faz presente através de uma vasta produção textual, que contribuiu para uma maior circulação da palavra escrita e para suprir a demanda por material escrito. As alunas coordenaram escrita com leitura ao apresentarem textos referentes às aulas práticas, valendo-se das teorias difundidas no processo de formação e das experiências escolares. As leituras que integram a formação de professoras também estão apresentadas na publicação de textos transcritos, traduzidos e adaptados, recurso amplamente utilizado para a composição d’O Estudo. Esses usos dos textos demonstram a forma como foram apreendidos, (re)utilizados, (re)escritos e produzidos no impresso estudantil e dispostos conforme a intenção editorial das alunas. Nesse processo de composição, difusão e apropriação, a instituição escolar passa a ter um contributo significativo, pois além do processo do ensino da leitura e da escrita, também colabora através dos novos usos e práticas que faz dos impressos. A Escola lança mão da prática de escrita de um impresso em formato de revista, um artefato sociocultural existente, incluindo como prática escolar. Isto é, a Escola, e mais especificamente as alunas da Escola Complementar/Normal, manipularam, compreenderam e apreenderam a palavra escrita em circulação na sociedade e estiveram envolvidas com a produção de um impresso estudantil, incentivado como prática escolar. / The research presents a historical reflection inscribed in the scientific field of History of Education, with the purposes of Cultural History and the history of writing and reading, with the use of Michel de Certeau and Roger Chartier. His object of analysis lies in the history of education press and teaching, and highlights the production of student press. Focuses on the analysis of 31 copies of the journal O Estudo, published between the years 1922 to 1931, for the Grêmio de Estudantes da Escola Complementar/Normal Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. For this, the Chartier’s proposed on the analysis of practices of writing and reading becomes essential, ie, to study the relationships between the suport, the text and reading practices. The suport, i.e. the materialization of the journal O Estudo, with their physical presentation, graphical composition and circulation, spread texts that were arranged, printed and published in a different way. It also revealed the types of relationship that the editorial team sought to establish between texts and readers. Finally, the students produced the magazine genre in the school and encouraged the production of printed student. The journal O Estudo can be understood as a product of the culture of a time writing in the context of an institution and an action pedagogical-training. Here the writing is present across a wide textual production, which contributed to greater circulation of written words and to meet the demand for written material. The students coordinated with reading when submitting written texts related to practical lessons, using theories widespread in the educational process and school experiences. The readings in the training of teachers are also presented in the publication of texts transcribed, translated and adapted, widely used resource for the composition of O Estudo. These uses of texts demonstrate how were seized, (re)used, (re)written and produced in student press and arranged according to the intention of publishing students. In the process of composition, diffusion and appropriation, the school institution is replaced by a significant contribution, because beyond the process of teaching reading and writing, also works through new uses and practices that make the print. The school makes use of the practice of writing in a printed journal format, an sociocultural artifact, including how school practice. That is, the school, and more specifically the students of the Escola Complementar/Normal, manipulated, understood and seized the written word circulating in society and were involved with the production of a student press, encouraged as school practice.

A pesquisa empreende uma reflexão histórica inscrita no campo científico da História da Educação, embasada teoricamente nos pressupostos da História Cultural e da história da cultura escrita e da leitura, com o uso de autores como Michel de Certeau e Roger Chartier. Seu objeto de análise situa-se no âmbito da história da imprensa de educação e ensino, e destaca a produção de impressos estudantis. Detém-se na análise de um corpus documental que corresponde a 31 exemplares da revista O Estudo, publicada entre os anos de 1922 a 1931, pelo Grêmio de Estudantes da Escola Complementar/Normal de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. E propõe a compreensão das práticas de escrita e de leitura das alunas através da publicação da revista. Para isso, a proposta de Chartier sobre a análise de práticas de escrita e de leitura se torna essencial, ou seja, estudar as relações entre o suporte, o texto e as práticas de leitura. O suporte, isto é a materialização da revista O Estudo, com sua apresentação física, sua composição gráfica e sua circulação, propagou textos que foram dispostos, impressos e publicados de maneira diversa. Também revelou os tipos de relação que a equipe de redação procurava estabelecer entre os textos e os leitores. A revista O Estudo pode ser compreendida como um produto da cultura escrita de um tempo, no contexto de uma instituição e de uma ação formativo-pedagógica. Nela o escrito se faz presente através de uma vasta produção textual, que contribuiu para uma maior circulação da palavra escrita e para suprir a demanda por material escrito. As alunas coordenaram escrita com leitura ao apresentarem textos referentes às aulas práticas, valendo-se das teorias difundidas no processo de formação e das experiências escolares. As leituras que integram a formação de professoras também estão apresentadas na publicação de textos transcritos, traduzidos e adaptados, recurso amplamente utilizado para a composição d’O Estudo. Esses usos dos textos demonstram a forma como foram apreendidos, (re)utilizados, (re)escritos e produzidos no impresso estudantil e dispostos conforme a intenção editorial das alunas. Nesse processo de composição, difusão e apropriação, a instituição escolar passa a ter um contributo significativo, pois além do processo do ensino da leitura e da escrita, também colabora através dos novos usos e práticas que faz dos impressos. A Escola lança mão da prática de escrita de um impresso em formato de revista, um artefato sociocultural existente, incluindo como prática escolar. Isto é, a Escola, e mais especificamente as alunas da Escola Complementar/Normal, manipularam, compreenderam e apreenderam a palavra escrita em circulação na sociedade e estiveram envolvidas com a produção de um impresso estudantil, incentivado como prática escolar. / The research presents a historical reflection inscribed in the scientific field of History of Education, with the purposes of Cultural History and the history of writing and reading, with the use of Michel de Certeau and Roger Chartier. His object of analysis lies in the history of education press and teaching, and highlights the production of student press. Focuses on the analysis of 31 copies of the journal O Estudo, published between the years 1922 to 1931, for the Grêmio de Estudantes da Escola Complementar/Normal Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. For this, the Chartier’s proposed on the analysis of practices of writing and reading becomes essential, ie, to study the relationships between the suport, the text and reading practices. The suport, i.e. the materialization of the journal O Estudo, with their physical presentation, graphical composition and circulation, spread texts that were arranged, printed and published in a different way. It also revealed the types of relationship that the editorial team sought to establish between texts and readers. Finally, the students produced the magazine genre in the school and encouraged the production of printed student. The journal O Estudo can be understood as a product of the culture of a time writing in the context of an institution and an action pedagogical-training. Here the writing is present across a wide textual production, which contributed to greater circulation of written words and to meet the demand for written material. The students coordinated with reading when submitting written texts related to practical lessons, using theories widespread in the educational process and school experiences. The readings in the training of teachers are also presented in the publication of texts transcribed, translated and adapted, widely used resource for the composition of O Estudo. These uses of texts demonstrate how were seized, (re)used, (re)written and produced in student press and arranged according to the intention of publishing students. In the process of composition, diffusion and appropriation, the school institution is replaced by a significant contribution, because beyond the process of teaching reading and writing, also works through new uses and practices that make the print. The school makes use of the practice of writing in a printed journal format, an sociocultural artifact, including how school practice. That is, the school, and more specifically the students of the Escola Complementar/Normal, manipulated, understood and seized the written word circulating in society and were involved with the production of a student press, encouraged as school practice.

A pesquisa empreende uma reflexão histórica inscrita no campo científico da História da Educação, embasada teoricamente nos pressupostos da História Cultural e da história da cultura escrita e da leitura, com o uso de autores como Michel de Certeau e Roger Chartier. Seu objeto de análise situa-se no âmbito da história da imprensa de educação e ensino, e destaca a produção de impressos estudantis. Detém-se na análise de um corpus documental que corresponde a 31 exemplares da revista O Estudo, publicada entre os anos de 1922 a 1931, pelo Grêmio de Estudantes da Escola Complementar/Normal de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. E propõe a compreensão das práticas de escrita e de leitura das alunas através da publicação da revista. Para isso, a proposta de Chartier sobre a análise de práticas de escrita e de leitura se torna essencial, ou seja, estudar as relações entre o suporte, o texto e as práticas de leitura. O suporte, isto é a materialização da revista O Estudo, com sua apresentação física, sua composição gráfica e sua circulação, propagou textos que foram dispostos, impressos e publicados de maneira diversa. Também revelou os tipos de relação que a equipe de redação procurava estabelecer entre os textos e os leitores. A revista O Estudo pode ser compreendida como um produto da cultura escrita de um tempo, no contexto de uma instituição e de uma ação formativo-pedagógica. Nela o escrito se faz presente através de uma vasta produção textual, que contribuiu para uma maior circulação da palavra escrita e para suprir a demanda por material escrito. As alunas coordenaram escrita com leitura ao apresentarem textos referentes às aulas práticas, valendo-se das teorias difundidas no processo de formação e das experiências escolares. As leituras que integram a formação de professoras também estão apresentadas na publicação de textos transcritos, traduzidos e adaptados, recurso amplamente utilizado para a composição d’O Estudo. Esses usos dos textos demonstram a forma como foram apreendidos, (re)utilizados, (re)escritos e produzidos no impresso estudantil e dispostos conforme a intenção editorial das alunas. Nesse processo de composição, difusão e apropriação, a instituição escolar passa a ter um contributo significativo, pois além do processo do ensino da leitura e da escrita, também colabora através dos novos usos e práticas que faz dos impressos. A Escola lança mão da prática de escrita de um impresso em formato de revista, um artefato sociocultural existente, incluindo como prática escolar. Isto é, a Escola, e mais especificamente as alunas da Escola Complementar/Normal, manipularam, compreenderam e apreenderam a palavra escrita em circulação na sociedade e estiveram envolvidas com a produção de um impresso estudantil, incentivado como prática escolar. / The research presents a historical reflection inscribed in the scientific field of History of Education, with the purposes of Cultural History and the history of writing and reading, with the use of Michel de Certeau and Roger Chartier. His object of analysis lies in the history of education press and teaching, and highlights the production of student press. Focuses on the analysis of 31 copies of the journal O Estudo, published between the years 1922 to 1931, for the Grêmio de Estudantes da Escola Complementar/Normal Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. For this, the Chartier’s proposed on the analysis of practices of writing and reading becomes essential, ie, to study the relationships between the suport, the text and reading practices. The suport, i.e. the materialization of the journal O Estudo, with their physical presentation, graphical composition and circulation, spread texts that were arranged, printed and published in a different way. It also revealed the types of relationship that the editorial team sought to establish between texts and readers. Finally, the students produced the magazine genre in the school and encouraged the production of printed student. The journal O Estudo can be understood as a product of the culture of a time writing in the context of an institution and an action pedagogical-training. Here the writing is present across a wide textual production, which contributed to greater circulation of written words and to meet the demand for written material. The students coordinated with reading when submitting written texts related to practical lessons, using theories widespread in the educational process and school experiences. The readings in the training of teachers are also presented in the publication of texts transcribed, translated and adapted, widely used resource for the composition of O Estudo. These uses of texts demonstrate how were seized, (re)used, (re)written and produced in student press and arranged according to the intention of publishing students. In the process of composition, diffusion and appropriation, the school institution is replaced by a significant contribution, because beyond the process of teaching reading and writing, also works through new uses and practices that make the print. The school makes use of the practice of writing in a printed journal format, an sociocultural artifact, including how school practice. That is, the school, and more specifically the students of the Escola Complementar/Normal, manipulated, understood and seized the written word circulating in society and were involved with the production of a student press, encouraged as school practice.