The WTO Work Programme on Electronic Commerce was established to deal with the implications of E-commerce in trade in the context of the WTO Agreements. One outstanding issue within the Work Programme is the disagreement among members regarding the classification of electronically delivered products (E-products). Are they goods subject to GATT or services subject to GATS? This has significant consequences because trade liberalization in GATT and GATS works differently and the relatively free trade E-products currently enjoy could be affected depending on whether they are classified as goods or services. However, a negotiated solution among WTO members that acknowledges that these are complex products that share characteristics of both goods and services could resolve the disagreement on classification. Furthermore, a service classification consensus, provided the current trade liberalization is maintained, would be the most suitable option to ensure that trade barriers do not compromise trade in E-products. / The World Trade Organization (WTO) established the Work Program in Electronic Commerce in 1998 to address the implications of E-commerce on trade in the context of the WTO Agreements. In 1999 the Work Program members reached a consensus that the WTO-treaties with all their rights, obligations, and members’ specific commitments are applicable to E-commerce. However, many issues were not addressed and continue to be unresolved, one of those is the classification dilemma of E-products. Are they goods subject to GATT or services subject to GATS? In the meantime, in 1998, some WTO members agreed to a temporary Moratorium on the imposition of customs duties on electronic transmissions for a period of time. This Moratorium however is not permanent.

Zugl.: Giessen, Univ., Diss., 2006

Univ., Diss--London.

No abstract available. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Centre for Human Rights / unrestricted

The diploma thesis is concerned with actual negotiations within the multilateral trading system of WTO. The first chapter is focused on the topics negotiated. The second chapter focuses on Ministerial conference in 2013 and the last chapter discusses the trade dispute between Canada and the US about the mandatory labeling of foods.

Master thesis deals with the issue of agricultural liberalization in the WTO and takes into account the role of Brazil in the whole process. Brazil as a developing country and a member of the BRIC group has a strong relationship to agriculture, and so the author wondered how Brazil behaved and what wanted to support. Important to achieving the objective is to determine why Brazil holds its position and what are the reasons. At the international level, Brazil is more and more visible, and thus its attitude towards agricultural liberalization is important for other countries.

Univ., Diss.--Tübingen, 2006. / Literaturverz. S. [278] - 301.

《中華人民共和國對外貿易法》作為中國對外貿易的基本法，其制定和實施的過程皆標誌著中國對外貿易進入法制化的重要意涵，更和中國加入WTO的進程與發展有著密不可分的關係。本文嘗試透過2004年《對外貿易法》新修正的版本探究以下重點： 第一：制度性的回顧梳理。從中國進入改革開放階段推動外貿體制改革的角度出發，藉由中國對外經濟貿易理論和國際貿易的基本規則，觀察中國對外貿易法律制度的演變進展，並對其建立與變遷的過程作整體的分析與探討，尤其著重其加入WTO及其以後相關政策調整背後深刻而豐富的意涵。 第二：新舊法相互評析比較。意欲透過採取傳統之法學研究方法，來比較《新版對外貿易法》和《一九九四年版對外貿易法》。透過參照立法修法的背景、修訂議定過程、重要條文的內容、與WTO相關重要原則及承諾之聯繫強度、甚且與台灣之相關法律對照等等諸多面向的比較，來觀察在此「經濟力驅動」（economic drive）之事件作用過程之下，所形塑出的新舊法轉換及利弊得失。 第三：探究新法修訂及實施過程中與外部環境相互作用可能性。從中國中央政府的角度出發，以新版的法律規定與延伸之政策為中心，歸結出若干重要外部環境變因，例如中央與地方權力與利益的糾葛等，分析這些因素與《新版貿易法》相互影響所呈現的動態發展。 研究發現，《對外貿易法》之修訂，除為配合WTO之入會承諾，亦兼有統一法律及行政法規，乃至於中央及地方法規之目的。本法修訂後，是否合於WTO之規範要求，觀察重點似不在於規範本身，而在於實踐，可說是一「力」與「法」，「內」與「外」角力互動的過程。是以，國務院、商務部隨之所頒佈行政法規及規章是否不違反母法；執行法規在實質上有無抵觸WTO之規章；地方政府是否甘心就此束手；經濟特區、保稅區等特別經濟區之法規及執行在實質上是否抵觸WTO規章；各層級法規變動後，能否如入會議定書所規範，於一定期間內盡通知之義務等問題，均有待吾人密切注意。

The goal of this thesis is to describe the relation of trade and environment and to describe the approach of WTO to this issue. The thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter deals with the relation of trade and environment, the second chapter is about the approach of WTO to this issue and the third chapter describes environmental disputes settled in GATT/WTO.

A dissertação analisa como, ao longo do tempo, o GATT adquiriu características de instituição (North) e como seu funcionamento tornou possível a criação de uma organização internacional do comércio (OMC). / This work reports how GATT became an institution and how it made possible the creation of the WTO.