Thesis (PhD)--University of South Australia, 2003.

Thesis (PhD)--University of South Australia, 2001.

Thesis (M.S.)--Duquesne University, 2004. / Title from document title page. Abstract included in electronic submission form. Includes bibliographical references (p. 106-115 ) and index.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1998. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 161-182). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1998. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 161-182). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1981. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 239-262).

?rea de concentra??o: Produ??o vegetal. / Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-04-12T18:35:18Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) lidia_alves_antunes.pdf: 917012 bytes, checksum: b4a549d8c4b68dbfd230aee1440375df (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-04-24T17:43:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) lidia_alves_antunes.pdf: 917012 bytes, checksum: b4a549d8c4b68dbfd230aee1440375df (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-24T17:43:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) lidia_alves_antunes.pdf: 917012 bytes, checksum: b4a549d8c4b68dbfd230aee1440375df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A imers?o de mudas de eucalipto em solu??es de cupinicidas antes do plantio pode influenciar o desempenho de programas de inocula??o com fungos ectomicorr?zicos (FEM) em viveiros comerciais, pois estes inseticidas podem interferir na simbiose. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a toler?ncia de isolados de Pisolithus sp. aos cupinicidas thiamethoxam, imidacloprid e fipronil. Discos de 5 mm de meio de cultura com mic?lio dos isolados D5, D17, D95, D216, D29, D10, D15, C9C, C16 e C13 de Pisolithus sp. foram pr?-imersos em solu??es com 3 g L-1 de thiamethoxam, 7,5 g L-1 imidacloprid e 7,5 g L-1 de fipronil. Ap?s este procedimento foram colocados para crescer por 10 dias em meio de cultura Melin-Norkrans modificado (MNM). Os cupinicidas foram avaliados em experimentos independentes. Em outra s?rie de experimentos, discos 5 mm dos isolados D5, D10 e D216 foram colocados para crescer por 20 dias em meio de cultura contendo 0 (controle), 0,4; 0,8 e 1,6 g L-1 de thiamethoxam, 3; 6 e 12 g L-1 de imidacloprid e 0 (controle); 3; 6 e 12 g L-1 de fipronil. O efeito dos cupinicidas sobre fungos ectomicorr?zicos foi dependente do isolado, do princ?pio ativo, do tempo de exposi??o e da concentra??o do cupinicida. Os isolados mais tolerantes a pr?-imers?o do mic?lio nos cupinicidas foram o C9C para o thiamethoxam, o D15 para o imidacloprid e o D10 para o fipronil. Os tr?s cupinicidas foram t?xicos aos isolados de Pisolithus sp. quando estes foram adicionados ao meio de cultura. Em geral, thiamethoxam foi o menos t?xico para os isolados de Pisolithus sp.. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / The immersion eucalyptus seedlings in termiticides solutions before planting can influence the performance of inoculation programs with ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) in commercial nurseries, as these insecticides can interfere with symbiosis. Study aimed at assessing the tolerance of Pisolithus sp. isolates to the termiticides thiamethoxam, imidacloprid and fipronil. 5-mm-diameter circular sections of culture medium with the mycelial isolates D5, D17, D95, D216, D29, D10, D15, C9C, C16 and C13 Pisolithus sp. were pre-dipped in solutions with 3 g L-1 of thiamethoxam, 7.5 g L-1, 7.5 g L-1 imidacloprid and fipronil. Next were placed let grow for 10 days through the cultured on modified Melin-Norkrans (MNM) solid medium. The termiticides were through independent testing. In another series of experiments, 5-mm-diameter circular sections of culture medium with the mycelial isolates D5, D10 and D216 were placed let grow for 20 days in solid medium containing 0 (control) 0.4; 0.8 and 1.6 g L-1 thiamethoxam 3; 6; 12 g L-1 of imidacloprid and 0 (control); 3; 6; 12 g L-1 fipronil. The effect of termiticides on ectomycorrhizal fungi was dependent of isolated, of active ingredient, of exposure time and concentration of termiticide. The most tolerant isolates the pre-soaking the mycelium in termiticides were C9C for thiamethoxam, the D15 for imidacloprid and D10 for fipronil. The three termiticides were toxic to isolates Pisolithus sp. when they were added to the culture medium. In general, thiamethoxam was less toxic to isolates Pisolithus sp.

This research is part of an overall program to develop and use a suite of acute and sublethal toxicity biomarkers, and testing protocols for use in assaying potential effects of complex mixtures of xenobiotics such as found in soils containing agricultural biocides and petrochemical wastes dredged sediments, and hazardous waste sites (HWS). The purpose of this study was to evaluate four biomarkers of sublethal pathology that could be used in an integrative model of multiple toxicity endpoints with the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris.

This dissertation examines the ability of in vitro biotransformation assays to provide an indication of metabolic potential. The potential for xenobiotic compounds to bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms is expressed through the bioconcentration factor (BCF). The metabolic loss of ibuprofen, norethindrone and propranolol was measured using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) gill and liver S9 fractions, microsomes and cell suspensions. Metabolic transformation rates (kM) were extrapolated from in vitro intrinsic clearance of parent compound (CLm) and integrated into a refined BCF model. In general, CLm of test compounds was greater in liver S9 fractions and hepatocytes. However, the influence of hepatic metabolism on kM and BCF was limited by hepatic blood flow (20-25%) compared to gill blood flow (~100%). A significant difference was noted between BCF solely based on KOW and BCF including kM. These studies indicate that the inclusion of kM in BCF models can bring predicted bioconcentration estimates closer to in vivo values. Primary cell suspensions are preferred over subcellular fractions as cell suspensions possess both phase I and phase II enzyme activity. Further study was conducted on ibuprofen biotransformation pathways. As fish do not contain the same cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C homologs known to metabolize ibuprofen in mammals, it cannot be assumed that piscine biotransformation is similar. Metabolite analysis found 2-hydroxy-ibuprofen as the major metabolite in S9 and microsomal fractions. Additional assays involving the induction and inhibition of specific CYP isozymes support CYP1A2 as an alternative metabolic pathway.

I. Chloramphenicol (CAP) is a potent and selective mechanism-based inactivator of the major phenobarbital (PB)-inducible form of dog liver cytochrome P-450 (PBD-2) in vitro. In a reconstituted system, CAP inactivates PBD-2 in a time- and NADPH-dependent manner and binds covalently to the protein moiety of PBD-2 with a stoichiometry of 1 nmol CAP bound/nmol P-450 inactivated. In intact liver microsomes from PB-treated male Beagle dogs, CAP irreversibly inhibits androstenedione 16α- and 16β-hydroxylation and 2,4,5, 2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl hydroxylation but not androstenedione 6 β -hydroxylation or NADPH-dependent triacetyloleandomycin (TAO) complex formation. Covalent binding of CAP to dog liver microsomes in vitro is increased 5.5-fold by PB induction. This increase correlates well with the increased levels of immunochemically determined PBD-2 (5.8-fold) and 16α - and 16β -hydroxylation of androstenedione (5.7- and 5.8-fold) in microsomes from PB-treated dogs. Anti-PBD-2 IgG significantly inhibits the covalent binding of CAP to microsomes from untreated and PB-treated dogs. Finally, CAP appears to bind covalently with a single protein with the same molecular weight as PBD-2, as evidenced by SDS-PAGE. II. A cytochrome P-450 called PBD-1 isolated from liver microsomes of an adult male Beagle dog treated with PB is structurally and functionally similar to members of the P450IIIA gene subfamily in rat and human liver microsomes. The sequence of the first 28 amino terminal residues of PBD-1 is identical in 15 and 20 positions, respectively, to the P450IIIA forms P450p from rat and P450(NF) from human. Upon immunoblot analysis, anti-PBD-1 IgG recognizes PCNa (P450p) and PCNb (PB\PCN-E) from rat, P450(NF) from human, and two proteins in liver microsomes from untreated and PB-treated dogs. Anti-PBD-1 IgG selectively inhibits P450IIIA form marker activities, including steroid 6β -hydroxylase, erythromycin demethylase and NADPH-dependent TAO complex formation in microsomes from PB-treated dogs. Major species differences exist in the apparent K(m) for 6β -hydroxylation of androstenedione by liver microsomes from humans, untreated rats and untreated dogs. In addition, evidence for functional heterogeneity of dog P450IIIA forms is presented: pretreatment of microsomes from PB-treated dogs with TAO plus NADPH had no effect on androstenedione 6β -hydroxylase activity.