Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of St Andrews, February 2008.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Ce projet, sous le contrôle et la responsabilité de M. le Pr. Carlos Lévy, Professeur de l’Université Paris-Sorbonne, et de M. le Pr. Emidio Spinelli, professeur à l’Université de Rome La Sapienza, se propose comme objectif un travail approfondi, critique et comparatif des études de philosophie ancienne ayant Socrate comme sujet, en France et en Italie, entre 1900 et 1950. Il ne s'agit pas de poursuivre une coincidentia oppositorum, mais d'analyser une polarité dialogique en mouvement perpétuel et une altérité qui s’enrichit de la prise de conscience des différences spécifiques. Quatre leitmotive guident l'analyse des onze représentations socratiques: La Politique, introduite par un paragraphe sur Socrate et la ville d'Athènes et suivie par les interprétations de Léon Robin et George Bastide; l'Ethique, qui concerne la valeur morale du message de Socrate, développé par Antonio anfi, Jean Patocka et Piero Martinetti; la Religion, sur le problème de son « évangile avant la lettre », traité par Jean André Festugière, Michele Federico Sciacca, Ernesto Buonaiuti et Carlo Mazzantini; et le Dialegesthai, car sa façon de dialoguer devient fondamental dans les interprétations de Guido Calogero et Giuseppe Rensi. / Under the direction of Professor Carlos Lévy (Sorbonne University) and Professor Emidio Spinelli (Rome University) this dissertation provides a critical comparative study of ancient philosophy. It focuses on the perception of Socrates’s work in France and Italy between 1900 and 1950. Rather than limiting the analysis to the unity of opposites, the goal consists of exploring the perpetual, dynamic polarity inherent in the dialogue. Moreover, this study aims at emphasizing the contrast that is fueled by a growing awareness of the underlying differences. Four leitmotive guide the work of eleven Socratic representations: First, La Politique, which is introduced by a paragraph on Socrate et la ville d’Athenes and followed by the works of Léon Robin and George Bastide. Second, Etique, which focuses on the moral value of Socrates’ discourse and which is developed by Antionio Banfi, Jean Patocka and Piero Martinetti. Third, Religion, which deals with the issue of his “gospel before the written word,” discussed by Jean André Festugière, Michele Federico Sciacca, Ernesto Buonaiuti etCarlo Mazzantini. And last, Dialegesthai, because its way of communicating becomes fundamental in the works of Guido Calogero and Giuseppe Rensi.

No description available.

This thesis analyzes Books III and IV of Xenophon’s Memorabilia. The Memorabilia is Xenophon’s defense of Socrates or the philosophic life against Athens or the political community as such. In Book III, Xenophon presents six portraits of ambitious young men. These portraits, read closely, unveil the psychological nature of ambition and convey important lessons about the Socratic understanding of healthy politics, as a realm that is necessarily pious. Book IV’s four Socratic conversations with a dim-witted youth named Euthydemus both underscore the lessons of Book III and explore piety itself, as a phenomenon that is necessarily political. These sections of the Memorabilia may be read as an argument for the necessity of a fissure between healthy politics and philosophy – and as a bridge from the one to the other. / text

Inaugural dissertation -- Academia Alberta Lvdoviciana. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

This paper addresses intertextual similarities of ethnographical and geographical details in Xenophon’s Anabasis and Apollonius of Rhodes’ Argonautica and argues that these intertextualities establish a narrative timeline of Greek civilization on the Black Sea littoral. In both these works, a band of Greek travellers proceeds along the southern coast of the Black Sea, but in different directions and at vastly different narrative times. I argue that Apollonius’ text, written later than Xenophon’s, takes full advantage of these intertextualities in such a way as to retroject evidence about the landscape of the Black Sea littoral. This geographical and ethnographical information prefigures the arrival of Xenophon’s Ten Thousand in the region. By manipulating the differences in narrative time and time of composition, Apollonius sets his Argonauts up as precursors to the Ten Thousand as travellers in the Black Sea and spreaders of Greek civilization there. In Xenophon’s text, the whole Black Sea littoral becomes a liminal space of transition between non-Greek and Greek. As the Ten Thousand travel westward and get closer and closer to home and Greek civilization, they encounter pockets of Greek culture throughout the Black Sea, nestled in between swaths of land inhabited by native tribes of varying and unpredictable levels of civilization. On the other hand, in the Argonautica, Apollonius sets the Argonautic voyage along the southern coast of the Black Sea coast as a direct, linear progression from Greek to non-Greek. As the Argonauts move eastward, the peoples and places they encounter become stranger and less recognizably civilized. This progression of strangeness and foreignness works to build suspense and anticipation of the Argonauts’ arrival at Aietes’ kingdom in Colchis. However, some places have already been visited before by another Greek traveller, Heracles, who appears in both the Argonautica and the Anabasis to mark the primordial progression of Greek civilization in the Black Sea region. The landscape and the peoples who inhabit it have changed in the intervening millennium of narrative time between first Heracles’, then the Argonauts’, and finally the Ten Thousand’s journey, and they show the impact of the visits of all three. / text

Nossa investigação explora a possibilidade de o tema da paideia ser um eixo comum em torno do qual se articulam os textos de Xenofonte de Atenas, autor do século IV a.C. Julgamos que essa perspectiva se justifica em razão da importância que esse autor atribui à construção de retratos de homens paradigmáticos. Ilustramos esse procedimento com a análise do retrato que o próprio Xenofonte constrói para si, na Anabase. É sobretudo a partir da análise desses retratos que podemos ver, em Xenofonte, a discussão do tema da paideia. Os estudos que aqui empreendemos concentram-se no tema da paideia do governante. Nesse horizonte, oferecemos uma possível leitura para o retrato daquele que o autor considera a contrafacção do governante ideal, o tirano Hierão, de diálogo homônimo. Por fim, ocupamo-nos dos elementos que compõem o retrato xenofôntico do governante paradigmático, Ciro, o velho, da Ciropédia. / Our research explores the possibility of the theme of paideia as a common axis around which are articulated the texts of Xenophon of Athens, author of the fourth century BC. We believe that this perspective is justified because of the importance this author gives to the construction of portraits of paradigmatic men. We illustrate this procedure with the analysis of the portrait which Xenophon builds for himself in the Anabasis. It is mainly based on the analysis of such portraits that we can see, in Xenophon, the discussion on the theme of paideia. The studies undertaken here focus on the theme of the ruler\'s paideia. In this horizon, we offer a possible reading for the portrait of the man the author considers the counterfeiting of the ideal ruler, the tyrant Hiero, in the corresponding dialogue. Finally we deal with the elements that make up the portrait of Xenophons paradigmatic ruler, Cyrus the Great, of the Cyropaedia.

A partir do referencial paradigmático e exemplar da figura e disciplina (eu zen) de Sócrates na obra de Xenofonte, desenvolvem-se a análise, a reflexão sobre o princípio reintegrador perante a inexorabilidade, o desconhecimento e a incerteza do real, com vistas à reconciliação proporcional, ao desenvolvimento satisfatório da integridade razoável, para que o homem possa adquirir não somente a compreensão filosófica, mas também condições de resistência, de flexibilidade estratégica - enfim, a capacidade suficiente de transformação e relacionamento com os problemas fundamentais da existência. / From the paradigmatic reference and example of socratic discipline (eu zen) in the Xenophons works, the reflections about the re-integrating principle facing the inexhaustible, uncertain and unknown reality can be developed, searching the proportional reconciliation, the satisfactory and reasonable integrity for the human being to acquire not only the philosophical understanding, but also the conditions of resistence, of strategic flexibility the sufficient capacity to deal with and transform the fundamental problems of existence.

Cette étude a pour but d’analyser l’attitude de Xénophon vis-à-vis d’Athènes et de la démocratie. En retraçant les événements de l’histoire athénienne comme ils sont relatés dans les Helléniques et comme l’auteur les a vécus, le travail vise à démontrer : - que Xénophon ne condamne pas la démocratie comme une forme politique injuste, bien qu’il n’approuve pas ses choix politiques au cours du Ve siècle ; - que, grâce à la leçon tirée de l’expérience de l’échec subi au Ve siècle, Athènes est la seule cité capable, aux yeux de l’auteur, de résoudre le conflit entre Grecs et d’apporter la paix en Grèce au IVe siècle ; - que Xénophon essaie d’améliorer la démocratie sans apporter de réformes structurelles, mais à travers une réforme des mentalités politiques selon le modèle socratique. / The following study aims to analyse Xenophon’s attitude to Athens and democracy. By recounting the events of Athenian history as they are related in Hellenica and as the author experienced them, the work aims to demonstrate: - that Xenophon does not condemn democracy as an unfair form of politics, even though he does not agree with the political decisions made by Athens during the 5th century B.C. - that, due to the lessons it learnt from its defeat in the 5th century B.C., Athens is the only city capable, in the eyes of the author, of resolving the conflict between Greeks and bringing peace to Greece in the 4th century B.C. - that Xenophon would like to improve democracy, not through structural reforms but through a reform of political thinking based on the Socratic model.