Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Miami, 2003. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 177-195).

O mangá é uma das mídias mais relevantes do Japão. Ele figura parte significativa da cultura popular japonesa e, como produto de tal cultura, está intrinsecamente ligado aos aspectos que constituem a sociedade nipônica. Com sua linguagem híbrida (imagem e escrita), o mangá vem permeado de elementos socioculturais, cujas representações apresentam um mosaico da sociedade. Como uma imagem substituta, ele retrata práticas sociais e conceitos (valores) que permitem diferentes e várias leituras da sociedade e cultura japonesa. Nessas narrativas, o protagonista do mangá agirá como ator social, sendo, concomitantemente, produtor e testemunha das práticas socioculturais japonesas. Este trabalho tem como objeto de estudo o mangá One Piece de Oda Eiichiro (1975), cujo enredo narra as aventuras da tripulação Piratas do Chapéu de Palha, comandada por Monkey D. Luffy. Por meio do protagonista e herói da narrativa, Monkey D. Luffy, procurou-se identificar elementos que fazem referência a aspectos característicos da figura do herói, visto que esse se reveste com as características de maior valor e destaque de sua cultura de origem. Na análise constatou-se a representação e o praticar de valores como honra, autossacrifício, lealdade, esforço, disciplina, perseverança e sinceridade. Pelas interações do protagonista também pode se verificar a pratica de dinâmicas sociais como hierarquia social, o conceito de on (débito moral) e giri (dever moral), além de referências a aspectos culturais da yakuza (máfia japonesa). / Manga is one of the most relevant midia in Japan. It has a significant part of Japanese popular culture and, as a product of such culture, is intrinsically linked to aspects that constitute Japanese society. With its hybrid language (image and writing), manga is permeated by sociocultural elements, whose representations present a mosaic of society. As a surrogate image, manga depicts social practices and concepts (values) that allow different and various readings of Japanese society and culture. In these narratives, the protagonist of manga will behave as a social actor, being, at the same time, a producer and a witness of Japanese sociocultural practices. Therefore, the aim of this study is manga One Piece written by Oda Eiichiro (1975), whose story tells the adventures of Hat of Straws pirate crew, commanded by Monkey D. Luffy. Through the protagonist and hero of the narrative, Monkey D. Luffy, it was expected to identify elements that make reference to characteristic aspects of the hero, since this one is full of characteristics of greater value and highlight of his culture of origin. In the analysis, it was found the representation and practice of values like honor, self-sacrifice, loyalty, effort, discipline, perseverance and sincerity. Through the interactions of the protagonist can also be verified the practice of social dynamics such as social hierarchy, the concept of on (moral debt) and giri (moral duty), as well as references to cultural aspects of yakuza (Japanese mafia).

O mangá é uma das mídias mais relevantes do Japão. Ele figura parte significativa da cultura popular japonesa e, como produto de tal cultura, está intrinsecamente ligado aos aspectos que constituem a sociedade nipônica. Com sua linguagem híbrida (imagem e escrita), o mangá vem permeado de elementos socioculturais, cujas representações apresentam um mosaico da sociedade. Como uma imagem substituta, ele retrata práticas sociais e conceitos (valores) que permitem diferentes e várias leituras da sociedade e cultura japonesa. Nessas narrativas, o protagonista do mangá agirá como ator social, sendo, concomitantemente, produtor e testemunha das práticas socioculturais japonesas. Este trabalho tem como objeto de estudo o mangá One Piece de Oda Eiichiro (1975), cujo enredo narra as aventuras da tripulação Piratas do Chapéu de Palha, comandada por Monkey D. Luffy. Por meio do protagonista e herói da narrativa, Monkey D. Luffy, procurou-se identificar elementos que fazem referência a aspectos característicos da figura do herói, visto que esse se reveste com as características de maior valor e destaque de sua cultura de origem. Na análise constatou-se a representação e o praticar de valores como honra, autossacrifício, lealdade, esforço, disciplina, perseverança e sinceridade. Pelas interações do protagonista também pode se verificar a pratica de dinâmicas sociais como hierarquia social, o conceito de on (débito moral) e giri (dever moral), além de referências a aspectos culturais da yakuza (máfia japonesa). / Manga is one of the most relevant midia in Japan. It has a significant part of Japanese popular culture and, as a product of such culture, is intrinsically linked to aspects that constitute Japanese society. With its hybrid language (image and writing), manga is permeated by sociocultural elements, whose representations present a mosaic of society. As a surrogate image, manga depicts social practices and concepts (values) that allow different and various readings of Japanese society and culture. In these narratives, the protagonist of manga will behave as a social actor, being, at the same time, a producer and a witness of Japanese sociocultural practices. Therefore, the aim of this study is manga One Piece written by Oda Eiichiro (1975), whose story tells the adventures of Hat of Straws pirate crew, commanded by Monkey D. Luffy. Through the protagonist and hero of the narrative, Monkey D. Luffy, it was expected to identify elements that make reference to characteristic aspects of the hero, since this one is full of characteristics of greater value and highlight of his culture of origin. In the analysis, it was found the representation and practice of values like honor, self-sacrifice, loyalty, effort, discipline, perseverance and sincerity. Through the interactions of the protagonist can also be verified the practice of social dynamics such as social hierarchy, the concept of on (moral debt) and giri (moral duty), as well as references to cultural aspects of yakuza (Japanese mafia).

The goal of this thesis is to examine the changing influence and role of the audience in the localization of Japanese video games. I examine the history of Japanese video game translation, honing in on Japanese Role-Playing Games, including the influence of Nintendo of America’s polices and how they shifted from translating games to localizing games. I also explore the shift in which the internet and social media has allowed for increased interaction between localizers and fan bases. This can allow for localizers to have a more in-depth knowledge of the expectations of the intended audience of the video game, but has also further fueled the debate of whether or not localization constitutes censorship. Lastly, I do a close analysis of two long running game series and how they are adapting to the new changes with the introduction of social media.

6 Abstract The goal of this thesis is to provide a basic overview of the legislative acts taken against organized crime in Japan, and to map the intriguing historical evolution of organized crime until the present day. Also, to show how the connection and the historically advantageous relationship between the yakuza and the ruling elites affected the law in Japan. The first chapter is dedicated to the historical milestones of organized crime in Japan from the 17th century to the implementation of the first comprehensive law against the organized crime - the Bōtaihō, in 1991. In the next part of this thesis the particularities of the legislation against organized crime can be found, including the differences of the American and European models as well as the details of the Bōtaihō law itself. The third chapter is dedicated to the complementary and follow-up legislations concerning the fight against organized crime. Key words: organized crime, yakuza, legal instruments to fight organized crime

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