This study examines recommendations regarding what children need from their fathers at various ages and what men can do to help their children with those needs. Data collected in this study do not support recommendations as they appear in the conceptual ethic of Generative Fathering (Dollahite & Hawkins, 1998). However, trends in the data suggest that, across the lifespan, children have a primary need for overt displays of love and nurturing. There is evidence that young children need their fathers to be physically present. Young children also seem to need support and acceptance from their fathers, though how exactly fathers demonstrate that support and acceptance might change as the child develops. The data suggest that as the child transitions out of childhood and into adolescence and adulthood, the need for physical presence diminishes and the needs for support and acceptance, and advice and guidance emerge as more primary. / Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services

The term "young adults" is often used loosely without a clear definition of who this demographic is. This study defines young adults by examining generational differences, their beliefs, uses and nonuses of media, news interests, wants, values for following the news, and expectations and reading experiences of news stories. The uses and gratifications approach and expectancy-value theory provided a framework for this study. Three methodological approaches were used: a secondary data analysis of three national surveys, focus groups and an experiment. The secondary data analysis findings showed the youngest age group (18-24) is leading the new news routine online with news aggregator sites, major and local news sites. The two youngest age groups (18-24 and 25-29) differ from each other and older age groups in their worries, goals, perspectives, beliefs, news interests, media uses, nonuses and political knowledge, and should be studied separately. Stances on social issues and technology are not as clearly defined by age. The findings suggest one's life stage is behind some of the differences. Since no published study to date has conducted focus groups exclusively with nonreaders of print newspapers ages 18-29 to examine their news consumption and nonuses of print newspapers, the present study broke new ground. The findings showed these young adults want searchable, effortless, shorter, more local, accessible anytime news. Both groups (18-24 and 25-29) wanted less negative news, but the younger group justified crime coverage. A few younger group participants expressed a difficult time reading the news and a bias in coverage, especially politics. The experiment used storytelling devices in an attempt to make news writing more digestible, interesting, relevant to young adults' lives, and informative. The findings showed "chunking" text improved perceived comprehension. The device of adding background information, context and a definition improved text recall. The experiment also examined expectations that young adults have prior to reading hard news. For a politics story, experimental group participants expected to understand the story less and have less of an interest than they did. Using these findings, this study suggests ways to get more of this audience (18-29) to tune into the news. / text

No description available.

This study investigated the relationship of certain independent variables and young married couples' attitudes toward children. Church leaders in Plano, Texas, administered the Hereford Parent Attitude Survey to couples from their churches. Ninety-seven subjects comprised the main sample group. The data were analyzed using t-tests and f-tests. Women had more positive attitudes toward children than men. Parents had more positive attitudes than childless subjects. Childless subjects who plan to have children had more positive attitudes toward children than subjects who did not plan to have children or who were not sure. Income level was related to confidence in parenting. Age and sex of children and education level were not related to attitudes toward children. Based on these findings, recommendations were made for future research and education.

published_or_final_version / Social Work / Master / Master of Social Sciences

A sample (N = 428) of university students was introduced to a stranger that fit the public persona of either John Wayne Gacy or Ted Bundy in a vignette. The meetings between students and strangers in vignettes were similar to those in which serial killers might entrap victims. In addition to varying criminal type (Gacy or Bundy), the race and gender of the strangers were also varied in the 2 x 2 x 2 experiment. Differences among subjects in their ratings of personality traits of the strangers and how subjects expected to behave toward these persons were examined by ANOVA. Focus group discussions provided further insights about how individuals size up and react to "respectable" strangers who fit the public personas of well-known serial killers. Results suggested that young adults in the 1990s are highly vulnerable to victimization by serial murderers. / Department of Sociology

BACKGROUND:In Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA), adolescent girls’ and young women’s (AGYW, aged 15-24 years) disproportionate HIV risk is fueled by age-disparate sex (partners >5 years older). Older men typically acquire HIV from same-aged partners; they then transmit HIV to AGYW, who then transmit HIV to older men as they age, creating a cycle of transmission. Adolescent boys and young men (ABYM, aged 15-24 years) have lower HIV incidence rates, and their risk starts increasing around age 20 due to same-aged partners and age-disparate sex. Developing ABYM’s preventative behaviors may proximally and distally reduce their and AGYW’s HIV risk. HIV risk perception (HIV RP) is a theoretical motivator for initiating and using risk-reduction strategies. However, this relationship remains temporally and empirically equivocal in AGYW and ABYM, who are in a developmentally and socially dynamic stage of life. To increase and improve HIV risk-reduction strategies among AGYW and ABYM in ESA, this dissertation aimed to elucidate temporal trends, determinants, and effects of HIV RP. METHODS:This dissertation employed three aims to examine 1) longitudinal HIV RP literature, 2) HIV RP trajectories and predictors, and 3) HIV RP’s association with health outcomes. Secondary analyses used data collected (2010 [T1], 2011 [T2], 2012 [T3]) from the control arm (714 AGYW, 635 ABYM) of a school-based trial in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Aim 1 evaluated longitudinal quantitative studies examining HIV RP among AGYW and ABYM in ESA. A scoping review synthesized data from peer-reviewed articles published between 1995-2022 to elucidate studies’ geo-spatial distributions, temporal data patterns, sample characteristics, and HIV RP definitions, analytic findings, and theoretical underpinnings. A proposed HIV RP conceptual framework was created by synthesizing findings and theories. Aim 2 described gender-specific patterns and determined predictors of HIV RP in AGYW and ABYM. Trajectories were created based on cumulative reports of high HIV RP. After, these trajectories were characterized using sociodemographic, knowledge, attitudinal/perceptual, biological, experiential, and behavioral factors. Using models stratified by ever-sex status, overall predictive analyses explored factors prospectively associated with high HIV RP. Aim 3 tested the hypothesis that high HIV RP increased chances of HIV testing and decreased cumulative acquisition of HIV/HSV-2. Directed acyclic graphs identified potential confounders using current literature. Predictive analyses estimated high HIV RP’s gender-specific confounder-adjusted association with HIV testing and HIV/HSV-2 incidence over 1-year periods. RESULTS:In Aim 1, synthesis of 38 longitudinal studies offered limited insights on AGYW’s and ABYM’s HIV RP due to geographic homogeneity, abundance of intervention-related studies, and minimal reporting of RP definitions and HIV status. Most (~75%) studies analyzed data collected before 2015, highlighting the evidence gap of HIV RP in current epidemic conditions or prevention options. Studies assessed AGYW when their risk is peaking and provided little detail on pre-risk periods; ABYM were rarely included in analyses. Elevated HIV RP was mostly positively associated with AGYW’s self-initiated outcomes, but HIV RP’s formulation was understudied. Aim 2 found HIV RP was temporally dynamic, as most (60% AGYW, 65% ABYM) changed their level of HIV RP at least once. AGYW’s and ABYM’s Persistent (high HIV RP at all timepoints) trajectories were primarily differentiated by negative prevention attitudes. While sexual risk behaviors were relatively high in AGYW’s and ABYM’s Persistent trajectories, HSV-2 and becoming/getting others pregnant increased in lower RP trajectories, implying potential contradictions between actual and perceived risk. Analyses showed sociodemographic factors (grade repetition, mother-led households) mostly predicted high HIV RP in AGYW, while prevention attitudes differentially (i.e., attitudes and associations largely shifted from negative to positive over time) affected ABYM’s high HIV RP. Behaviors (transactional sex, not knowing partners’ status, older partners, alcohol use [ABYM only]) predicted high HIV RP in both groups. Aim 3 highlighted that age, grade, financial insecurity, HIV/pregnancy-related knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, experiences, and service-seeking and risk-taking behaviors potentially confounded relationships between HIV RP and outcomes (HIV testing, HIV/HSV-2 acquisition). AGYW with high HIV RP at T1 were more likely to HIV test (aRR=1.48 [1.12-1.95]) and acquire HIV/HSV-2 (aRR=1.83 [1.03-3.25]) by T2, associations that did not persist in T2-T3’s analyses. There were no significant associations between any factor and HIV RP in ABYM. CONCLUSION:This dissertation highlights the temporal and associative complexities of HIV RP among AGYW and ABYM in ESA. HIV RP in these groups was variable and primarily predicted by sociodemographic (AGYW), attitudinal (ABYM), and behavioral factors, elucidating need and opportunities for multi-level, age- and risk-appropriate interventions. Structural insecurities and age- and gender-driven power differentials may inhibit AGYW’s prevention behaviors. For both groups, earlier intervention would reach AGYW before their risk escalates and reinforce and/or instill ABYM with potentially lasting assets. Additional high-quality, detailed studies are needed to combat the current evidentiary dearth, optimize prevention interventions, and increase the likelihood of ending HIV/AIDS by 2030.

Actuellement les comportements décrits chez les nouvelles générations inquiètent les entreprises. Ces incompréhensions vont au-delà de difficultés de communication entre les générations : la révolution des NTIC, l’évolution du rapport au travail, à l’autorité, aux réseaux sociaux, à l’international sont autant de caractéristiques présentées comme spécifiques de la génération Y.Ce travail étudie l’engagement envers l’entreprise des cadres trentas considérés comme les aînés de la génération Y et les termes du contrat psychologique valorisés par cette population. A été mobilisé le double cadre théorique de l’échange social et du contrat psychologique d’une part, et de l’engagement organisationnel d’autre part.La démarche de recherche est qualitative de nature exploratoire. Une technique projective détournée, la« lettre à un ami » a été proposée pour cerner les dimensions émergentes, partagées et valorisées du rapport à l’entreprise. Cette lettre a été rédigée par 547 cadres français et étrangers de 30/32 ans de tous les métiers et secteurs d’une TGE française, dans le cadre privilégié d’une formation.Les résultats qualitatifs sont de trois ordres :− les cadres trentas manifestent une grande homogénéité de réponses indépendamment de leurs caractéristiques individuelles. Leurs principales préoccupations concernent le travail, la carrière et le réseau. L’analyse fine de leurs représentations permet de les considérer comme représentatifs des aînés des Y ;− leur engagement vis-à-vis de l’entreprise est lié à la perception d’un échange satisfaisant et réciproque. Les termes de l’échange concernent ce qu’offre l’entreprise et ce qu’elle attend d’eux ;− l’identification des termes de l’échange permet de préciser comment l’entreprise et le management peuvent évoluer pour rencontrer leurs attentes et favoriser leur engagement vis-à-vis de l’entreprise.En conclusion, des recommandations aux entreprises sont proposées en matière de gestion des générations montantes / At present, companies are worried about the demonstrated behaviors of the new generation. Their lack ofunderstanding goes beyond problems of communication between the generations: it now includes the ITrevolution, the evolution of individuals’ relationships with their work, authority issues, social networks andglobalization are characteristics presented as specific to generation Y.The purpose of this work is to study the commitment of thirty-year-old executives, considered as the elders ofgeneration Y, towards their companies, and to enlighten the terms of the psychological contract developed bythis population. The double theoretical frame of the social exchange and the psychological contract has beenutilized on one hand, and the organizational commitment on the other hand.This research is a qualitative one with an exploratory nature. A diverted projective technique, the "letter to afriend", has been used to define the emergent, shared and enhanced dimensions of the relationship with thecompany. This letter has been written by 547 French and foreign executives approximately around 30-32years old, from any kind of job or area of a large French company, within the dedicated frame of training.The qualitative results are of the following three natures:− The thirty-year-old executives show a distinct homogeneity in their answers independent of their personalcharacteristics. Their main concerns are about work, career and network. Through, he detailed analysis oftheir composition, they can be considered as representative of the elders of generation Y;− Their commitment towards the company is bound to the perception of a satisfying and mutual exchange. Theterms of the exchange concern what the company offers and expects from them;− The identification of the terms of the exchange helps to specify how the company and the management canevolve to meet their expectations and encourage their commitment towards the company.As a conclusion, recommendations are made to HR and managers concerning the new generation

by Connie S.K. Leung. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1990. / Bibliography: leaves [93]-[98] / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1. --- Some Observations on Direct Marketing in Hong Kong / Chapter 2. --- The New Generation - Hong Kong Yuppies / Chapter 3. --- Overview of the Huppies Club Concept / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.14 / Chapter 1. --- What is Direct Marketing? / Chapter 2. --- Direct Marketing Versus Geneial Marketing / Chapter 3. --- Merits of Direct Marketing / Chapter 4. --- Why does Direct Marketing Grow? / Chapter 5. --- Prime Prospects of Direct Marketing / Chapter 6. --- Key to Direct Marketing Success / Chapter 7. --- Direct Mail in Hong Kong / Chapter 8. --- Definition of Yuppies / Chapter 9. --- Yuppies' Demographic Characteristics / Chapter 10. --- Yuppies' Psychographics / Chapter 11. --- Yuppies' Lifestyle / Chapter 12. --- Yuppies and Direct Marketing / Chapter 13. --- Huppies: Hong Kong Yuppies / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- RESEARCH OBJECTIVES --- p.49 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- METHODOLOGY --- p.50 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- KEY FINDINGS --- p.51 / Chapter 1. --- Huppies' Lifestyle / Chapter 2. --- Experience With Direct Mail / Chapter 3. --- Club Membership / Chapter 4. --- The Huppies Club Concept / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.71

by Chan Chui-mi, Rebecca and Pong Hei-ming, David. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1990. / Bibliography: leaf 138. / TABLES OF CONTENTS --- p.ii / LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS --- p.v / LIST OF TABLES --- p.vi / ACKNOWLEDGMENTS --- p.vii / Chapter I. --- BACKGROUND AND PROBLEM STATEMENT --- p.1 / Background on the Yuppie Phenomenon --- p.1 / Baby-boomers and Yuppies --- p.1 / Yuppies in the U.S.A. --- p.1 / The Yuppie Phenomenon in Hong Kong --- p.3 / Statement of the Problem --- p.5 / Chapter II. --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.6 / Yuppies : Origin and Definition --- p.8 / Yuppies : Their Inner World --- p.10 / Yuppies : An International Flavor --- p.13 / Yuppies in Hong Kong --- p.15 / Returnees --- p.16 / Working Educated Women --- p.16 / Yuppies : Life-style and Marketing Imp1ications --- p.17 / Yuppies : Fading Away --- p.17 / Conclusions --- p.22 / Chapter III. --- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY --- p.23 / Hypotheses Development --- p.23 / Psychological Traits --- p.24 / Status Conscious --- p.24 / Quality Conscious --- p.24 / Motivation and Drive --- p.25 / Innovative and Adventurous --- p.25 / Health-conscious --- p.25 / Time-conscious --- p.26 / Concern for Children --- p.26 / Media Selection --- p.26 / Market/Consumption Behavior --- p.27 / Demographic Profile --- p.28 / Target Group Definition --- p.29 / Age --- p.30 / Personal Income --- p.30 / Education --- p.31 / Data Collection --- p.31 / Sampling Frame --- p.31 / Questionnaire Design --- p.32 / Psychological Traits --- p.32 / Market Behavior --- p.33 / Demographic Profile --- p.35 / Data Analysis --- p.35 / Summary --- p.36 / Chapter IV. --- DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS --- p.37 / Pilot Test --- p.37 / Data Collection in Practice --- p.38 / Sample Group --- p.38 / Post-coding of Part I Answers --- p.39 / Post-coding of Part II Answers --- p.39 / Descriptive Statistics --- p.46 / Frequency Statistics --- p.46 / Hypothesis Testing of Psychological --- p.46 / Traits By Two-Sample T-test / Analysis of Yuppies， Consumption By One-Sample Chi-Square --- p.48 / Cross Tabulation and Chi-Square --- p.51 / Statistic on Consumption of Yuppies / Vis-a-vis the Control Group / Demographic Characteristics of Yuppies --- p.54 / Cluster Analysis --- p.56 / Primary Cluster Analysis --- p.56 / Secondary Cluster Analysis --- p.58 / Demographic Characteristics Redefined --- p.62 / Chapter V. --- MARKETING IMPLICATIONS --- p.63 / Executive Summary --- p.63 / Marketing Implications --- p.64 / Marketing of Social Goods --- p.65 / Marketing of Non-social Goods --- p.66 / New Market Segments --- p.67 / New Product Attributes --- p.67 / New Distribution Channels --- p.68 / New Promotion Messages --- p.68 / Differentiated Pricing Strategies --- p.69 / Recommendations for Future Studies --- p.77 / APPENDIX --- p.71 / Chapter 1 --- Initial Questionnaire for Pilot Test --- p.71 / Chapter 2 --- Pilot Test and Spearman Coefficient for Internal Consistency Test --- p.89 / Chapter 3.1 --- Revised Questionnaire in English --- p.91 / Chapter 3.2 --- Revised Questionnaire in Chinese --- p.102 / Chapter 4 --- "Descriptive Statistics on Mean, Standard Deviation, Maximum and Minimum Values of Records" --- p.113 / Chapter 5 --- Hypothesis Testing of Psychological Traits by Two-sample T-test --- p.114 / Chapter 6 --- T-test Results on the Mean Difference for Each Group of Attitude Statements between the Yuppies and the Control Group --- p.116 / Chapter 7 --- One Sample Chi-square Test --- p.120 / Chapter 8 --- Results of One Sample Chi-square on Yuppies， Consumption --- p.121 / Chapter 9 --- Cross Tabulation of Chi-square Statistics on Consumption of Yuppies vis-a-vis the Control Group --- p.127 / Chapter 10 --- Frequency Statistics on Yuppie Demographics --- p.130 / Chapter 11 --- Cluster Analysis --- p.135 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.136