The civil servant are those who work for government by laws and get official salary. To improve the efficiency and honesty of the civil servant, the government should evaluate their performances and results, and conduct the following personnel affairs according to that. In order to improve the effect of the performance appraisal system, the Examination Yuan tried to revise the Law of Performance Appraisal of Civil Servant based on the modern management system. However, this caused dissenting view and objection from most of the civil servant. As a matter of fact, we already had the system of performance appraisal on officials since Tang-Yu dynasty and it kept changing and revising through dynasties. In spite the republic government closed the agelong emperor reigning system, the management of the huge bureaucrat body still inherit the way used before, not breaking down from this changing. Therefore, when the Examination Yuan, just considering the effect of performance appraisal, changed the performance appraisal system directly without thinking about the historical and cultural nature of existing way, it can¡¦t avoid the questioning and opposing from the civil servant. Therefore, this study, from the viewpoint of the historical and cultural nature, researches the sameness and differences of performance appraisal system between current and ancient times, with which it further compares the outlook and method of performance management. In the final part, it discusses the meaning of the existence of performance appraisal system of the civil servant.

Poems inscribed on paintings combine poems and paintings closely together. They are artistic fusion of poetry and painting. A poem inscribed on a painting usually serves as a window to the painting to point out, bring about and deepen the meaning of the painting. Hence, poems inscribed on paintings characterize themselves as overlapping the boundaries between literature, painting, landscape poetry and landscape painting. A poem inscribed on a painting not only displays the form of landscape through the painting but also expresses the meaning of the painting and reflects the poet's mind as well. The combination of landscape poetry and landscape painting reached the summit in the Yuan Dynasty when lots of poems inscribed on paintings emerged to express the art of painting through the art of poetry. Further combination of poetry and painting first appeared in the works of HUANG, Kung-wang, who was a famous poet and painter in the Yuan Dynasty. Among the "Four Masters of the Yuan Dynasty", HUANG enjoyed the highest achievements in art and remarkable accomplishment in the creation of poems inscribed on landscape paintings, which exerted an enlightening, deep and long-term influence on the art and literature of the successive Ming and Ching Dynasties. HUANG, Kung-wang's poems inscribed on paintings can be divided into two categories - "poems inscribed on others' paintings" and "poems inscribed on his own paintings". The former represents the poet's (HUANG, Kung-wang's) perception and appreciation of a painting through his own cultural discipline and aesthetic taste and the subsequent creation of a poem to bring about the meaning of the painting. The latter provides the background of his (HUANG, Kung-wang's) creation of poems and gives hints to the inner implications of his paintings and his ideas and appreciation of painting, aiming to achieve the state of "perfect fusion of poetry and painting" through poetry-painting interaction. So, whether "poems inscribed on others' paintings" or "poems inscribed on his own paintings", the poet (HUANG, Kung-wang) have successfully introduced readers to painting and showed them how to enjoy the fun and meaning behind painting. Poems inscribed on landscape paintings use paintings as materials, so the existence of landscape images embodies a visual space. However, the creation of both poetry and painting most addresses the link between, or rather, the fusion of scenery and emotion. As a result, while appreciating a painting with a poem inscribed on it, we had better not limit our view to forms and structures. In stead, HUANG, Kung-wang's approach of appreciating a painting is much recommended. With excellent mental training and great imagination, the scenery of mountains, rivers, clouds, villages, pavilions, or even a blank space on the painting could turn out to be an entire season, life, nature or universe for the mind to enjoy eternally. Besides, HUANG, Kung-wang's poems inscribed on landscape paintings particularly emphasize mental growth and pursuits. It is believed that reading, religious discipline, reclusion, travel and personal integrity can help improve the level of art and literature creation. HUANG, Kung-wang had never learned painting until he was 50. His case is a good example of the Chinese saying, "A great vessel will be long in completion; a great man will take time to shape and mature." In terms of Chinese painting, it means that only through multiple training and discipline can an artist demonstrate a unique style.

Investigative powers of Congress is the Congress to obtain the required information, the tool found the truth. Due to the need for legislative decision-making rational, and rational legislative decision-making need to use the logic of scientific method, to take an objective view of the decision for seeking truth from facts, there is no investigative powers, Congress is that the lack of information, difficult to discover the truth of a disadvantage, unable to make the right decisions , will not be able to carry out its terms of reference on the role of function. Compared to democracy in the world's major countries of the development of the investigative power of Congress, the Legislative Yuan may exercise certain power of investigation in 2004 until the beginning by the J.Y. Interpretation No.585 to explain the right of access to the survey. Representative democracies, the United Kingdom is one of the first use of the investigative power of Congress, the United States Department of the investigative power of Congress to develop the most complete system, also the most frequent use of the country, a democratic country by the major development of the investigative power of Congress, know that the investigative power of Congress to essential for Congress to support legislative power, Congress is also an important weapon supervision. However, the exercise of legislative power on behalf of the people in our country of the Legislative Yuan in the future can indeed play with investigative powers to supervise the executive, legislative and other auxiliary functions, there is the establishment of a sound depends on the right of Congress to investigate the mode of operation. In this paper, since the right of Congress to investigate the meaning and nature of the legal basis of the investigative power of Congress to explore the principle behind the system and principles. At the same time by the Democratic National Congress representative survey Overview of the implementation of the right to introduce a system to explore the rights of the Legislative Yuan to investigate the nature and the status quo, the existing access to the Legislative Yuan of the operation of the right to study the document, which on my development of the investigative power of Congress to amend the law. In this study, data collection through literature, the light of our constitutional system with a foreign legal system, and finally developed the following recommendations: 1.The Legislative Yuan investigative power system should be the rule of law, and clearly defined the scope of the exercise of investigative powers, to avoid violation of other constitutional organs of the terms of reference. 2. The introduction of a small number of right( Minderheitsenquete) - in order to learn from the German system. 3. In addition to the exercise of law in the Legislative Yuan to develop terms of reference "of the exercise of investigative powers," a chapter, the new legislation is still to be a peremptory norm of "public hearing", "testimony" of the relevant provisions. 4. Addition of "contempt of Congress" of norms. 5. Be added to a breach of confidentiality provided for the punishment. 6. The Legislative Yuan investigative powers should be fine with more force. 7. Should be determined by the local councils the right to access provisions.

published_or_final_version / Fine Arts / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Chinese / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Chinese / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Chinese / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Chinese / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Chinese / Master / Master of Philosophy

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 305-323).