The purpose of this thesis was to objectively appraise economical situation of company ABC spol. s r.o. and its´ financial performance for years 2003-2006 and to make conclusions about financial situation of the company. Matter of business activity of ABC spol. s r.o. is: goods purchase and its´ further sale and sale. Financial analysis and reliability and bankruptcy models were applied on a real existing company. Documents used as data source were: balance sheets and income statements from particular years. Theoretical part of the thesis characterizes financial performance and attitudes to its´ measuring, concrete methods for business performance measuring and usage of reliability and bankruptcy models. Practical part of the thesis includes calculation of financial analysis indicators (rentability, liquidity and indebtedness indicators) and application of chosen indexes of financial health (Z-Score, IN 95, Reliability index). The last part of the thesis includes interpretation of all calculations results and possible proposals for improving company financial performance and situation.

Em sólidos dopados com Cr+3, o efeito não-linear ocorre devido à população de íons dopantes no estado metaestável, o qual possui uma polarizabilidade diferente do estado fundamental. Nestes materiais, o índice de refração não-linear n2 é proporcional a Δα/Is , onde Δα é a diferença de polarizabilidade, entre os estados, excitado (metaestável) e o fundamental, e Is a intensidade de saturação da transição. A técnica conhecida como Z-Scan é na atualidade a mais popular para medidas de n2 e foi recentemente aplicada em cristais dopados com Cr+3. Nestes materiais, o tempo de resposta do meio não-linear é dado pelo longo tempo de vida espontâneo do estado excitado τ0 (usualmente τ0 > 100 µs) tornando possível medidas da resposta transiente do sinal. Isto torna possível a normalização do sinal pela medida em t =O (quando o efeito não-linear ainda não se manifestou) com o intuito de eliminar efeitos lineares parasíticos (devido a imperfeições da superfície da amostra, não paralelismo, etc.). Neste trabalho 7 nós usamos o método de Z-Scan resolvido no tempo para determinar não apenas n2, mas também a intensidade de saturação Is. Nós introduzimos um novo método para determinação de Is, através da medida de Z-Scan transiente. Os valores de n2 e Is, podem ser usados para calcular a seção de choque da absorção no estado fundamental σ1, Δα e Δσ (a diferença de seção de choque de absorção entre o estado excitado e metaestável). , Fizemos medidas em cristais de rubi e alexandrita usando um laser de Ar modulado por um \"chopper\". No caso da alexandrita, o Cr+3 pode ocupar dois sítios que apresentam propriedades bastante diferentes. A técnica resolvida no tempo permite que se diferencie estes dois sítios, e então se determine n2, Is, τ0, Δα e Δσ para o íon de Cr+3 em cada tipo de sítio (no caso do sítio de espelho os valores de n2 e Δα são inéditos). / In Cr+3 doped solids, the nonlinearity originates from the population of dopant íon metastable excited state, which has a polarizability different from that of ground state. In these materials, the non-linear refractive index n2 is proportional to a Δα/Is, where a Δα is polarizability difference between excited and ground states and Is is the transition saturation intensity. The thecnique known as Z-Scan is nowadays the most popular one for n2 measurements and was recently applied to Cr+3 doped solids. In this material, the nonlinearity response time is given by the excited state spontaneous lifetime τ0 (usually τ0 > 100 µs) permitting transient response measurements. This allows signal normalization at t=0 (when the nonlinear effect did not appear yet) in order to eliminate parasitic linear effects (due to nonparallel sample surfaces, surface imperfections, etc.). In the present work we used a time resolved Z-Scan method to determine not only n2 but also the saturation intensity Is and these values can be used to calculate the ground state absorption cross section σ1, Δα and Δσ (where Δσ is the absorption cross section difference between excited and ground states). We introduced a new method to measure Is through transient Z-Scan measurements. We performed measurements in ruby and alexandrite using a chopped Ar+ ion laser. In the alexandrite crystal the Cr+3 ion can occupied two different sites that have very different spectroscopy properties. The time resolved technique allowed us to distinguished these two sites and then determine n2, σ0, Δα , Δσ and Is for the Cr+3 ion each kind of site(our n2, Δα and Is results for the mirror site are original contributions of these work).

Discutimos um modelo de calibre com simetria Z (N) na rede, sendo as variáveis dinâmicas definidas em faces de cubos. Mostramos a dualidade com um sistema de spins Z (N) em quatro dimensões e a autodualidade em seis dimensões para este modelo, utilizando o formalismo da matriz de transferência. Analisamos as funções de correlação invariantes por transformações de calibre, constatando os decaimentos exponenciais com o volume (para altas temperaturas e d &#8805 3) e com a área (para baixas temperaturas e d > 3). Para três dimensões, o modelo não apresenta transição de fase sendo exatamente solúvel. Estudamos também a versão U (1) do modelo e mostramos sua equivalência com uma teoria de campos clássica livre na região de baixas temperaturas / We discussus a model with a Z (N) gauge symmetry on a lattice, the dynamical variables being defined on faces of cubes. The duality with a Z (N) spin system in four dimensions and the selfduality in six dimensions is shown for this model, using the transfer matrix formalism. The gauge invariant correlation functions have been analysed and we verify their exponential decay with volume (at high temperatures and d &#8805 3) and with the área (at low temperatures and d > 3). For three dimensions, the model exhibits no phase transition, being exactly soluble. We also study a U (I) version o four model and show its equivalence with a free classical field theory in the low temperature region

A técnica de varredura-z tem sido bastante utilizada para a determinação do índice de refração não-linear (n2) em meios transparentes. Apresentamos neste trabalho uma análise teórica e resultados da técnica de varredura-z por reflexão, visando o estudo de efeitos térmicos em amostras que possuem coeficientes de absorção muito grandes. Extensões à técnica, tais como: a varredura-z resolvida no tempo e varredura-z resolvidas em freqüência puderam ser aplicadas para medir efeitos térmicos, pois estes são relativamente lentos nos materiais que medimos (água, polímero e vidro). Das componentes linear e quadrática da evolução temporal da transmitância, ou, da segunda componente de Fourier de curvas obtidas em duas freqüências, pode-se extrair parâmetros térmicos como: a capacidade térmica por unidade de massa e a difusividade térmica. Propriedades térmicas são de grande interesse na usinagem de peças, e em estudos sobre tensões estruturais e novos materiais. Pela teoria aqui desenvolvida, dada as constantes térmicas, é possível distinguir os efeitos térmicos e eletrônicos nas amostras que apresentam os dois. / The Z-Scan technique is the most popular one for the determination of the nonlinear index of refraction (n2) of transparent media. In this work we present a theoretical analysis and results of the reflection z-scan technique, aiming the research of thermal effects in highly absorbing materials. Extensions of the technique, such as the time resolved z-scan and the frequency resolved z-scan could be applied to measure thermal effects because they are relatively slow in the materials that we have measured (water, polystyrene and glass). From the linear and quadratic terms of the transmittance time evolution, or, from the second Fourier component of curves obtained in two frequencies, one can extract thermal parameters like: the heat capacity per unit mass and the thermal diffusion coefficient. Thermal properties are of great interest in the manufacture of pieces, and in the study of structure strains and new materials. By the theory presented here, if thermal constants are given, one can distinguish between thermal and electronic effects in samples that present both.

Neste trabalho são estudadas algumas propriedades ópticas de tetrâmeros de anilina em solução, usando o dimetil sulfóxido (DMSO) como solvente. Os espectros de absorção e emissão permitiram uma determinação aproximada dos níveis de energia do tetrâmero. Para a caracterização das propriedades ópticas não lineares foram utilizadas as técnicas de varredura-Z resolvida em freqüência e com trem de pulsos. Com a primeira foram determinados os parâmetros térmicos relacionados ao solvente, enquanto que com a segunda foram caracterizadas as não linearidades eletrônicas associadas aos estados excitados das moléculas. Além disso, foi possível obter a dinâmica das não linearidades presentes nas soluções, que apresentam um processo acumulativo relacionado à formação de uma lente térmica induzida pelo perfil gaussiano do laser. / This work reports on the optical properties of aniline tetramers in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solutions. Absorption and emission spectra allowed a rough estimate of the energy levels of the aniline tetramers. Nonlinear optical properties were studied with the frequency resolved Z-scan technique and with the Z-scan technique with pulse trains. The former determined the thermal parameters of the solvent, while the latter characterized electronic nonlinearities associated to molecular excited states. Moreover, we could analyze the dynamics of the optical nonlinearities and verify the presence of an accumulative process related to thermal lensing.

Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma extensão da técnica de varredura-Z baseada na análise espectral da evolução temporal da transmitância, quando um feixe laser é modulado numa freqüência f. As componentes de Fourier da evolução temporal da transmitância em f e 2f estão respectivamente relacionadas com os efeitos lineares e não-lineares e sua razão pode ser usada na eliminação de efeitos lineares. Este método, denominado varredura-Z resolvida em frequência, permite um aumento significativo na sensibilidade da técnica de varredura-Z em medidas de absorvedores lentos. Tal método se combinado com \"EZ-scan\" permite medidas de modulação de fase correspondentes a distorções da frente de onda de λ/105. A aplicabilidade bem como a sensibilidade desta técnica foram demonstradas em medidas realizadas em absorvedores lentos, especificamente o rubi e o aluminato de gadolínio dopado com cromo. Tais materiais são convenientes para estes fins, pois já tiveram suas não-linearidades investigadas anteriormente por diversos métodos. Como aplicação da técnica fizemos medidas das propriedades ópticas lineares e não-lineares em uma amostra de vidro fluoroindato dopado com cromo. Observamos que os valores de n2 (λ) seguem a curva de absorção desse material, e propomos um modelo que relaciona a origem da não-linearidade com as transições eletrônicas que ocorrem na região do visível. / This work presents an extension of the Z-scan technique based on the spectral analysis of the transmittance time-evolution when the laser beam is modulated at a frequency f. The Fourier components of the transmittance time-evolution at f and 2f are respectively related to the linear and nonlinear effects and their ratio can be used to eliminate spurious linear effects. This method, known as frequency resolved Z-scan, allows a significative increase in the sensitivity of the Z-scan technique for measurements of slow absorbers. When combined with the EZ-scan technique, it can measure transmittance changes corresponding to wavefront distortions of λ/105. The demonstration of the technique was carried out for slow absorbers, ruby and chromium-doped gadolinium aluminate. Such materials were conveniently chosen for this purpose since their optical nonlinearities are well stablished. As an application, we present linear and nonlinear optical properties of a chromium-doped fluorindate glass sample. We found that the values of n2 (λ) follow the absorption curve in this material and we have proposed a model which relates the origin of the nonlinearity with the electronic transitions that occur in the visible region of the spectrum.

Evenemang är ett turistiskt fenomen som handlar om att erbjuda en upplevelse som är något utöver det vanliga. I dagens samhälle tas upplevelsen tillvara på och används i marknadsföringssyfte där själva evenemanget kan marknadsföra ett budskap. Det finns möjligheter att utöka intresset hos besökarna genom att förstärka marknadsföringen före och efter ett evenemang, på så vis får budskapet en större genomslagskraft. Problemområdet i studien undersöks genom att behandla evenemanget Industrinatten som en fallstudie. Det empiriska materialet utgörs av kvalitativa intervjuer med respondenter från tidigare genomförda Industrinatten-evenemang i orterna Malmö, Sjuhärad och Östersund. Sekundärdata i form av enkätsammanställningar från de genomförda evenemangen utgör kompletterande material till intervjuundersökningarna. Evenemang skapas ofta med ett underliggande syfte och används mer och mer som ett verktyg för att marknadsföra en plats eller ett varumärke, något som kan benämnas som evenemangsmarknadsföring. Att förmedla ett budskap används många gånger på arbetsmarknadsmässor, som benämns vid MICE-evenemang (Meeting, Incentives, Conventions & Events). Resultatet jämförs respondenter emellan utifrån teman för att lyfta fram likheter och skillnader. De mest effektiva marknadsföringsmetoderna och strategierna lyfts sedan fram och utgör analysdelen där en ny modell har konstruerats utifrån respondenternas svar och det teoretiska ramverket. Studiens slutsats besvarar frågeställningarna och belyser flertalet metoder och strategier både före och efter ett evenemang som har visat sig vara effektiva vid evenemangsmarknadsföring. Studien är baserad på evenemanget Industrinatten och de metoder och strategier som presenteras är anpassade efter Industrinattens marknadsföring men ämnar dock även kunna appliceras på andra typer av evenemang. / Events as a tourism phenomenon are created to offer an experience that is something out of the ordinary. In today's society, the experience is taken advantage of and used for marketing purposes where the event itself can promote a message. There is scope for increasing visitor interest by strengthening the marketing before and after an event, thus increasing the impact of the message. The problem area of the study is examined by treating the Industrinatten event as a case study. The empirical material consists of qualitative interviews with respondents from previously conducted Industrinatten events in Malmö, Sjuhärad and Östersund. The secondary data consists of questionnaires from the previous completed events and constitutes of additional complementary material for the interview surveys. Events are often created with an underlying purpose and are today used more as a tool for promoting a site or brand, something that can be termed as event marketing. Communication a message is often used in labor market fairs, also known as MICE (Meeting, Incentives, Conventions & Events) events. The result connects respondents with various themes to highlight similarities and differences. The most effective marketing methods and strategies are then highlighted which creates the analytical part where a new model has been constructed based on respondents' responses and the theoretical framework. The conclusion of the study answers the questions and highlights the majority of methods and strategies that before and after an event has been proven effective in event marketing. The study is based on the event Industrinatten and the methods and strategies presented are adapted to the marketing of the event but is also possible to apply in other types of events.

The work deals with the tax system of the Czech Republic. Closer it is dedicated to value added tax and corporate income tax. For these two taxes it shows the possibilities how to optimize through them the tax liability of the company. In the VAT it is mainly the possibility of demanding tax and group tax registration. In the area of income tax it is focused on optimization from the aspect of cost and utilization of deductible items and tax abatements. The aim of the practical part of this work is to outline possible procedures how to optimize the tax burden in a large company in accordance with valid tax laws, regulations, decrees.

The Mud Bay, British Columbia study site is located on eastern shores of Mud Bay, south of the Serpentine River, west of the King George & 99 highways, and north of the Nicomekl River in the Vancouver suburb of Surrey. The site consists of approximately 400 hectares of land. The site is bordered by a growing community on Panama Ridge to the north and Crescent Beach to the south who are exploring the study area. The site is also a rich biologically productive area that lies on the Pacific Flyway route for migratory birds. With the increasing population and the rich ecological significance of the site, it seems natural to explore the possibilities for a greenway on the site. This is further proven when looking at a map. One notices that Mud Bay sits as a greenway gap in Boundary Bay. To the east is the Boundary Bay Park Network, and to the south is Crescent Beach. If Mud Bay were to become a greenway, then one could potentially follow the Boundary Bay shore and walk from Blaine to Point Roberts USA and would form part of a border to border trail. Currently, when one reaches Mud Bay, one must leave the shore and travel far inland to regain the waterside trail. A Mud Bay greenway would fill in the gap for a greenway corridor along Boundary Bay. A Mud Bay greenway would also fill in the gap that the Serpentine Fen Nature Reserve has with Mud Bay. Currently, the Serpentine Fen Nature Reserve is separated from the Bay. With the creation of a Mud Bay greenway that is designed for the sensitive habitat, Serpentine Fen would be better connected with the bay and it would help maintain the site as important feeding and resting ground along the Pacific Flyway. These are the issues and factors that were considered in the project. The project developed a greenway that is sensitive to wildlife while allowing for recreation to take place within it. The greenway design is structured so that it can be implemented over a period of time to form the final design. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Architecture and Landscape Architecture (SALA), School of / Graduate

Master's Thesis describes topic of intergenerational communication, which is important part of society. It's goal is to suggest an effective communication strategy on workplace for managers. Each country perceives age differently; therefore the thesis is in general focused on Czech corporate environment. The theoretical part defines the concept of communication, internal communication of companies and communication styles of key generations of the late 20th century. The practical part includes questionnaire form with both open and closed questions and survey took place in selected organizations, operating in the Czech Republic.