<p>The research for this thesis started off as a long academic essay that sought to review a 1970s biography of Kenneth Kaunda.1 In its original focus, the study aimed at evaluating the work on the narrations of Kenneth Kaunda&rsquo / s life from a theoretical and critical perspective. Specifically it sought to evaluate the biography for its theoretical and methodological approaches, its attention to issues of sources, archives, narrative and history. In addition, it aimed at locating the biography in relation to debates over biography and history in South Africa. As I began my research for the long essay, it soon became apparent that the biography of Kenneth Kaunda ended its narration in 1964 and yet it was published ten years later in 1974. By ending its &lsquo / coverage&rsquo / of the narrations of Kenneth Kaunda&rsquo / s life in 1964, it seemed obvious that its coverage was in many ways similar to his autobiography that was published in 1962.2 The ending of the biography&rsquo / s coverage in 1964 thus seemed rather abrupt as it precluded any representations of the subject in the post 1964 period in which he had become President of Zambia. Kenneth Kaunda was&nbsp / resident of Zambia for nearly three decades (1964-1991) having led the &lsquo / final&rsquo / phase of the nationalist struggle for Independence through the United National Independence Party (UNIP). Surely, I surmised, the meanings of Kenneth Kaunda&rsquo / s life as nationalist leader, as presented in most of his biography, would differ from those of him as&nbsp / President? Upon evaluating the biography, it seemed to be a largely chronological and descriptive rather analytical account of the subject&rsquo / s life. However, what made it profound to me was the ways in which it entwined the narratives of Kenneth Kaunda&rsquo / s life with the events, dates 1 The biography of Kenneth Kaunda by Fergus Macpherson was the subject of the long essay. See Fergus Macpherson, Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia: The Times and the Man (Lusaka: Oxford University Press, 1974). 2 Kenneth D. Kaunda, Zambia Shall Be Free: An Autobiography (London: Heinemann Educational Books&nbsp / td, 1962). and activities of the history of the Zambian nation. Some accounts inadvertently referred to this interconnection by referring to Kenneth Kaunda as the &lsquo / founder of Zambia&rsquo / . My&nbsp / &nbsp / exposure to various other debates around the production of history in the public domain such as through museums and national heritage sites or monuments prompted me to consider undertaking a study of the post-1964 historiography of Kenneth Kaunda. Rather than attempting to fill Kenneth Kaunda&rsquo / s post-1964 historiographical gap with a chronological account of his political life, I wanted to trace the narratives of Kenneth Kaunda&rsquo / s life in connection with the production of history in different domains in Zambia. This thesis thus aims at examining the political auto/biographical narrations of Kenneth Kaunda in relation to the production of nationalist history and national heritage in Zambia in the years following the country&rsquo / s Independence in 1964.4 One of the key questions that this study sought to engage with was: how did the &lsquo / representations&rsquo / of Kenneth Kaunda influence the ways in which Zambia&rsquo / s post-independence nationalist history and national heritage were produced? In seeking to provide an answer to the question, the study evaluated the auto/biography of Kenneth Kaunda itself, as well as how it reflects in the history texts utilised in Zambian schools and in history in the public domain through national heritage sites or monuments and museum exhibitions. The thesis will show that in Zambia, the auto/biography of Kenneth Kaunda has acquired significance through history as school lesson and as history in the public domain, through the production of national heritage sites and museum exhibitions.</p>

The chemical properties of twelve Zambian soils, sampled from different agro-ecological zones, were studied especially for total and available micronutrient contents. Total contents ranged from 25.1 to 73.2, 5.2 to 116.5, 151 to 1297 μg g^-1 and 1.5 to 12.7% for Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe respectively. Available (DTPA-extractable) Zn and Cu, (hot-water-soluble) B and (ammonium oxalate-extractable) Mo contents were mostly low and for B and Mo often below the minimum critical limit for plant growth. This was especially the case for the highly leached soils of the high rainfall areas. Total Cu content of the soils was highly correlated with the extractable amounts. A selection of extractants was compared for B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn. The amounts extracted by the different extractants for each element were highly correlated with each other in most cases, especially for the 8 Cu extractants. Hydrochloric acid (0.1M)-extractable Cu had the lowest correlation coefficients with other extractable Cu contents; ranging from 0.609 to 0.758. Ammonium bicarbonate-DTPA-extractable Cu had the highest correlation with total soil contents. Magnesium chloride (1.0M) gave the lowest correlations among the extractants for Zn. The extractants evaluated for Fe and Mn correlated well with each other. In a pot experiment on one soil (Misamfu) and one wheat variety (Whydah), zinc application increased dry matter yield and plant concentration and uptake of both Zn and Cu. Copper application increased the concentration and uptake of Cu and Zn. Liming increased total dry matter and the uptake of both Zn and Cu. It decreased the residual DTPA-extractable Zn and Cu in soils and the shoot concentration of these nutrients. In another pot experiment, B application to two varieties (Aldan and Whydah) at the rate of 1.0 μg g^-1 increased grain yield for Aldan, but suppressed dry matter yield for both. The growth of wheat seedlings on agar was investigated to screen varieties for aluminium tolerance. Despite the problem of root establishment, there were differences between varieties in plant height and CO2 respiration rate.

Maximum wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields in Zambia were obtained with weekly irrigation at 85% of class A pan evaporation during the whole irrigation interval and split application of urea N of which the initial portion of the fertilizer was either broadcast and incorporated or broadcast after the crop had established itself. This corresponded with maximum utilization of fertilizer N. The proportion of N derived from fertilizer was independent of fertilizer placement at various water regimes and N utilization was primarily a function of water availability. / Two nonnodulating soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivars, Clark RJ1 and N77, or in their absence Pearl millet (Panicum glaucum L.) were judged to be appropriate reference crops for estimating N$ sb2$ fixation by soybeans using $ sp{15}{ rm N}$ isotope dilution techniques. A local soybean cultivar, Magoye, was rated highest among three cultivars tested for its ability to support N$ sb2$ fixation by Bradyrhizobium japonicum and contributed biologically fixed N$ sb2$ to a subsequent wheat crop.

Proefschrift Universiteit van Amsterdam. / Met samenvatting in het Nederlands voor niet medici.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Göteborgs Universitet. / Added thesis t.p. and abstract page inserted. Includes bibliographical references (p. [154]-163).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison. 1978. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 991-1023).

Thesis--University of Wisconsin--Madison. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 164-172).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1966. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

The thesis' discussion is by comparing Roman Catholic local Evangelisation in Western and Northern Provinces of Zambia with the focus on the Capuchins and White Fathers. Thus the thesis asserts with pastoral and missiological evidences that missionary activities carried by the capuchins and White Fathers occurred in a certain geographical, religious and sociological context. Hence faith encountered the culture of the Lozi and Bemba peoples in their given contextual milieu. As such this contextual milieu influenced their way of accepting Catholic faith inculcated in them by the early missionaries. As a matter of fact the two peoples received their catholic faith differently with the pointer to the way they responded to the teachings and doctrine of the church. This is exemplified in their levels of faith with the local church of Kasama having more Catholics compared to the local church of Mongu. Conclusively, early missionaries who came to evangelise Lozi and Bemba peoples had their original missionary impulse influenced by the Theology of mission, and to implantation of the church and the Church's teaching on missions. This theology contributed to the way they approached their evangelisation. Suffice to mention is the missionaries' differences in mentalities and cultural upbringing, compared to local people whom they encountered. White Fathers and Capuchins in their early evangelisation planted the seed of faith which has been received differently with the purpose and goal of making Christ and his message of, and invitation to, total human liberation known in both local churches of Kasama and Mongu. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M.Th. (Missiology)

The study looked at the religious implications of declaring Zambia a Christian nation. The conclusion arrived at was that Zambia is not a Christian nation because of the following reasons: • A nation cannot be Christian by proclamation, but by the life styles of individuals who call themselves Christians. • Zambia's constitution guarantees freedom for all religions found in Zambia. Individuals have a freedom to have or adopt a religion or belief of their own choice without being coerced by any means. • The declaration had no theological backing. The scriptures used in the declaration were out of context. • The declaration was po1itical as opposed to being religious. The supporters ofthe declaration argued that President Chiluba was appointed by God and whoever disagreed with him, disagreed with God. • Zambian Christianity is diverse in the sense that there are different denominations with different doctrines and emphasis. / Religious Studies and Arabic / M.A. (Religious Studies)