Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This Ph. D. Thesis presents a in deep study of the mechanism of resonant transition soft-switching techniques. By means of the principles that rules the PWM resonant transition converters, a novel tool for analysis and synthesis have been developed. This novel tool also permit to be verified some of the main factors that made possible to he ZVT technique to achieve its technology level. By means of this tool and with the definition of the basic requirements of the resonant transition converters a new concept concerning the ZCZVT technique have been generated, the ZCZVT converters with discontinuous auxiliary voltage source . The development of this new concept gives rise to a new family of ZCZVT converters with magnetically coupled auxiliary circuit. It also allowed a better perspective of the ZCZVT converters characteristics, advantages, drawbacks and limitations, which contributed significantly with the grown of the technology. Two of the six topologies with bi-directional auxiliary circuits proposed in the thesis have been mathematically analised. A design methodology based on constrains and dynamic characteristics of the IGBT and diode semiconductors under ZCS and ZVS conditions have been presented. Finally, experimental results proved the efficiency gain of the novel ZCZVT inverters with magnetically coupled auxiliary circuit. The ZCZVT inverter with magnetically coupled auxiliary circuit prototype have been compared with its Undeland snubber counterpart, presenting an efficiency of about 4% superior. It corroborates to the thesis proposal of developing novel topologies with better performance and simplicity. / O presente trabalho apresenta um estudo aprofundado do mecanismo de comutação presente nas técnicas de comutação suave com transição ressonante. Por meio da definição dos princípios que governam as comutações dos conversores PWM com transição ressonante, desenvolveu-se uma nova ferramenta para análise e síntese de novos circuitos com características aperfeiçoadas. Também através desta ferramenta de análise pode-se verificar alguns dos principais fatores que possibilitaram o amadurecimento da técnica de comutação ZVT. Com esta ferramenta e com a definição dos requisitos básicos para a operação dos conversores com transição ressonante foi gerado o conceito de conversores ZCZVT com fonte auxiliar descontínua. O desenvolvimento deste conceito deu origem a uma nova família de conversores ZCZVT com acoplamento magnético. O desenvolvimento de uma nova família de conversores ZCZVT permitiu uma melhor percepção das características destes circuitos e o amadurecimento da técnica de comutação suave ZCZVT. Duas das seis topologias de circuitos auxiliares bidirecionais propostas na tese para os novos inversores ZCZVT monofásicos com acoplamento foram analisadas matematicamente. Uma metodologia de projeto para estes inversores foi apresentada. Esta metodologia é baseada em restrições obtidas das características dinâmicas dos IGBTs e dos diodos que operam sob comutação em zero de corrente (ZCS) e zero de tensão (ZVS). Por fim, foram apresentados resultados experimentais que comprovam o ganho de eficiência do inversores ZCZVT com acoplamento magnético e circuitos auxiliares em derivação proposto. O protótipo do inversor ZCZVT foi comparado experimentalmente com um inversor utilizando snubber de Undeland, apresentando uma eficiência em média 4% superior. O que corroborou com a proposta inicial de desenvolver topologias ZCZVT com desempenho melhorado e maior simplicidade.

Les alcaloïdes indoliques monoterpéniques (AIM) sont des molécules à propriétés anti-tumorales extraites de Catharanthus roseus. Leur coût de production et les besoins encore importants de ces médicaments en chimiothérapie, en font des cibles majeures pour la recherche de stratégies de production plus efficaces. L’objectif de ce travail vise à identifier de nouveaux facteurs de transcription (FT) régulateurs de la production des AIM. Cette étude porte plus particulièrement sur la caractérisation fonctionnelle et l’implication dans la régulation de la biosynthèse des AIM, de protéines de la famille des WRKY (CrWRKYs) et des protéines de type doigt de zinc (ZCTs) précédemment isolées au sein de l’EA2106 « Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales ». Nos expériences ont révélé que, parmi ces protéines, CrWRKY22, CrWRKY32, ZCT1 et ZCT2 agissent en tant que facteurs de transcription et plus spécifiquement interagissent avec le promoteur du gène Crhds. Ce dernier code une enzyme de la voie du méthyl érythritol phosphate (MEP) considérée limitante pour la production des AIM. Ces travaux ont permis d’identifier de nouveaux FT ciblant la voie du MEP dont la régulation via les FT est encore peu élucidée à ce jour et d’envisager leur utilisation en ingénierie métabolique pour augmenter la production d’AIM par la modulation du flux terpénique chez C. roseus. / Monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIA) are molecules with anti-cancer properties from Catharanthus roseus. Their production cost and the important need in chemiotherapy make them major targets for the research of more efficient production strategies. The aim of this work is to identify new transcription factors (TF) that regulate MIA production. This study focuses especially on the functional characterization and the involvement in the MIA biosynthesis regulation, of proteins previously isolated in the EA2106 “Plant Biocompounds and Biotechnology” laboratory: 3 proteins that belong to the WRKY family (CrWRKYs) and 3 zinc finger proteins named ZCTs. Our experiments revealed that among them, CrWRKY22, CrWRKY32, ZCT1 and ZCT2 act as transcription factors and more specifically interact with the promoter of Crhds gene. Crhds encodes an enzyme of the methyl erythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway that is considered as limiting for MIA production. Our work allowed identifying new TFs targeting the MEP pathway those regulation through TFs is mostly unknown. Using such transcription factors in metabolic engineering could be now considered increasing MIA production by the modulation of terpenoid flux in C. roseus.