Revestimentos de zinco são utilizados, há muito tempo, como revestimentos protetores e decorativos para peças metálicas. A escolha do zinco se deve ao baixo custo do mesmo. No entanto, aplicações industriais têm exigido revestimentos à base de zinco com melhor desempenho com relação à resistência à corrosão e à resistência ao desgaste. Nesse sentido, ligas de zinco, bem como, revestimentos compósitos de zinco têm sido desenvolvidos, visando, por exemplo, a substituição de revestimentos de cádmio na indústria aeronáutica. Os revestimentos compósitos de zinco podem ser geralmente obtidos em banhos de zinco contendo partículas de argilo-minerais. Com base nisso, neste trabalho foi estudado o efeito da incorporação de partículas cerâmicas à matriz metálica de zinco. Partículas de talco e de bentonita foram utilizadas considerando o baixo custo e o caráter lubrificante das mesmas. Os revestimentos obtidos foram caracterizados por espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica, ensaios de polarização potenciostática, ensaios acelerados de corrosão, ensaio de desgaste do tipo pino-disco, interferometria ótica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os resultados mostraram que o comportamento eletroquímico do revestimento de zinco não é prejudicado pela incorporação de partículas. Além disso, a presença de partículas promove a redução da rugosidade do revestimento e atribui um caráter lubrificante ao revestimento ainda que reduções importantes do coeficiente de atrito não sejam observadas. / Zinc coatings have been used for long time as a protection coatings and decorative to metals parts. Zinc was chosen due to a low cost. However, industry applications have been requiring Zinc coatings, which have a better efficience at corrosion resistance and wear resistance. Zinc alloys and composites coatings of Zinc have been developed to replace cadmium coatings in aircraft industry, for example. Zinc composite coatings can be obtained in electrolytes that contain zinc plus ceramic particles. Because of that, the present work aim studying the ceramic particles, talc or bentonite, on their incorporation into metal matrix. Talc and bentonite particles were used due to their low cost and lubricant feature. The coatings obtained were evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiostatic polarization, salt spray, pin and disc wear, optical interferometry and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the features of the electrochemical zinc coating are not affected by the particles presence. Moreover, the particles presence promote the coating roughness decrease and gives to the coating a lubricant character although a decrease the friction coefficient had not been observed.

Revestimentos de zinco são utilizados, há muito tempo, como revestimentos protetores e decorativos para peças metálicas. A escolha do zinco se deve ao baixo custo do mesmo. No entanto, aplicações industriais têm exigido revestimentos à base de zinco com melhor desempenho com relação à resistência à corrosão e à resistência ao desgaste. Nesse sentido, ligas de zinco, bem como, revestimentos compósitos de zinco têm sido desenvolvidos, visando, por exemplo, a substituição de revestimentos de cádmio na indústria aeronáutica. Os revestimentos compósitos de zinco podem ser geralmente obtidos em banhos de zinco contendo partículas de argilo-minerais. Com base nisso, neste trabalho foi estudado o efeito da incorporação de partículas cerâmicas à matriz metálica de zinco. Partículas de talco e de bentonita foram utilizadas considerando o baixo custo e o caráter lubrificante das mesmas. Os revestimentos obtidos foram caracterizados por espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica, ensaios de polarização potenciostática, ensaios acelerados de corrosão, ensaio de desgaste do tipo pino-disco, interferometria ótica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os resultados mostraram que o comportamento eletroquímico do revestimento de zinco não é prejudicado pela incorporação de partículas. Além disso, a presença de partículas promove a redução da rugosidade do revestimento e atribui um caráter lubrificante ao revestimento ainda que reduções importantes do coeficiente de atrito não sejam observadas. / Zinc coatings have been used for long time as a protection coatings and decorative to metals parts. Zinc was chosen due to a low cost. However, industry applications have been requiring Zinc coatings, which have a better efficience at corrosion resistance and wear resistance. Zinc alloys and composites coatings of Zinc have been developed to replace cadmium coatings in aircraft industry, for example. Zinc composite coatings can be obtained in electrolytes that contain zinc plus ceramic particles. Because of that, the present work aim studying the ceramic particles, talc or bentonite, on their incorporation into metal matrix. Talc and bentonite particles were used due to their low cost and lubricant feature. The coatings obtained were evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiostatic polarization, salt spray, pin and disc wear, optical interferometry and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the features of the electrochemical zinc coating are not affected by the particles presence. Moreover, the particles presence promote the coating roughness decrease and gives to the coating a lubricant character although a decrease the friction coefficient had not been observed.

Revestimentos de zinco são utilizados, há muito tempo, como revestimentos protetores e decorativos para peças metálicas. A escolha do zinco se deve ao baixo custo do mesmo. No entanto, aplicações industriais têm exigido revestimentos à base de zinco com melhor desempenho com relação à resistência à corrosão e à resistência ao desgaste. Nesse sentido, ligas de zinco, bem como, revestimentos compósitos de zinco têm sido desenvolvidos, visando, por exemplo, a substituição de revestimentos de cádmio na indústria aeronáutica. Os revestimentos compósitos de zinco podem ser geralmente obtidos em banhos de zinco contendo partículas de argilo-minerais. Com base nisso, neste trabalho foi estudado o efeito da incorporação de partículas cerâmicas à matriz metálica de zinco. Partículas de talco e de bentonita foram utilizadas considerando o baixo custo e o caráter lubrificante das mesmas. Os revestimentos obtidos foram caracterizados por espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica, ensaios de polarização potenciostática, ensaios acelerados de corrosão, ensaio de desgaste do tipo pino-disco, interferometria ótica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os resultados mostraram que o comportamento eletroquímico do revestimento de zinco não é prejudicado pela incorporação de partículas. Além disso, a presença de partículas promove a redução da rugosidade do revestimento e atribui um caráter lubrificante ao revestimento ainda que reduções importantes do coeficiente de atrito não sejam observadas. / Zinc coatings have been used for long time as a protection coatings and decorative to metals parts. Zinc was chosen due to a low cost. However, industry applications have been requiring Zinc coatings, which have a better efficience at corrosion resistance and wear resistance. Zinc alloys and composites coatings of Zinc have been developed to replace cadmium coatings in aircraft industry, for example. Zinc composite coatings can be obtained in electrolytes that contain zinc plus ceramic particles. Because of that, the present work aim studying the ceramic particles, talc or bentonite, on their incorporation into metal matrix. Talc and bentonite particles were used due to their low cost and lubricant feature. The coatings obtained were evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiostatic polarization, salt spray, pin and disc wear, optical interferometry and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the features of the electrochemical zinc coating are not affected by the particles presence. Moreover, the particles presence promote the coating roughness decrease and gives to the coating a lubricant character although a decrease the friction coefficient had not been observed.

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Functional coatings produced using scalable and cost-effective processes such as electrodeposition and etching lead to the creation of random roughness at multiple length scales on the surface. The first part of thesis work aims at developing a fundamental mathematical understanding of multiscale coatings by presenting a fractal model to describe wettability on such surfaces. These surfaces are described with a fractal asperity model based on the Weierstrass-Mandelbrot function. Using this description, a model is presented to evaluate the apparent contact angle in different wetting regimes. Experimental validation of the model predictions is presented on various hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces generated on several materials under different processing conditions. Superhydrophobic surfaces have myriad industrial applications, yet their practical utilization has been severely limited by their poor mechanical durability and longevity. Toward addressing this gap, the second and third parts of this thesis work present low cost, facile processes to fabricate superhydrophobic copper and zinc-based coatings via electrodeposition. Additionally, systematic studies are presented on coatings fabricated under different processing conditions to demonstrate excellent durability, mechanical and underwater stability, and corrosion resistance. The presented processes can be scaled to larger, durable coatings with controllable wettability for diverse applications. Apart from their use as superhydrophobic surfaces, the application of multiscale coatings in photo-thermal conversion systems as solar selective coatings is explored in the final part of this thesis. The effects of scale-independent fractal parameters of the coating surfaces and heat treatment are systematically explored with respect to their optical properties of absorptance, emittance, and figure of merit (FOM). / Master of Science / Coatings are extensively used through various industries and serve a range of purposes such as providing protection, changing the physical and chemical properties, decoration, and adding other new properties to the base surface. Coatings produced using scalable and cost-effective processes such as electrodeposition and etching are inherently rough and have features ranging from micro- to nano-scale, leading to their multiscale nature. The first part of thesis work aims at developing a fundamental mathematical understanding of these rough coatings by presenting a model to describe and predict the wettability on such surfaces. Wettability of a surface is its ability to maintain contact with a liquid, resulting from intermolecular interactions when the two are brought together. Wettability for a solid surface is generally quantified by the contact angle, measured through the liquid, where a liquid-vapor interface meets the solid surface. A mathematical model is presented to evaluate the apparent contact angle on such multiscale rough surfaces. Experimental validation of the model predictions is presented on various hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces generated on several materials under different processing conditions. Superhydrophobic surfaces do not get wet by water and water droplet contact angle on these surfaces exceed 150°. Such surfaces have extensive industrial applications, yet their practical utilization has been severely limited by their poor mechanical durability and longevity. Toward addressing this gap, the second and third parts of this thesis work present low cost, facile processes to fabricate superhydrophobic copper and zinc-based coatings via electrodeposition. Additionally, systematic studies are presented on coatings fabricated under different processing conditions to demonstrate excellent durability, mechanical and underwater stability, and corrosion resistance. The presented processes can be scaled to larger, durable coatings with controllable wettability for diverse applications. Apart from their use as superhydrophobic surfaces, the application of multiscale coatings in photo-thermal conversion systems as solar selective coatings is explored in the final part of this iv thesis. Solar selective coatings aim to improve photo-thermal conversion efficiency by providing a high solar absorptance and low thermal emittance. Solar selective coatings ensure that maximum incoming solar radiation is absorbed into the surface and radiative losses due to emissions at high temperatures are minimized. The effects of scale-independent mathematical parameters of the coating surfaces and heat treatment are systematically explored with respect to their optical properties of absorptance, emittance, and figure of merit (FOM).