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Zugl.: Berlin, Freie Univ., Diss., 2007

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No description available.

This thesis examines the character of the unhappy bride in three French novels of the 19th century: Le Lys dans la vallee (1836) by Honore de Balzac, Madame Bovary (1857) by Gustave Flaubert and L'Assommoir (1877) by Emile Zola. It compares the heroines' tragic destinies based on the following points: childhood; education; marriage; the philosophy of love and psychology; and escapism and death. We are shown that it is education that leads to the philosophy of love, which is filled with ideas of platonic love, and that unhappy marriages involve compensation. Research by psychoanalyst Karen Horney is applied to the characters found in the novels to explain their deviant behaviour (masochism, bovarism, narcissism, detachment). Each heroine demonstrates a tendency towards the ideal and illusions inherited from romanticism. Their fates are sealed with the failure of their dreams and the victory of reality over fantasy.

In this thesis the process of adaptation from novel to film is examined. La Bête humaine by Emile Zola and the film version by Jean Renoir provide specific examples. The starting point is the assumption, often made by cinema audiences, that the film should be "faithful" to the novel upon which it is based. A statement made by Renoir regarding his efforts to be true to what he describes as the "spirit of the book" is quoted to illustrate the prevalence of this attitude. Novel and film are then compared in order to test Renoir's claim to fidelity. What is revealed are the differences between the two. Through an examination of character, action, and space some of the reasons for the director's departure from the novel begin to emerge and it becomes increasingly clear that Renoir was obliged to adopt a different approach. Theme and form are then examined and the organic nature of their relationship suggested. Finally, the departure of the film from the novel is traced to the very different ways in which the two media function — linearity in the written medium as opposed to simultaneity in the cinematic medium — and the indelible nature of the association of theme and form is confirmed. In conclusion, the view that the media should and do correspond is found to be mistaken, and Renoir's statement is re-evaluated and assessed as an attempt, by a director sensitive to the public's insistence on fidelity, to disarm criticism. / Arts, Faculty of / French, Hispanic, and Italian Studies, Department of / Graduate

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Avec l'émergence de la révolution industrielle, les populations rurales se dirigèrent vers les centres industriels nouveaux. S'y constitua un nouveau peuple, le peuple ouvrier, s’entassant dans les villes et dans les banlieues autour des usines. Surgirent de terre autour des manufactures industrielles des habitations destinées à minimiser la distance entre les logements et les lieux de travail. S'y Avec l'émergence de la révolution industrielle, les populations rurales se dirigèrent vers les centres industriels tissèrent des structures sociales simples, aboutissant à une nouvelle forme de ville : la ville industrielle, dont la caractéristique la plus importante, avant la présence du milieu ouvrier, réside dans celle d’une usine ou d’une mine, pleine d'objets et d'inventions mécaniques et techniques. La présente recherche se propose pour but de présenter cette ville industrielle en tant que produit le plus typique du XIXe siècle, avec ses composants techniques et ses habitants ouvriers. La ville s'y envisage comme l'un des berceaux les plus importants des romans, ceux-ci allant jusqu'à la prendre comme support de leur intrigue. Sans négliger l’importance considérable de la machine dans le bouleversement de la vie quotidienne ni oublier que la révolution technique est portée et manifestée par elle, la thèse analyse à travers ces romans le rôle de ces objets bruyants et imposants, ses machines, dans la formation de la ville industrielle, aussi bien que dans la vie de ses habitants. L'étude se complète par un portrait des ouvriers, ces utilisateurs des machines et ces incarnations de la technique et de l’industrie, dans leur vie, leur travail et leurs habitudes. Avec la littérature du XIXe siècle et surtout le mouvement naturaliste, ce peuple se trouve pour la première fois considéré dans la monotonie quotidienne de son existence, dans ses petits drames, ses mœurs, sa mentalité. Apparaissent de la sorte les effets néfastes de l’industrialisation et du machinisme sur la vie de ces personnes, auxquels certains auteurs remédient par la création d'utopies. / With the emergence of the industrial revolution, country people moved to the new industrial centers. Through this movement appeared a new social class, the working class, crowding in the cities and also in the suburbs around the factories. To minimize the distance between the places of work and the residences, a lot habitations appear suddenly out of earth around industrial factories. In those areas, simple social structures were created leading to a new city shape: the industrial city whose main characteristic, before the setting of the working class, is the factory or the mine, places full of industrial items, mechanical inventions and techniques. The present research aims at introducing this industrial city as the most typical product of the nineteenth century through its technical components and its working class. The city is considered as one of the main element in the novel as far as becoming the basic and strong support of their intrigue. Without neglecting the substancial and amazing effect and the consequences of the machine in the daily life and without forgetting that the technical revolution is supported and materialized by the machine itself, the thesis analyses, through the studied novels, the role of those machines in the emergence of the industrial city as well as its effects in the daily life of the working class. The study is developed by a portrait of the working class, main users of the machines and a description of the technical and industrial incarnations in their lifes, their work and their habits. With the nineteenth century's literature and especially through the naturalist movement, this social class is for the first time analysed by considering its monotonous daily life, its little dramas, its manners and its mentality. Therefore the negative effects of the industrialization and of the mechanization on the working class appear in the literature, and some writers try to solve the problem by creating utopia.