abstract: Since its inception about three decades ago, silicon on insulator (SOI) technology has come a long way to be included in the microelectronics roadmap. Earlier, scientists and engineers focused on ways to increase the microprocessor clock frequency and speed. Today, with smart phones and tablets gaining popularity, power consumption has become a major factor. In this thesis, self-heating effects in a 25nm fully depleted (FD) SOI device are studied by implementing a 2-D particle based device simulator coupled self-consistently with the energy balance equations for both acoustic and optical phonons. Semi-analytical expressions for acoustic and optical phonon scattering rates (all modes) are derived and evaluated using quadratic dispersion relationships. Moreover, probability distribution functions for the final polar angle after scattering is also computed and the rejection technique is implemented for its selection. Since the temperature profile varies throughout the device, temperature dependent scattering tables are used for the electron transport kernel. The phonon energy balance equations are also modified to account for inelasticity in acoustic phonon scattering for all branches. Results obtained from this simulation help in understanding self-heating and the effects it has on the device characteristics. The temperature profiles in the device show a decreasing trend which can be attributed to the inelastic interaction between the electrons and the acoustic phonons. This is further proven by comparing the temperature plots with the simulation results that assume the elastic and equipartition approximation for acoustic and the Einstein model for optical phonons. Thus, acoustic phonon inelasticity and the quadratic phonon dispersion relationships play a crucial role in studying self-heating effects. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Electrical Engineering 2013

Orientador: Rubens Maciel Filho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T19:47:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fontana_GeraldoLuizPereira_M.pdf: 981308 bytes, checksum: e96f60ebd2b200494639878583e49542 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: Este trabalho descreve alterações significativas do programa computacional, DENZ, o qual é aplicado para o estudo das conseqüências de lançamentos acidentais de grandes quantidades de gases pesados, isto é, gases tóxicos e inflamáveis mais pesados do que o ar. Contém também uma discussão das razões da importância deste estudo e descreve as características e o comportamento dessas substâncias. Com estas alterações é possível rodar o programa computacional em microcomputadores. A característica mais importante na dispersão destes gases é o fenômeno do afundamento gravitacional. Esta importante característica pode levar a rápida formação de nuvens tóxicas que podem afetar pessoas que estão nas proximidades ou no sentido do vento. A segunda e importante característica de dispersão de gás denso é que, quando o afundando termina, a ação da turbulência atmosférica dilui a nuvem de tal modo que a taxa de crescimento da altura de nuvem é consideravelmente pequena, se comparada com uma pluma passiva. Isto significa que, a entrada de ar no cilindro gasoso formado é suprimida na presença de um gradiente de densidade. Como a nuvem é diluída e mais fresca, as diferenças de temperatura com os arredores são menores e a densidade se aproxima do ar circunvizinho. Desta forma ela pode ser tratada como um gás passivo, e no momento apropriado, pode ser tratada como uma ¿pluma convencional¿ que usa modelos padrões de dispersão atmosférica. A predição correta e o entendimento do fenômeno da dispersão de gases densos representa uma poderosa ferramenta para a tomada de decisões, como também pode ser empregada no treinamento de pessoas em situações emergências nas fábricas / Abstract: This work describes significant alterations in the computer code, DENZ, which is applied to the study of the consequences of accidentally releasing large quantities of heavy, i.e. havier than air, toxic or flammable gases to the atmosphere. lt also contains a discussion of the reasons why the study of such substances is necessary and describes the characteristic features of their behaviour. With this alterations it is possible to run the computer code in a microcomputer PC, including the additionals graphical facilities as well as friendly interface. The most interesting characteristic of the dispersion of such type of gas is the phenomenon of gravitational driven slumping. This important feature can lead to the rapid formation of toxic clouds which may affect people standing close to the release or even upwind. The second and important feature of dense gas dispersion considered is that, once slumping is terminated, the action of atmospheric turbulence dilutes the cloud in such a way that the rate of growth of the cloud height is considerably smaller than that expected for a passive plume. This means that the entrainment of air is suppressed in the presence of a density gradient. As the cloud is diluted and becomes warmer, due to heat transfer with the surrounding, its density approaches that of the surrounding air. lt becomes increasingly like a passive gas, and, in due course may be treated as a ¿conventional¿ plume using standard models of atmospheric dispersion. The predictions allow the understanding of the dispersion phenomenon on dense gases and represent a powerfull tool to take decisions as well as can be employed in personnel training in factory emergency situations / Mestrado / Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos / Mestre em Engenharia Química

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:37:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:03:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 02035.pdf: 5072972 bytes, checksum: 35b1e5339204e26ba5bab9ad7bcf8a76 (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

This study examines the relationship between in ation and price dispersion during the hyperin ationary episode in Brazil. We look at micro data on price dynamics through the perspective of dispersion at the store level, building on the informational consequences of high price dispersion. Rather than focus on which theoretical framework best explains the relative price variability seen on the data, we focus on a top-down approach to the information embedded in prices: we analyze price setting behavior from the perspective of economic segments as whole and from the perspective of each seller taken individually. In the former case we seek to answer the following: do higher levels of in ation favor higher price dispersion? In the latter, we focus on the time-series properties of each of more than 150 real price trajectories in both high and low in ation periods. We provide further empirical evidence of the loss of information embedded in prices, be it deriving from greater overall dispersion or from a greater volatility in each seller\'s price trajectory relative to its peers\'. Our findings extend previous results, accounting for a higher level of in ation, a longer time span and a broader selection of items. / Este trabalho investiga a relação entre inflação e dispersão de preços durante a experiência de hiperinflação vivida no Brasil. Estudamos micro dados de preços sob a perspectiva da dispersão no nível do vendedor, buscando evidências das consequências informacionais de uma alta dispersão de preços. Ao invés de investigar qual arcabouço teórico melhor explica a variabilidade de preços relativos encontrada nos dados, focamos em uma abordagem sobre a informação incorporada nos preços que vai do geral para o particular: analisamos primeiramente a formação de preços de maneira agregada e depois sob o ponto de vista do vendedor individualmente. No primeiro caso queremos responder à seguinte pergunta: níveis maiores de inflação geram níveis maiores de dispersão de preços? No segundo caso, focamos nas características das séries temporais de mais de 150 trajetórias de preços reais tanto para o período de alta inflação quanto para o período pós-estabilização. Fornecemos evidências empíricas adicionais da diminuição do caráter informacional dos preços, resultante tanto de uma maior dispersão das distribuições de preços, quanto da maior volatilidade na trajetória individual dos preços, relativamente aos preços dos concorrentes. Nossos resultados estendem trabalhos anteriores uma vez que considera um ambiente de inflação mais alta e mais volátil, um horizonte de tempo maior e uma seleção mais ampla de produtos.

Neste trabalho propõe-se uma análise da dispersão de material particulado gerado por fontes estacionárias, aplicando ferramentas de Fluidodinâmica Computacional (em inglês Computatonal Fluid Dynamics, CFD), usando um modelo Euleriano para o escoamento e Lagrangeano para as partículas, em estado estacionário no software Fluent. A verificação da modelagem é apresentada em duas sessões, a primeira compreende o estudo do escoamento atmosférico em condições de estabilidade neutra incluindo os efeitos das heterogeneidades do terreno, no caso, um monte de 126m de altura em escala real. Foram comparados diferentes modelos de turbulência: padrão, RNG e parametrizado para o caso atmosférico. Os três modelos apresentaram desempenho semelhante e descrevem satisfatoriamente as tendências dos dados experimentais. A segunda, o modelo lagrangeano baseado no tempo de vida dos turbilhões (em inglês Discrete Random Walk, DRW) foi utilizado para representar a distribuição de concentrações de material particulado em um ambiente confinado. Os resultados numéricos descrevem satisfatoriamente os perfis de concentrações das partículas, porém subestimam os valores na região próxima à parede, o que indicaria que uma melhor aproximação da deposição das partículas deve ser considerada. Após estes estudos, esta abordagem euleriana-lagrangeana foi aplicada ao caso da dispersão de material particulado em condições de atmosfera neutra em uma região do Polo Cerâmico de Santa Gertrudes-SP, local responsável pela maior produção de revestimentos cerâmicos do Brasil. O trânsito de caminhões nas estradas não pavimentadas foi identificado como fonte de material particulado que atinge o perímetro urbano da cidade. Estudaram-se também as contribuições das atividades referentes à exploração das minas de argila e a preparação do solo para uso agrícola, apesar desta última não soma uma carga relevante ao ser comparada com as duas anteriores. Além da influência das fontes mencionadas, fontes de origem industriais localizadas dentro da cidade também foram consideradas no cenário. / In this study an analysis of the dispersion of particulate matter generated by stationary sources is proposed, by applying Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools, using an Eulerian model for the flow and a Lagrangean model for the particles, under steady-state conditions in the Fluent software. The model validation is presented in two sessions, the first comprises the study of the atmospheric flow under conditions of neutral stability, including the effects of the heterogeneities of the terrain. In this case, the air flow past a 126m high hill in real scale was adopted. Different turbulence models were compared: standard k-?, k-? RNG and parametrized k-?. The three models presented similar performance and described satisfactorily the trends of the experimental data. Subsequently, the Lagrangean model based on the Eddy life time (DRW - Discrete Random Walk) was used to represent the distribution of particulate matter concentrations in a confined environment. The numerical results satisfactorily describe the particle concentration profiles, but underestimate the values in the region near the wall, which would indicate that a better approximation of the particle deposition should be considered. After these studies, this Eulerian- Lagrangean approach was applied to the case of dispersion of particulate material under neutral atmosphere conditions in a region around the city of Santa Gertrudes-SP, where the Ceramic Complex is responsible for the largest production of ceramic tiles in Brazil. Transit of trucks on unpaved roads has been identified as a source of particulate matter that reaches the urban perimeter of the city. The contributions of the activities related to mining and the preparation of the soil for agricultural use were also studied, although this last one does not add a significant load when compared with the two previous ones. In addition to the influence of the mentioned sources, industrial sources located inside the city also contribute to the scenario.

A nimesulida é um fármaco pertencente à classe terapêutica dos compostos antiinflamatórios não esteróides (AINES), agentes farmacológicos muito utilizados pela população brasileira. Este fármaco possui a propriedade de inibir seletivamente a enzima ciclooxigenase do tipo II (COX-2), uma das responsáveis pela proteção tecidual e redução dos efeitos adversos da maioria dos antiinflamatórios, tais como a gastropatia e a nefropatia. Esta característica de seletividade confere a nimesulida vantagens em relação aos AINES não seletivos. Trata-se de um fármaco praticamente insolúvel em água que está enquadrado no grupo II do Sistema de Classificação Biofarmacêutico (SCB). Diante do exposto, os objetivos deste trabalho foram a obtenção e a caracterização de dispersões sólidas do fármaco nimesulida, mediante a utilização de polímeros hidrossolúveis (PVP, plasdone S630 e poloxamer P188 e P407). As dispersões sólidas foram obtidas pelo método da evaporação da solução de solventes acetona:etanol (1:1) utilizados para a solubilização da nimesulida e polímeros, respectivamente, mediante a utilização de rota-vapor à temperatura não superior a 45°C e pressão reduzida. A caracterização da nimesulida e das dispersões sólidas obtidas foi realizada utilizando-se as seguintes técnicas: difratometria de raios X; espectroscopia de absorção na região do infravermelho; técnicas termoanalíticas, como, calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC) e termogravimetria (TG); microscopioa eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e difratometria a laser para a determinação do tamanho de partículas. A nimesulida utilizada na preparação das dispersões sólidas demonstrou mudança de hábito cristalino após a obtenção das dispersões sólidas. A avaliação da solubilidade da nimesulida e das dispersões sólidas obtidas foi determinada por meio do método do equilíbrio e avaliação espectrofotométrica. Os resultados demonstraram que a a formação das dispersões sólidas implica: na prevalência das características do polímero sobre as características da nimesulida, que aumenta à medida que a proporção de polímero é aumentada; na alteração do perfil de difração de raios X da nimesulida, tornando o perfil difratométrico da dispersão sólida mais semelhante ao do polímero; na mudança do comportamento térmico (curvas de DSC e TG) ; e na possível mudança do hábito cristalino da nimesulida Adicionalmente, os resultados dos ensaios de solubilidade permitiram demonstrar o aumento solubilidade da nimesulida em todas as preprações de dispersões sólidas obtidas, sendo que para as dispersões sólidas que utilizaram os polímeros poloxamer P188 e P407, observou-se que incremento na solubilidade foi de até quatro vezes se os valores forem comparados com a solubilidade da nimesulida pura. / Nimesulide belongs to the therapeutical class of the non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and it´s considered to be very used by the Brazilian population. Nimesulide has the property to inhibit selectively the ciclooxigenase enzyme (COX-2), one of the responsible for the tecidual protection and the reduction of the adverse effect, such as gastropatia and nefropatia. The selective characteristic confers to nimesulida advantages in relation to the not selective NSAIDs. Nimesulide is practically insoluble in water and it´s been classified as group II in the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS). The objectives of this study had been the attainment and the characterization of nimesulide solid dispersions by means of hydrosoluble polymers used as carriers as (pvp, plasdone S630 and poloxamer P188 and P407) in acetone:ethanol solution (1:1).The solid dispersions have been obtained by the evaporation method, using route-vapor at maximum temperature of 45°C and under reduced pressure. The characterization of the nimesulide dispersions was carried by using the following techniques: X- rays difratometry; spectroscopy of absorption in the region of the infra-red ray; thermoanalytical techniques as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG); scanning eletronically microscopy (SEM) and laser difratometry for the particle size determination. The evaluation of the solubility of the nimesulide and the respective solid dispersions was determined by means of the equilibrium method and spectrophotometric evaluation. The results have demonstrated that the preparation of solid dispersions implies: the prevalence of the characteristics of polymer on the characteristics of the nimesulide, which increases with the increase of the carrier quantity in the solid dispersion; the modification of the difratometry profile that shows to acquire some polymer profile characteristics; the change of the thermal behavior (curves of DSC and TG); and the possible change of the crystalline habit. Additionally, the results of the solubility assays for all preparation have allowed to demonstrate the increase of the nimesulide solubility. The solid dispersion containing polymer carrier P188 and P407 have demonstrated the largest solubility results reaching up to four times if compared to the solubility of the pure nimesulida.

[pt] A utilização de redes de Bragg com chirp em fibra, para compensação dos efeitos da dispersão cromática, é uma técnica promissora que permite o aumento progressivo da capacidade de canalização dos sistemas ópticos. Dentre as diversas técnicas para a compensação da dispersão, sendo propostas nos tempos correntes, o emprego da rede de Bragg em fibra tem se mostrado o mais exequível em virtude de serem passivas, relativamente fáceis de fabricar, de boa reprodutibilidade e alto grau de integrabilidade aos sistemas. Este trabalho mostra a aplicação desse dispositivo em experimentos de compensação de dispersão com o emprego de modulação direta e externa em diferentes taxas de transmissão. / [en] The use of in-fibre Bragg gratings with dispersion compensating purposes, is a promissing technique for the increasing optical systems bitrate pace development. Among the various dispersion compensation techniques, in-fibre Bragg gratings had proven, to be the most feasible. They are passive, higly reproducible, relatively easy to fabricate at reasonable costs and have a good degree of integrability. This dissertation exploits significant aspects of the Bragg fibre grating fabrication and its employment as dispersion compensation device.

Ce travail de thèse concerne l’étude du processus d’instabilité modulationnelle (MI) dans des fibres optiques présentant un profil de dispersion périodique. La MI est un phénomène bien connu mais la majorité des études réalisées dans le contexte des fibres optiques concerne le cas de dispersion uniforme axialement. L’objectif de ces travaux est de démontrer expérimentalement l’établissement de la MI dans une fibre optique micro-structurée (PCF) dont la dispersion varie de façon sinusoïdale. La première partie présente les principales caractéristiques des fibres optiques et les principaux processus physiques mis en jeu, ainsi que les outils de simulations numériques employés. La seconde partie débute par une présentation du contexte de l’étude et est ensuite consacrée aux résultats. Tout d’abord, nous introduisons le concept du mécanisme de quasi-accord de phase (QPM) dans les systèmes périodiques longitudinaux. Ensuite, nous présentons la démonstration expérimentale du processus de MI dans ce type de fibre. Le spectre obtenu est composé de dix lobes de MI sur 10 THz. De plus, nous proposons une description détaillée de la dynamique de formation des différents lobes de MI. Nous démontrons théoriquement et expérimentalement la génération d’une nouvelle famille de lobes de MI due à une combinaison entre la dispersion oscillante et la dispersion d’ordre quatre. Enfin, cette seconde partie est clôturée par l’élaboration d’un outil analytique, basé sur le modèle à trois ondes tronqué. Il permet d’interpréter simplement la dynamique de formation des lobes de MI et de contrôler le spectre de MI d’une fibre à dispersion oscillante. / This thesis concerns the modulation instability (MI) process in optical fibers with a periodic dispersion landscape. MI is a well-known phenomenon but in the context of optical fibers most studies were performed in the presence of uniform dispersion. The aim of this work is to experimentally demonstrate the MI process in a special type of fiber: a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) presenting a sinusoidal dispersion profile. Part 1 focuses on the main characteristics of optical fibers, on the main physical processes occurring in fibers and on three numerical tools used. Part 2 starts with the context of the study. First, we introduce the quasi-phase matching (QPM) mechanism in longitudinal periodic systems. Then, we report an experimental demonstration of the MI process in this kind of fiber. The experimental MI spectrum is composed of ten MI lobes in a range of 10 THz. We propose a detailed description of MI lobes dynamics. We then study the impact of fourth-order dispersion on the MI process in DOFs. We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally the presence of a new MI windows due to a combination of oscillating second-order dispersion and fourth-order dispersion. Finally, this second part ends with the development of an analytical tool based on the truncated three-wave model. It allows simple interpretations of MI lobes dynamics during their propagation. We show that this tool is very accurate and allows controlling MI spectrum of a DOF.

Ces travaux de thèse portent sur l’instabilité paramétrique survenant dans les cavités optiques fibrées passives en anneau, induite par une modulation longitudinale de la dispersion chromatique. Dans les cavités optiques, le processus d’instabilité modulationnelle est connu pour être susceptible de déstabiliser l’état stationnaire et de le transformer en un train stable d’impulsions. Nous décrivons dans ce travail comment une variation longitudinale de la dispersion à l’intérieur de la cavité enrichie la dynamique de ce type de dispositif en engendrant un régime d’instabilité paramétrique. Nous détaillons l’étude théorique de ce nouveau mécanisme ce qui nous permet d’en identifier les signatures spectrales et temporelles, parmi lesquels, la génération de multiples pics de résonances dans le spectre optique et l’apparition d’une dynamique de doublement de période dans le domaine temporel. Nous avons réalisé de tels résonateurs afin de confirmer expérimentalement nos prédictions. Le modèle que nous avons retenu consiste à réaliser un anneau en soudant entre elles des fibres uniformes présentant des dispersions différentes. En terme de résultats, nous avons tout d’abord observé pour la première fois l’apparition des instabilités modulationnelle et paramétrique dans un même système, pour ensuite s’intéresser à leur dynamique. Cette dernière est accessible grâce à des méthodes de détection en temps réel à la fois spectrale et temporelle. Nous avons ainsi pu observer avec une précision remarquable l’émergence des instabilités, le doublement de période associé au régime paramétrique ainsi que l’apparition d’un nombre record de résonances paramétriques dans notre système. / This thesis work deals with the parametric instability occurring in passive optical fiber-ring cavities, which is induced by a longitudinal modulation of the chromatic dispersion. In optical cavities, the modulation instability process is known to potentially destabilize the stationary state and turn it into a stable train of pulses. We describe in this work how a longitudinal variation of the dispersion inside the cavity enriches the dynamics of this type of device by entailing a regime of parametric instability. We detail the theoretical study of this new mechanism, which allows us to identify its spectral and temporal signatures, among which, the generation of multiple resonance peaks in the optical spectrum and the appearance of a period doubling dynamics in the time domain. We have realized such resonators in order to confirm experimentally our predictions. The model we have chosen simply consists in building a ring by splicing together uniform fibers characterized by different dispersions. In terms of results, we first observed the emergence of both modulational and parametric instabilities in the same system, before investigating their dynamics. The latter is accessible thanks to real-time spectral and temporal detection methods. We thus observed with remarkable precision the emergence of the instabilities, the period doubling associated to the parametric regime and the appearance of a record number of parametric resonances in our system.

De nombreuses applications pratiques ou industrielles, telles que l’étude de la dispersion atmosphérique de polluants, la qualité de l’air, la micro-météorologie en terrain complexe et l’évaluation du potentiel éolien, nécessitent la prédiction précise de l’écoulement atmosphérique à une échelle dite locale (environ 10 km horizontalement). Le travail de recherche dans le cadre de cette thèse s’inscrit donc dans la proposition d’une chaine de méthodologies et de modélisations permettant de simuler l’écoulement atmosphérique à cette échelle, avec une résolution spatiale horizontale hectométrique. Tout d’abord, nous nous sommes intéressés à la modélisation de la turbulence dans la couche limite atmosphérique (CLA). Pour cela, nous avons choisi le modèle RANS k− ε (déjà largement utilisé dans la littérature), ainsi que le modèle RANS Ri j − ε afin de simuler l’anisotropie de la turbulence. Nous avons ainsi pu vérifier la nécessité d’utiliser les constantes de Duynkerke (1988) pour l’atteinte des niveaux de turbulence atmosphérique avec le modèle k− ε. Dans cette optique, nous avons également développé un nouveau jeu de constantes atmosphériques pour le modèle Ri j − ε. Finalement, nous avons proposé un modèle théorique capable de reproduire les caractéristiques turbulentes de l’écoulement pour n’importe quel temps d’intégration, permettant ainsi de trouver une continuité entre les constantes « standards » et les constantes « atmosphériques » des modèles de turbulence. D’autre part, nous avons développé l’approche de modélisation « CFD 1D-3D », qui consiste en l’utilisation d’un modèle CFD 1D afin de fournir les profils verticaux nécessaires pour forcer le code CFD 3D en données météorologiques (utilisé en topographie complexe). Le modèle 1D a été développé au cours de cette thèse avec les modèles de turbulence k− ε et Ri j− ε. Il a été validé grâce à une comparaison avec des résultats empiriques et théoriques issus de la littérature. Cette comparaison a montré des résultats très encourageants de ce modèle dans la simulation de la CLA en sol plat. De plus, la méthodologie « CFD 1D-3D » a été évaluée grâce à une comparaison avec des mesures en soufflerie en présence d’un relief complexe : les résultats sont globalement très satisfaisants. Ces comparaisons ont permis enfin de valider le nouveau jeu de constantes pour le modèle Ri j− ε. Finalement, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’utilisation de calculs CFD partiellement convergés comme moyen de réduction du temps CPU des codes CFD, dans des contextes d’utilisation opérationnelle. Dans cette optique, nous avons montré que l’on arrive à une solution dont l’erreur est faible par rapport à la solution convergée (< 10% d’erreur), avec un temps CPU de l’ordre de 5%−10% du temps nécessaire pour atteindre la convergence. C’est un résultat très intéressant car il permet de réduire considérablement le temps de calcul, tout en gardant une erreur faible devant l’incertitude générale de l’approche CFD. / Many practical and industrial applications, such as the study of atmospheric dispersion of pollutants, air quality,micro-meteorology in complex terrain and wind assessment, require accurate prediction of the atmospheric flow at a so-called local scale (approximately 10 km horizontally). Therefore, the main objective in this thesis is to propose a chain of methodologies capable of simulating the atmospheric flow at this scale, with a horizontal hectometric spatial resolution. First of all, we were interested in modeling of turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). In addition to the largely used RANS k−ε model, we considered the use of the RANS Ri j− ε model as a way of simulating turbulence anisotropy.We were able to verify the necessity of using the Duynkerke (1988) constants in order to achieve atmospheric levels of turbulence with the k− ε model. In a similar way, we also developed a new set of atmospheric constants for the Ri j− ε model. Finally, we proposed a theoretical model capable of reproducing the main characteristics of a turbulent flow for any given sampling duration, thus allowing a more continuous approach between « standard » and « atmospheric » constants for turbulence models. Also, in this thesis, we developed the « CFD 1D-3D » modeling approach. It is based on the use of a 1D CFD model as a way of providing vertical profiles of meteorological data for boundary conditions of a 3D CFD code, used in complex terrain. This 1D model was developed as a part of the thesis, along with k− ε and Ri j − ε turbulence models. It was validated by being compared with empirical and theoretical results. The comparisons showed very encouraging results concerning the ability of this model in simulating ABL in the presence of a flat terrain. In addition, the « CFD 1D- 3D » methodology was assessed by comparison with wind tunnel measurements in the presence of complex terrain, which showed very satisfactory resultst. These comparisons also validated the newly developed set of constants for the Ri j− ε model. Finally, we studied the use of partially converged CFD as a way of reducing the CPU time of CFD simulations for operational purposes. We therefore demonstrated that we can achieve a low error solution (< 10% error compared with the converged solution), with a CPU time of about 5%−10% of the time required to achieve convergence. This result was very interesting because the methodology significantly reduces the computational time while maintaining a low error as compared to the overall uncertainty of the CFD approach.