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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Development of Alternating Current Scanning Electrochemical Methods to Map Chemical Species

Kaumal, Migelhewa Nidarsha 12 May 2012 (has links)
This dissertation focuses on developing new methods using the scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) to produce chemical concentration maps of different chemical species on various surfaces. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and transition metal ion maps were generated, indicating the presence or absence of relative types of chemical species on the surface. Imaging of both species was based on a modified scanning UME tip and monitoring the change in the tip impedance. 4-Nitrobenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate was used as the main modifier, and resultant nitrophenyl groups on the modified electrodes were electrochemically converted to aniline to yield the two types of modified electrodes. In the presence of ROS, a permanent change in the impedance accompanies reaction of the surface layer with the ROS, and this change can be used to map the localized reactive species. The spot scanning method was introduced over continuous scanning to enhance the sensitivity. This enhanced method generated a more effective method to map ROS compared to the diAC/dxmajor image in the continuous scanning method. Images obtained by this sacrificial method show that alternating current SECM (AC-SECM) can be used to map ROS on a surface. The capacitive change gives direct indication of the concentration of these highly reactive species. Transition metal ions showed a partially reversible adsorption with aniline-modified electrodes. Localized concentrations of buffered copper and nickel divalent cations were generated by pumping through a micro-capillary embedded in a substrate. Copper and nickel ions on these substrates were mapped successfully. A solution of calcium ions was used as the negative control. Biased nickel, copper, and lead wire-embedded substrates were line scanned to validate these results. An aniline-modified electrode was placed away from the metal wire and the time taken for metal ions to reach the electrode tip was measured after a voltage pulse. These data were compared with calculated diffusion times. Both systems were optimized using the medium pH, scan rates, and tip potentials. AC-SECM coupled with modified electrodes showed the capability of mapping both ROS and some transition metal ions semi-quantitatively.
2

DEVELOPPEMENT DE LA TECHNIQUE DE MICROSCOPIE ELECTROCHIMIQUE A BALAYAGE EN MODE COURANT ALTERNATIF : MECANISMES ET CINETIQUES REACTIONNELS

Dao, Trinh 17 October 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Les techniques électrochimiques locales comme la microscopie électrochimique à balayage (SECM) permettent, au moyen d'une ultramicroélectrode utilisée comme sonde locale, de caractériser la topographie ou la réactivité locale de la surface d'un substrat. Cependant, il faut noter que la SECM a largement été utilisée dans des conditions stationnaires.<br /><br /> L'objectif de ce travail a été de développer la technique SECM en mode courant alternatif (ac-SECM) tant d'un point de vue expérimental que théorique. Le mode ac-SECM a tout d'abord été utilisé pour caractériser un processus électrochimique simple (le ferri/ferrocyanure en solution aqueuse) afin de calibrer la contribution spécifique du transport de matière entre la sonde et le substrat et les processus se déroulant au niveau du substrat.<br /><br /> Dans une seconde étape, cette nouvelle approche a été utilisée pour la caractérisation des processus d'adsorption lors de la réaction de dégagement d'hydrogène (HER) dans une solution d'acide sulfurique. Il a été montré que cette technique permet l'analyse quantitative des processus d'adsorption, et les mesures de la capacité différentielle en fonctionde la fréquence ont pu ête obtenus. La constante de temps pour la relaxation de l'hydrogène adsorbé est d'environ 2 Hz, et l'analyse du diagramme de Nyquist permet une évaluation directe de la charge impliquée. En outre, la comparaison des impédances électrochimique traditionnelles et des résultats de ac-SECM obtenus simultanément permet la caractérisation des processus qui se produisent à la surface et en solution.<br /><br />

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