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Accès aux médicaments et propriété intellectuelle / Access to medicines and intellectual propertyViard, Claire-Marie 15 December 2017 (has links)
Accès, propriété, médicament. Comment s’articulent l’accès et la propriété sur un bien aussi spécifique que le médicament ? Telle fut notre interrogation de départ. Opposer la propriété intellectuelle et l’accès peut surprendre. La propriété intellectuelle n’organise-t-elle pas l’exclusivité dans le partage ? Pourquoi alors invoquer l’accès à un bien approprié ? Répondre à ces questions nous a conduit à nous intéresser aux fondements de la propriété industrielle et à en étudier l’étendue. Le constat fut sans appel : le droit de la propriété intellectuelle s’est considérablement étendu. Longtemps rejeté du domaine brevetable, le médicament illustre ce mouvement. Dans de telles conditions, il n’est pas étonnant de voir émerger l’accès. À l’extension des droits de l’un répond un droit d’accès de l’autre. C’est donc d’abord une confrontation qui caractérise le rapport entre la propriété intellectuelle et l’accès aux médicaments. Pouvait-on en rester à ce constat d’une confrontation de logique ? La cohérence dus système juridique imposait de rechercher des mécanismes d’articulation. Trouver une combinaison est une nécessité. Il convenait d’étudier les mécanismes offerts par le droit de la propriété industrielle. Leurs caractères exceptionnels demeurent insuffisants. Aussi a-t-on tenter de proposer des mécanismes structurels / Access, property, medicine. How is access and ownership linked to something as specific as medicine? This was our initial question. Opposing intellectual property and access can be surprising. Doesn't intellectual property organize exclusivity in sharing? Why then invoke access to an appropriate good? Answering these questions has led us to take an interest in the foundations of industrial property and to study its scope. The report was clear: intellectual property law has expanded considerably. Long rejected from the patentable field, the drug illustrates this movement. Under such conditions, it is not surprising to see access emerging. The extension of the rights of one responds to the right of access of the other. It is therefore first of all a confrontation that characterizes the relationship between intellectual property and access to medicines. Could we stick to this observation of a confrontation of logic? The coherence of the legal system required the search for articulation mechanisms. Finding a combination is a necessity. The mechanisms offered by industrial property law needed to be studied. Their exceptional characteristics remain insufficient. So we try to propose structural mechanisms
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Indústria farmacêutica, propriedade intelectual e acesso a medicamentos: dilemas e perspectivas / Pharmaceutical Industry intellectual property, and access to medication: dilemma and perspectivesLemos, Maria Beatriz Penteado de Camargo 09 June 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:22:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Maria Beatriz Penteado de Camargo Lemos.pdf: 1190038 bytes, checksum: 46d90acda1d772c3674d462a2f5c260e (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2008-06-09 / Access to medication is an integral part of the Right to Health , clearly
established by the Brazilian constitution. Through the Universal Health
System, a complex network of healthcare and public services has been able
to guarantee universal access of this Right to Health to all Brazilian citizens.
The principal objective of this dissertation is to analyze one of the more
problematic aspects of the project: the production and accessibility of
medication.
We will discuss the trajectory made by the Brazilian pharmaceutical
industry under the theoretical perspective of historical New Institutionalism,
demonstrating the established path dependence, and discuss possible
alternatives for the national production of medication, considering the
necessities faced by the country.
From the historical/descriptive perspective, we will discuss how the
worldwide pharmaceutical industry was formed and solidified and which
artifices are utilized to maintain the oligopoly of the sector. The dissertation
will explore the limitations of the current model of national medication
production and the influence of intellectual property within the perspective of
the institutional economy. We will compare with the development of the
sector in India, which until the 1970 s had a panorama very similar to that of
Brazil, and which, in thirty years, developed into a large producer of generic
medication for world-wide distribution. In conclusion, we will discuss the
opinion of several authors consulted and interviewed regarding the
development perspectives of this sector / O acesso a medicamentos é parte integrante do direito à saúde,
estabelecido de modo bastante amplo pela Constituição brasileira. Por meio
do Sistema Único de Saúde, instituiu-se no Brasil uma complexa rede de
atendimento e oferta de serviços públicos de saúde que têm buscado
garantir a universalidade do acesso a esse direito a todos os cidadãos
brasileiros. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo principal analisar um dos
aspectos mais problemáticos desse projeto de universalização do direito à
saúde: a produção e acesso aos medicamentos.
Buscamos compreender a trajetória percorrida pela indústria
farmacêutica brasileira sob a perspectiva teórica do neo-institucionalismo
histórico, demonstrando o path dependence estabelecido e discutir as
possíveis alternativas para a produção nacional de medicamentos diante das
necessidades enfrentadas pelo país.
Sob a perspectiva histórico-descritiva, discutiremos como a indústria
farmacêutica mundial se formou, se solidificou e quais os artifícios utilizados
para manter o oligopólio do setor. A dissertação explora as limitações do
atual modelo de produção nacional de medicamentos e a influência do
respeito à propriedade intelectual sob a perspectiva da economia
institucional. Comparamos com o desenvolvimento do setor na Índia que, até
os anos 1970, tinha um panorama muito similar ao brasileiro e, em trinta
anos, tornou-se o grande celeiro de produção de genéricos para o mundo.
Ao finalizar, discutimos a opinião de autores consultados e entrevistados
sobre as perspectivas de desenvolvimento do setor
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Indústria farmacêutica, propriedade intelectual e acesso a medicamentos: dilemas e perspectivas / Pharmaceutical Industry intellectual property, and access to medication: dilemma and perspectivesLemos, Maria Beatriz Penteado de Camargo 09 June 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:57:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Maria Beatriz Penteado de Camargo Lemos.pdf: 1190038 bytes, checksum: 46d90acda1d772c3674d462a2f5c260e (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2008-06-09 / Access to medication is an integral part of the Right to Health , clearly
established by the Brazilian constitution. Through the Universal Health
System, a complex network of healthcare and public services has been able
to guarantee universal access of this Right to Health to all Brazilian citizens.
The principal objective of this dissertation is to analyze one of the more
problematic aspects of the project: the production and accessibility of
medication.
We will discuss the trajectory made by the Brazilian pharmaceutical
industry under the theoretical perspective of historical New Institutionalism,
demonstrating the established path dependence, and discuss possible
alternatives for the national production of medication, considering the
necessities faced by the country.
From the historical/descriptive perspective, we will discuss how the
worldwide pharmaceutical industry was formed and solidified and which
artifices are utilized to maintain the oligopoly of the sector. The dissertation
will explore the limitations of the current model of national medication
production and the influence of intellectual property within the perspective of
the institutional economy. We will compare with the development of the
sector in India, which until the 1970 s had a panorama very similar to that of
Brazil, and which, in thirty years, developed into a large producer of generic
medication for world-wide distribution. In conclusion, we will discuss the
opinion of several authors consulted and interviewed regarding the
development perspectives of this sector / O acesso a medicamentos é parte integrante do direito à saúde,
estabelecido de modo bastante amplo pela Constituição brasileira. Por meio
do Sistema Único de Saúde, instituiu-se no Brasil uma complexa rede de
atendimento e oferta de serviços públicos de saúde que têm buscado
garantir a universalidade do acesso a esse direito a todos os cidadãos
brasileiros. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo principal analisar um dos
aspectos mais problemáticos desse projeto de universalização do direito à
saúde: a produção e acesso aos medicamentos.
Buscamos compreender a trajetória percorrida pela indústria
farmacêutica brasileira sob a perspectiva teórica do neo-institucionalismo
histórico, demonstrando o path dependence estabelecido e discutir as
possíveis alternativas para a produção nacional de medicamentos diante das
necessidades enfrentadas pelo país.
Sob a perspectiva histórico-descritiva, discutiremos como a indústria
farmacêutica mundial se formou, se solidificou e quais os artifícios utilizados
para manter o oligopólio do setor. A dissertação explora as limitações do
atual modelo de produção nacional de medicamentos e a influência do
respeito à propriedade intelectual sob a perspectiva da economia
institucional. Comparamos com o desenvolvimento do setor na Índia que, até
os anos 1970, tinha um panorama muito similar ao brasileiro e, em trinta
anos, tornou-se o grande celeiro de produção de genéricos para o mundo.
Ao finalizar, discutimos a opinião de autores consultados e entrevistados
sobre as perspectivas de desenvolvimento do setor
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