Submitted by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-11-09T18:24:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_RODRIGO_HICKMANN_KLEIN_COMPLETO.pdf: 4010969 bytes, checksum: e6e40ec10532b87272f402f9ec89d96e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2017-11-09T18:24:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_RODRIGO_HICKMANN_KLEIN_COMPLETO.pdf: 4010969 bytes, checksum: e6e40ec10532b87272f402f9ec89d96e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-09T18:24:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TES_RODRIGO_HICKMANN_KLEIN_COMPLETO.pdf: 4010969 bytes, checksum: e6e40ec10532b87272f402f9ec89d96e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-19 / The Government Open Data (DAG) is the data made available free of charge by government entities and can be freely used, reused and redistributed by any person. The Brazilian portals that provide Open Government Data (PBDAG) need to meet a number of mechanisms so that the discovery, extraction and use of data can be effectively carried out by society. However, the lack of mechanisms that guarantee the reliability and data quality in PBDAGs makes difficult to increase transparency for the purpose of accountability. The research focus is the mechanisms identification that increases transparency in PBDAG with the purpose of attending Accountability Theory (TA) accountability process. By systematic reviews of the scientific literature on OGD and Accountability Theory, covering 124 and 594 articles respectively, and the subsequent interview with national experts in OGD, 18 mechanisms and their indicators were proposed, which aim to increase the degree of transparency in Portals which provide Open Government Data. The proposed mechanisms were considered extremely and very important in the perception of the majority of the 115 users of OGD, respondents of the electronic instrument. The results showed that the evolution of the use and the research on OGD made it possible to add authenticity, irrefutability, integrity, compliance, amplitude, reliability and citizen participation to the original mechanisms. The classification of these mechanisms and the formulation of a transparency index made it possible to evaluate and classify the portals that make OGD available through a content analysis, which analyzed 833 data sets. The criteria and ease of future reapplication will allow comparison with other national portals, serving as a benchmarking to public managers, stakeholders and area researchers. In terms of theoretical contributions the two Systematic Reviews of Literature (RSL) help to illustrate the status quo of scientific research on these two themes. In this sense, the broad categorization of research on OGD, obtained through the RSL, produced a classification in 7 dimensions, coming from the OGD concept and in 10 terms more approached in articles about OGD. This categorization makes it possible to indicate which directions can be adopted in future research on OGD and which topics have already been extensively explored, as well as possible combinations among them. The results of the present study extend the scope of Accountability Theory by focusing on the accountability of public agents, through the OGDs, since the perception of the respondents demonstrates the aspects that increase the transparency to serve this purpose. The present research also demonstrated a new method for evaluation of items by interviewees, during semi-structured interviews. In addition, it produced a new electronic data collection instrument to be used in future research on increasing transparency for OGD portals, with a focus on accountability. Nevertheless, the present research was able to gather and combine concepts from the area of Information Security, with concepts from the Open Government area, along with concepts derived from studies on Transparency and Accountability Theory concepts. / O Dado Aberto Governamental (DAG) ? o dado disponibilizado de forma gratuita por entes governamentais e pode ser livremente utilizado, reutilizado e redistribu?do por qualquer pessoa. Os portais brasileiros que disponibilizam Dados Abertos Governamentais (PBDAG) precisam atender a uma s?rie de mecanismos para que a descoberta, a extra??o e o aproveitamento dos dados possam ser realizados de forma efetiva pela sociedade. No entanto, a falta de mecanismos que garantam a fidedignidade e a qualidade dos dados em PBDAGs dificulta a amplia??o da transpar?ncia como o prop?sito de accountability. O foco desta pesquisa abrange a identifica??o dos mecanismos que ampliam a transpar?ncia em PBDAG com prop?sito de atender ao processo accountability da Accountability Theory (AT). Por interm?dio de revis?es sistem?ticas da literatura cient?fica sobre DAG e sobre Accountability Theory, abrangendo 124 e 594 artigos respectivamente, e da posterior entrevista com especialistas nacionais em DAG, foram propostos 18 mecanismos, e respectivos indicadores, que visam ampliar o grau de transpar?ncia em PBDAGs. Os mecanismos propostos foram considerados extremamente e muito importantes na percep??o da maioria dos 115 usu?rios de DAG, respondentes do instrumento eletr?nico. Os resultados demonstraram que a evolu??o do uso e das pesquisas sobre DAG possibilitaram agregar os mecanismos autenticidade, irrefutabilidade, integridade, conformidade, amplitude, confiabilidade e participa??o cidad? aos mecanismos originais. A classifica??o desses mecanismos e a formula??o de um ?ndice de transpar?ncia possibilitaram avaliar e classificar os portais que disponibilizam DAG, atrav?s de uma an?lise de conte?do, que analisou 833 conjuntos de dados. Os crit?rios e a facilidade de reaplica??o futura permitir?o a compara??o com demais portais nacionais, servindo como um benchmarking aos gestores p?blicos, ?s partes interessadas e aos pesquisadores da ?rea. Em termos de contribui??es te?ricas as duas Revis?es Sistem?ticas da Literatura (RSL) ajudam a ilustrar o status quo de pesquisas cient?ficas sobre esses dois temas. Nesse sentido, a ampla categoriza??o de pesquisas sobre DAG, obtida por interm?dio da RSL produziu uma classifica??o em 7 dimens?es, provenientes do conceito de DAG e em 10 termos mais abordados em artigos sobre DAG. Essa categoriza??o possibilita a indica??o de quais rumos podem ser adotados em pesquisas futuras sobre DAG e quais temas j? foram vastamente explorados, bem como poss?veis combina??es dentre eles. Os resultados da presente pesquisa ampliam a abrang?ncia da Accountability Theory pelo enfoque ? responsabiliza??o de agentes p?blicos, por interm?dio dos DAGs, pois a percep??o dos respondentes demonstra os aspectos que ampliam a transpar?ncia para atender a esse prop?sito. A presente pesquisa tamb?m demonstrou um novo m?todo para avalia??o de itens por entrevistados, durante entrevistas semiestruturadas. Al?m disso, produziu um novo instrumento eletr?nico de coleta de dados a ser utilizado em pesquisas futuras sobre amplia??o de transpar?ncia para portais de DAG, com enfoque ? accountability. N?o obstante, a presente pesquisa conseguiu reunir e combinar conceitos oriundos da ?rea de Seguran?a da Informa??o, com conceitos oriundos da ?rea de Governo Aberto, junto a conceitos provenientes de estudos sobre a Transpar?ncia e conceitos da Accountability Theory.

Information plays an essential role in supporting an organization's business; this information encounters any business's technology, people, and process aspects. In contrast, each aspect can risk an organization's information assets. Information traceability and accountability can play a significant role in controlling and protecting information assets. When individuals perceive accountability for each modification or change, they will behave systematically in their activities because they can expect their actions to impact others. A sense of information accountability increases the likelihood that people think about their behaviors in daily processes. However, if the accountability mechanism is insufficient, it can cause conflicts between information owners and employees. Previous works are based on the theories to increase the sense of information accountability and have efficient mechanisms. Moreover, improvement of the accountability mechanism is a concern because researchers rely on laboratory results, which is not enough to develop and have a systematic mechanism. Therefore, existing theories and explanations of information accountability tend to be unclear in practice.This study presents a qualitative case study focusing on information asset accountability among information owners and finding the practical tools and techniques to enforce the accountability. Data collection is carried out through ten semi-structured interviews among information owners who directly own information and make decisions related to classified information and controlling access levels. The interview questions were based on the increasing information asset accountability to reveal the influential factors that must be addressed. Data analysis discloses information owners’ requirements to increase the sense of accountability in an organization when it comes to information asset accountability. Key findings seem to be applying proper tools and processes such as verification and traceability to strengthen the information asset accountability within organizations. It also reveals the employee’s awareness and training to understand the information handling and processes. Employees get involved with processes by receiving training, clarifying their accountability expectations within information assets, and acknowledging the importance of their actions to secure critical information. The study's contribution provides an insight into the information accountability mechanism to identify the enforcement requirement from the information owner’s perspective. Based on the result of the study, it can raise the significance of accountability and traceability mechanisms to the information owners and provide input to maximize their information asset’s security level within the organization.