Cette thèse rend compte des usages et des pratiques à l’œuvre dans les lectures publiques actuelles. Et plus précisément de leur réception par les auditeurs-spectateurs, pendant et après les lectures. Les sources et matériaux utilisés sont divers : ce sont en partie des récits de réception empruntés à la littérature classique ou contemporaine, et aux publications de chercheurs en sciences humaines et sociales. J’ai d’autre part utilisé mes propres récits, des narrations rédigées après avoir assisté à des lectures publiques à voix haute. J’ai donc construit mes matériaux à partir de ce que j’ai éprouvé au milieu d’une assemblée, au milieu des autres, au milieu d’autres corps. Je me suis autorisée et inspirée de la « pensée par cas » (ou « singularités »), une méthode qui suppose une pratique d’auto-observation inspirée de l’approche clinique. Elle écarte donc toute prétention au réalisme ou à l’objectivisme. Les lectures publiques sollicitent simultanément l’œil et l’oreille. La réception des auditeurs-spectateurs, qu’elle soit recueillie ou éprouvée en personne, apparaît souvent très individuée, peu normée.Un prologue fait retour sur trois périodes de la grande histoire de la lecture : récits de lectures à voix haute partant de l’Antiquité grecque et romaine jusqu’à une période récente. Les deux autres parties s’attachent ensuite à éclairer les rapports qui se nouent entre les acteurs présents à des lectures données en public, de nos jours. Rapports d’échange ou d’altérité, ou bien rapports de pouvoir, ils révèlent la manière dont se forment les réceptions individuelles - à partir des récits ou cas et de leur rapprochement avec d’autres corpus disciplinaires. Mais le matériau est hétérogène, labile, instable, parfois étrange. Aussi ce parcours ne va pas en ligne droite : il est sillonné d’allers et retours et de bifurcations ; emporté par des processus associatifs, arrêté ou suspendu par des détails sonores ou visuels, parfois infimes ; ou par la qualité du silence. Son tracé apparaît donc a posteriori.L’acte d’écouter-regarder lire au milieu d’une assemblée, et ses retentissements dans le for intérieur, incitent constamment à se déplacer mentalement, à sortir de soi ou à passer du « je » au « nous ». Le « nous » signifie que j’intègre en silence la présence du Lecteur sonore et des autres auditeurs-spectateurs, que je les associe à ma réception : l’individu dit « nous » (dans son intimité comme en société) en s’adressant ou en s’incluant aux autres. Les lectures publiques touchent à la fois l’individuel et le collectif ; voire questionnent le concept de communauté.Elles nous reconduisent naturellement à des relectures et s’offrent elles-mêmes comme forme singulière de relecture. Elles nous conduisent aussi à d’autres pratiques du partage grâce à l’usage de la voix haute ; à d’autres modes d’exister de la littérature, d’autres formes d’oralité (les groupes de lecture, la récitation, le témoignage, le cinéma). In fine, ce travail met au jour une expérience, et les « savoirs » singuliers qu’elle engrange et diffuse. Cette expérience peut être transmise, reprise, re-questionnée et discutée. Car les lectures publiques, censées nous immobiliser ou nous sidérer sur un fauteuil, nous engagent personnellement dans le rapport à autrui. Ce n’est pas le moindre enseignement de cette aventure. / This PhD thesis is an account of uses and practices at stake in public reading nowadays ; more precisely, of its reception by the listening audience, during and after the readings. The sources and material used are diverse : partly accounts of reception extracted from classical and contemporary literature, and publications by searchers in human and social science. I have also used my own accounts, narrative pieces I redacted after witnessing public readings. I thus have built my own material based on what I felt among an audience, among others, among other bodies. I have leaned on and inspired myself from “case thinking” (or “singularities”), a method which relies on practicing self-observation, based on clinical approach. Therefore, it excludes any claim to realism or objectivism. Public readings appeal to the eye and the ear at once. The reception by the listeners-spectators, whether it’s collected or felt in person, seems to be frequently personal, not very normalized.A prologue goes overs three periods of the great history of reading: accounts of readings aloud from Greek and Roman Antiquity to a recent period of time. The other two parts aim to highlight the connections that awaken between the actors during public readings nowadays. Those relationships of exchange, of otherness, or of power, reveal the way in which individual reception forms - from accounts or cases and relating them to corpuses from other subjects.But the material is a heterogeneous, labile, instable one; sometimes strange. Which explains that the journey isn’t straight: it is criss-crossed by comings and goings and branching roads; drawn as it was by associating processes, stopped or paused by sound or visual details, sometimes minute; or by the quality of silence. As a result, its course appears a posteriori.The act of listening-watching read among an audience, its repercussions onto the inner self, are a constant incentive to move mentally, get out of oneself or switch from “I” to “we”. “We” means I silently integrate the person who reads aloud and the other listeners-spectators into my reception: the individual says “we” (in their intimacy as well as in society), addressing themselves to or including themselves with others. Public readings concern the individual as well as the collective level; and even question the concept of community. They naturally drive us to rereads and offer themselves as a singular form of reread. They also drive us to other practices of sharing through the use of voicing : to other ways of existing for literature, to other forms of oral performance - reading groups, recitation, account, cinema.

The study explores the reproductive decision-making of eight self-identified lesbian women in same-gendered relationships as it is interested in the ways in which they construct their reproductive decisions, particularly as it relates to their gender. Four open-ended, semi-structured, joint interviews were conducted with couples who have already made the decision to parent, thereby offering retrospective accounts. Interview transcriptions were analysed by employing thematic analysis underpinned by principles of Foucauldian discourse analysis and rooted in a feminist poststructuralist theory. Three discursive themes are identified in participants' accounts namely: 1) the discourse of heterosexual gender roles; 2) the discourse of heteronormative parenting; and 3) the counter-discourse of parental responsibility and the responsible parent. In a context where lesbian mothers' reproductive decisions are often called into question and where lesbian mothers' parental roles are constructed according to gender binaries, the study concludes that in exercising their limited agency within restrictive heteronormative discourse, participants made their reproductive decisions based on their ability to care for a child in terms of pragmatic factors, their capacity to meet the child's emotional needs and to protect them from potential "othering" by segments of the society. The findings of this study carry implications for addressing the marginalisation and stigmatisation of lesbian women who wish to become parents and raise their children without having to justify their decisions purely because of their sexual identity. / Mini Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Psychology / MA / Unrestricted

Ce document utilise des données fiscales et démographiques pour calculer les changements dans les recettes du gouvernement engendrés par les ajustements dans le taux marginal d'imposition, et cela en mettant l’accent sur la fourchette d'imposition la plus élevée. La portée de l’étude est une sélection de pays de l’O.C.D.E. Une analyse des changement de comportement des contribuables et des différentes alternatives dont le gouvernement dispose en termes de politique fiscale en suivaient. En fin, les possibles faiblesses dans des techniques de référence sont examinées en détail. / This thesis uses demographic and income tax data to calculate changes in government revenue following adjustments to marginal tax rates, with a focus on the highest tax bracket. The study’s scope is a variety of O.E.C.D. countries. An analysis of behavioral responses of tax payers and the options available to government in terms of taxation policy follows. Past measurement techniques are also scrutinized.

Структура магистерской диссертации включает в себя введение, три главы, заключение, список использованных источников. В первой главе рассмотрены теоретические основы управления дебиторской задолженности и применяемые методы для усовершенствования её управления. Во второй главе проведен анализ финансовых показателей на примере предприятия АО «КУЛЗ» и выявление проблем. В третьей главе разработаны и предложены мероприятия с целью усовершенствования и снижения объема дебиторской задолженности для исследуемого предприятия. В заключении подведен итог проделанной работы и сформированы основные выводы. / The structure of the master's thesis includes an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion, a list of references. The first chapter discusses the theoretical foundations of receivables management and the methods used to improve its management. In the second chapter, the analysis of financial indicators is carried out on the example of the enterprise JSC "KUFP" and the identification of problems. In the third chapter, measures have been developed and proposed to improve and reduce the volume of receivables for the enterprise under study. In conclusion, the results of the work done are summarized and the main conclusions are formed.

Выпускная квалификационная работа (магистерская диссертация) посвящена исследованию финансовых проблем управления дебиторской задолженностью предприятия. Предметом исследования выступают экономические отношения, которые складываются на предприятии в процессе управления дебиторской задолженности. Основной целью магистерской диссертации является изучение теоретических основ структуры и источников формирования оборотного капитала, анализ структуры дебиторской задолженности и выявления проблем на предприятии по управлению дебиторской задолженности. / Final qualifying work (master's thesis) is devoted to the study of financial problems of accounts receivable management of the enterprise. The subject of the study are the economic relations that develop in the enterprise in the management of accounts receivable. The main purpose of the master's thesis is to study the theoretical foundations of the structure and sources of working capital formation, analysis of the structure of receivables and identify problems in the enterprise for the management of receivables.

Магистерская диссертация включает в себя введение, три главы, заключение, список использованных источников. В первой главе рассмотрены сущность и структура оборотного капитала, в т.ч . особое внимание уделено дебиторской задолженности, отражены основные причины ее возникновения, описаны факторы, влияющие на величину. Рассмотрен механизм анализа дебиторской задолженности и управления ей. Во второй главе дана характеристика ПАО «ММК», проведен анализ его финансового состояния. Выявлены тенденции в состоянии дебиторской задолженности и управления ей, определены причинно-следственные связи с возможными причинами сложившейся ситуации. В третьей главе обобщены проблемы, выявленные в результате анализа дебиторской задолженности, предложены мероприятия по сокращению дебиторской задолженности и проведен расчет результативности предложенных мер. В заключении сформированы основные выводы. / The master's thesis includes an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion, and a list of sources used. In the first chapter, the essence and structure of working capital are considered, including special attention is paid to accounts receivable, the main causes of its occurrence are reflected, the factors affecting the amount are described. The mechanism of the analysis of accounts receivable and its management is considered. In the second chapter, the characteristics of PJSC MMK are given, an analysis of its financial condition is carried out. Trends in the state of accounts receivable and its management are revealed, cause-and-effect relationships with possible causes of the current situation are determined. The third chapter summarizes the problems identified as a result of the analysis of accounts receivable, suggests measures to reduce accounts receivable and calculates the effectiveness of the proposed measures. In conclusion, the main conclusions are formed.

This thesis aims to cluster financial account time series by extracting global features from the time series and by using two different dimensionality reduction methods, Kohonen Self Organizing Maps and principal component analysis, to cluster the set of the time series by using K-means. The results are then used to further cluster a set of financial services provided by a financial institution, to determine if it is possible to find a set of services which coincide with the time series clusters. The results find several sets of services that are prevalent in the different time series clusters. The resulting method can be used to understand the dynamics between deposits variability and the customers usage of different services and to analyse whether a service is more used in different clusters. / Målet med denna uppsats är att klustra tidsserier över finansiella konton genom att extrahera tidsseriernas karakteristik. För detta används två metoder för att reducera tidsseriernas dimensionalitet, Kohonen Self Organizing Maps och principal komponent analys. Resultatet används sedan för att klustra finansiella tjänster som en kund använder, med syfte att analysera om det existerar ett urval av tjänster som är mer eller mindre förekommande bland olika tidsseriekluster. Resultatet kan användas för att analysera dynamiken mellan kontobehållning och kundens finansiella tjänster, samt om en tjänst är mer förekommande i ett tidsseriekluster.

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