Light microscopy studies of collections of late Cambrian/Early Ordovician organic-walled microfossils, informally called acritarchs, provide the observations on phenotypic traits that are comparable to Modern microalgae and make possible recognition of various developmental stages in their complex life cycle. The exceptionally preserved Saharidia fragilis microfossils show the internal body within the vesicle and the formation of the fringe and pylome, the opening for releasing of the daughter cells from the phycoma-like cyst. All the reproductive stages are distinguished and the hypothetical reconstruction of the complex life cycle is proposed. Various morphotypes are recognized to be a part of the class Prasinophyceae and some microfossils of the genus Leiosphaeridia are thought to represent the develop-mental stage of Saharidia fragilis life cycle. The morphological similarity suggests that those micro-fossils from the Cambrian-Ordovician transitional time interval are the ancestral representatives and early lineages of the Modern class Prasinophyceae. / Alger är idag viktiga producenter av fritt syre i atmosfären. I denna avhandling presenteras nya studier av encelliga organiska mikrofossil från den ryska ön Kolguev. Fossilens form och struktur (där många visar på en karaktäristisk rund öppning, så kallad pylome) ger en grund för att rekonstruera en komplex livscykel hos vissa av dessa kambrisk-ordoviciska taxa och tolka dem som alger. Studier med hjälp av ljusmikroskop utfördes i syfte att fastställa mikrofossilens funktionsmorfologi och fenotypiska drag. Dessa studier är viktiga för att klargöra biologiska släktskap och livscykeln av de studerade arterna.

<p>Organic-walled microfossils are abundant and taxonomically diverse in Cambrian-Ordovician strata; some are important for biostratigraphy and for the correlation of geological successions. New assemblages of Cambrian-Ordovician acritarchs from Kolguev Island, Arctic Russia and Middle Cambrian ichnofossils of endoliths from Peary Land, North Greenland are studied. Twenty-seven acritarch species are described in detail and 10 taxa are left under open nomenclature. The diagnosis of one genus is restricted, and two other are emended. New combinations are proposed for three species and one new species is recognised. The studied acritarch assemblages are taxonomically rich and age-diagnostic and used to recognise Upper Cambrian and Tremadoc strata on Kolguev Island. The sedimentologically continuous successions provide for the first time palaeontological evidence of Cambrian strata in the north-eastern sector of Europe. The exact level of the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary was distinguished together with stratigraphic intervals equivalent to the <i>Peltura</i> and <i>Acerocare</i> zones of the Upper Cambrian of Baltica. The newly established relative age of the lowermost sedimentary succession overlying the Timanian unconformity allows verification of the minimum age of the Timanian deformation and the time-span of the hiatus bound to this unconformity. Endoliths occur in the fossil record from the Early Archean and they played an important role in the formation of stromatolites and the process of bioerosion and biodegradation. Endoliths that have actively bored into brachiopod shells or carbonate grains (euendoliths), and some that inhabited the cavities inside brachiopod shells (cryptoendoliths) are described. Borings within the carbonate grains extended with a dentritic pattern, whereas those within the brachiopod shells were formed by a multifilamentous euendolith which produced characteristic longitudinally ridged galleries. The cryptoendolithic morphologies include indeterminate coccoid masses and at least two filamentous forms. However, considerable variation in the dimensions of the currently phosphatised diagenetic crusts of the cryptoendoliths hinders discrimination.</p>

Organic-walled microfossils are abundant and taxonomically diverse in Cambrian-Ordovician strata; some are important for biostratigraphy and for the correlation of geological successions. New assemblages of Cambrian-Ordovician acritarchs from Kolguev Island, Arctic Russia and Middle Cambrian ichnofossils of endoliths from Peary Land, North Greenland are studied. Twenty-seven acritarch species are described in detail and 10 taxa are left under open nomenclature. The diagnosis of one genus is restricted, and two other are emended. New combinations are proposed for three species and one new species is recognised. The studied acritarch assemblages are taxonomically rich and age-diagnostic and used to recognise Upper Cambrian and Tremadoc strata on Kolguev Island. The sedimentologically continuous successions provide for the first time palaeontological evidence of Cambrian strata in the north-eastern sector of Europe. The exact level of the Cambrian-Ordovician boundary was distinguished together with stratigraphic intervals equivalent to the Peltura and Acerocare zones of the Upper Cambrian of Baltica. The newly established relative age of the lowermost sedimentary succession overlying the Timanian unconformity allows verification of the minimum age of the Timanian deformation and the time-span of the hiatus bound to this unconformity. Endoliths occur in the fossil record from the Early Archean and they played an important role in the formation of stromatolites and the process of bioerosion and biodegradation. Endoliths that have actively bored into brachiopod shells or carbonate grains (euendoliths), and some that inhabited the cavities inside brachiopod shells (cryptoendoliths) are described. Borings within the carbonate grains extended with a dentritic pattern, whereas those within the brachiopod shells were formed by a multifilamentous euendolith which produced characteristic longitudinally ridged galleries. The cryptoendolithic morphologies include indeterminate coccoid masses and at least two filamentous forms. However, considerable variation in the dimensions of the currently phosphatised diagenetic crusts of the cryptoendoliths hinders discrimination.