No description available.

No description available.

A thesis submitted in fulfilment for the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Psychology at the University of Zululand, 2006. / This study was conducted to ascertain whether uMkhanyakude District Municipality complies with the provisions of the Employment Equity Act No55 of 1998 and to examine whether the Municipality has devised recruitment methods that provide access to a wider pool of job applicants. Some of the outcomes derived from diversity initiatives are not easily quantifiable or measured but they clearly demonstrate the benefits that can be realized by an organization. Benefits such as: Improved organizational image stemming from more diverse positive reputation and the presence of diverse employees in key positions. Improved co-operation and communication within diverse work-teams, few as they are. Findings_ of this study indicated that cultural diversity is the least understood phenomenon and that the municipality has not made an effort to diversify. This is indicated by the fact that there are no African or White females in the strategic or decision making positions. This under-representation of women constitutes gender discrimination. Also the municipality has not made an effort to develop a strategy on diversifying despite submitting the workforce profile to the Department: of labour; no help has been forthcoming in order to develop equity policies to address high levels of under-representation.

Faculty of Health Sciences School of Medicine 0110993v Tel: 011 984 1268 / Section 9 and 12 of the South African Mental Health Act No. 18 of 1973 as amended, defines standards and procedures related to the involuntary commitment of mentally ill persons to mental institutions or care and rehabilitation centres. Despite these provisions in practice clinicians are faced with the challenge of appropriateness of certification of mentally ill persons to psychiatric hospitals. This study was undertaken to establish the number of patients regarded as inappropriately certified and admitted to Sterkfontein Psychiatric Hospital over one month during 2003. The clinical and demographic characteristics of this group were investigated. Its impact on hospital resources was assessed and commitment standards were compared. The patients’ hospital records were used to achieve the above objectives. About 20% of patients were found to be inappropriately certified as per definition, collectively they spent a total of 834 days in hospital at the cost of over half a million rands. It was concluded that in practice there may be patients who are inappropriately certified and that they significantly impact on hospital resources. Reasons for this need further investigations and the certification standards and procedure may need to be revised to minimize the problem.

Pell Grant funding is without question foundational to the American community college mission – providing access to higher education to over 9 million students. Pell Grants are particularly important in the 2-year sector, where such a large number of students are from low-income socioeconomic areas. In December 2011, then-President Obama signed into law the Consolidated Appropriations Act (2012) which significantly changed the Pell Grant program for college students by making 3 major changes to the eligibility criteria for Pell Grants. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of these 3 changes at the national, state, and local level to estimate the impact felt by colleges and students across the United States. This quantative study utilized data from the National Center for Educational Statistics (NCES) Integrated Postsecondary Data System (IPEDS) as well as from a mid-sized urban college located in the state of Minnesota. Both regression analysis and seasonal time decomposition techniques were conducted to determine the estimated number and amount of Pell Grant award post Act compared to actual. The findings of this study indicated a significant correlation between the model and the output when used with national and local data. Not all of the state models produced significant results.

No description available.

No description available.

The Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act, 2002 introduces a new mineral and petroleum law dispensation in South Africa. The introduction of the new dispensation follows the first democratic election in 1994 that required a reconsideration of the role of the state in the allocation and exploitation of mineral and petroleum resources. The state's right to sovereignty is realised by introducing the principle of state custodianship. Whilst the MPRDA does not define state custodianship, the courts have been hesitant in providing an interpretation. Historically, the majority of South Africans were excluded from the allocation and exploitation of mineral and petroleum resources caused by racial practices. The notion of state custodianship brings substantive changes to the regulation of mineral and petroleum resources. The state as custodian is responsible for regulating the nation's mineral and petroleum resources in accordance with the objectives determined by the MPRDA. As regulator, the state has been allocated increased control over prospecting and mining activities. This increased control must enhance the transformative goals of the new mineral and petroleum law dispensation whilst simultaneously considering the role of mineral and petroleum resources in the economic development of the country. In accordance with its responsibilities imposed in terms of the Constitution, the state must ensure that everyone benefits from mineral and petroleum exploitation. Such responsibilities must be exercised within the Constitutional imperative to avoid or minimize environmental harm The state as custodian owes a fiduciary duty towards the nation in respect of the minerals and petroleum resources. This fiduciary duty exists between the state and its citizens. The state must exercise its duty to the standard required of a fiduciary with regards to the property entrusted to it to regulate. Due to the nature of the concept of custodianship, the state is not the owner of mineral and petroleum resources. Whilst the landowner, and in certain instances the mineral rights holder, before the adoption of the MPRDA determined access to minerals, the state as custodian is now responsible for determining access to minerals. The joint interests of the South African nation as a whole is to be promoted by the state in its role as custodian. The public interest of access to and use of the mineral and petroleum resources determined by the MPRDA, and the Constitution must be safeguarded. The implementation of the object of equitable access to minerals is dependent on the state as custodian. The transformative role of the state is enhanced by the shifting of the basis of mineral law to public law. The administering of a state controlled mineral law system has led to the responsibilities of state custodianship having to be exercised within a public law environment. The interpretation of the state's duties as custodian is dependent on various considerations, some of them being the provisions of the MPRDA, the application of the principles of administrative law and the fiduciary nature of state custodianship.

No description available.

<p> In this dissertation I examine a distinction made in Speech Act Theory between normal uses of language and uses of language that are said to be parasitic on them. Fictional, theatrical, comedic and metaphoric uses of language may be said to be parasitic on normal language in so far as their intelligibility requires a prior grasp of the rules or conventions of normal language such as is used in everyday cases of asserting, promising, marrying and ordering, for instance.</p> <p> Jacques Derrida argued that uses of language could not be determined as exclusively either normal or parasitic and that thus such a distinction could not be made. That is, he argued that it was not possible to make a distinction between fictional promises and real life promises, for instance; or between literal uses of words and metaphorical uses. I show that the distinction can be made and that, although uses of language cannot be determined as exclusively either normal or parasitic in the work of J. L. Austin, they can be in that of John R. Searle. </p> <p> In arguing for this thesis, I show how Searle, in his attempt to defend Austin and Speech Act Theory against Derrida's criticisms, failed to appreciate many aspects of Derrida's work and thus misconstrued his critique and defended Austin and Speech Act Theory against somewhat of a straw man. </p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)