Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Univ., 2008. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Univ., 2002. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

The objective of the field of Synthetic Biology is to implement novel functionalities in a biological context or redesign existing biological systems. To achieve this, it employs tried and tested engineering principles, such as standardisation and the design-build-test cycle. A crucial part of this process is the convergence of modelling and experiment. The aim of this thesis is to improve the design principles employed by Synthetic Biology in the context of Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs). Small Ribonucleic Acids (sRNAs), in particular, are focussed on as a mechanism for post-transcriptional expression regulation, as they present great potential as a tool to be harnessed in GRNs. Modelling sRNA regulation and its interaction with its associated chaperone Host-Factor of Bacteriophage Qβ (Hfq) is investigated. Inclusion of Hfq is found to be necessary in stochastic models, but not in deterministic models. Secondly, feedback is core to the thesis, as it presents a means to scale-up designed systems. A linear design framework for GRNs is then presented, focussing on Transcription Factor (TF) interactions. Such frameworks are powerful as they facilitate the design of feedback. The framework supplies a block diagram methodology for visualisation and analysis of the designed circuit. In this context, phase lead and lag controllers, well-known in the context of Control Engineering, are presented as genetic motifs. A design example, employing the genetic phase lag controller, is then presented, demonstrating how the developed framework can be used to design a genetic circuit. The framework is then extended to include sRNA regulation. Four GRNs, demonstrating the simplest forms of genetic feedback, are then modelled and implemented. The feedback occurs at three different levels: autoregulation, through an sRNA and through another TF. The models of these GRNs are inspired by the implemented biological topologies, focussing on steady state behaviour and various setups. Both deterministic and stochastic models are studied. Dynamic responses of the circuits are also briefly compared. Data is presented, showing good qualitative agreement between models and experiment. Both culture level data and cell population data is presented. The latter of these is particularly useful as the moments of the distributions can be calculated and compared to results from stochastic simulation. The fit of a deterministic model to data is attempted, which results in a suggested extension of the model. The conclusion summarises the thesis, stating that modelling and experiment are in good qualitative agreement. The required next step is to be able to predict behaviour quantitatively.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-06-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:32:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 monini_ac_me_arafo.pdf: 1835625 bytes, checksum: 03f041363b5fdc55d9c24b313aa6633f (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar as alterações esqueléticas que ocorreram pela terapia com aparelho ortopédico bionator de Balters e aquelas que ocorreram após o tratamento. A amostra consistiu de 13 pacientes, 9 do gênero masculino e 4 do gênero feminino, com má oclusão de classe II, idade média de 9,34 anos ao início do tratamento, incisivos superiores e inferiores erupcionados ou em erupção, mordida profunda, ausência de perdas dentárias e ausência de apinhamento e/ou mordida cruzada posterior. Em todos eles foram inseridos implantes metálicos na maxila e na mandíbula. Os pacientes foram tratados com o aparelho bionator de Balters por 1,87 anos, em média, e acompanhados longitudinalmente por 6 anos, em média. Sobreposições cefalométricas, com auxílio dos implantes metálicos, foram realizadas para avaliação da intensidade e direção da remodelação e rotação da maxila e da mandíbula. A comparação com a literatura mostrou que os efeitos esqueléticos mais evidentes do aparelho foram a mudança de direção do crescimento condilar, a mudança da rotação total da maxila, a inibição da rotação total anti-horária mandibular e o aumento do crescimento transversal dos maxilares. Após a terapia com o bionator houve uma tendência de redirecionamento do crescimento condilar ao padrão original e manutenção do padrão da rotação total maxilar pela presença dos aparelhos fixos e uso de elásticos classe II. Concluiu-se que o tratamento da má oclusão de classe II com o bionator de Balters, nesta idade, produziu alterações esqueléticas em ambos os maxilares que voltaram a apresentar um padrão original de crescimento no período de avaliação subsequente. / The purpose of this study was to evaluate the skeletal changes that occur after treatment with Balters` bionator appliance and those that occur after the treatment. The sample included 13 patients, 9 males and 4 females, with Class II malocclusion, mean age of 9.34 years at the beginning of the treatment, erupted upper and lower incisors, absence of dental loss, crowding and posterior crossbite. Each patient had metallic implants placed in the maxilla and the mandible before treatment. The patients were treated with Balters appliance for approximately 1.87 years, and were followed for approximately 5.68 years. Cephalometrics superpositions, using metallic implants as references, were performed to evaluated intensity and direction of the remodeling and rotation of the maxilla and the mandible. The comparison with literature showed that the more evident skeletal effects of the appliance had been the change in direction of condylar growth, the change in the total rotation of the maxilla, the inhibition of the total counterclockwise rotation mandibular and the increase of the transversal growth of maxilla and mandible. After therapy with bionator, was observed a tendency of change in direction of condylar growth to the original standard and maintenance of the standard in total rotation of the maxilla, due the presence of fixed appliances and use of Class II intermaxillary elastics. It can be concluded that the treatment of Class II malocclusion with Balters` bionator appliance, in this age, produced skeletal changes in both maxillaries that they had come back to present a normal standard of growth in the follow-up evaluation period.

Orientador: Ary dos Santos-Pinto / Banca: Ana Claudia Moreira Melo / Banca: Dirceu Barnabé Raveli / Resumo: A deficiência de dados na literatura nos levou a avaliar o efeito do tratamento com o aparelho Bionator de Balters nas alterações das dimensões e relacionamento dos arcos dentários em crianças com má-oclusão Classe II, divisão 1 de Angle. O grupo experimental foi consistituido de 36 pares de modelos de pacientes leucodermas com idades entre 7 anos e 10 meses e 11 anos e 8 meses sendo 10 do gênero feminino e 8 do gênero masculino. A seleção da amostra teve como critérios de inclusão a presença dos incisivos centrais e laterais erupcionados, ausência de apinhamento dentário e relação transversal dos arcos normais. Um grupo controle (pseudo-amostra controle) foi simulado a partir de uma amostra obtida por Moyers com idade e gêneros aproximadamente iguais ao grupo experimental. A análise dos modelos constou de 24 medidas das quais 18 puderam ser comparadas com a pseudo-amostra. A aplicação do teste de Levene mostrou evidências estatísticas de semelhança entre os grupos. Procedeu-se então a análise estatística que mostrou alterações significantes (p<0,005) nas variáveis indicativas de distância intermolares superiores, sobressaliência horizontal, comprimento total do arco superior, comprimento anterior do arco superior, comprimento posterior do arco superior, relação molar direita, relação molar esquerda, relação canino direita e relação canino esquerda. Por outro lado não houve alteração significante em relação as medidas do arco inferior e distancia intercaninos do arco superior. Pode ser concluído com base nos resultados encontrados que o uso do aparelho Bionator de Balters teve efeito favorável na melhora da correção da má-oclusão de Classe II (diminuição das relações molares e caninos) e um aumento transversal do arco superior, principalmente na região posterior do arco. / Abstract: The deficiency of data in the literature took us to evaluate the Bionator of Balters appliance in the alterations of the dimensions and relationship of the dental archs in children with malocclusion Class II, Division 1 of Angle. The experimental group was constituted of 36 pairs of cast of leucodermas patients between the age of 7 years and 10 months and 11 years and 8 months, being 10 females and 8 males. The sample selection had as criterion of inclusion the presence of the central and lateral incisor erupted, absence of crowded teeth and normal transversal relationship. A control group (pseudo-sample group) was simulated beginning from a sample obtained by Moyers with approximately the same age and gender to the experimental group. The analysis of the casts consisted of 24 measures and 18 of them could be compared with the pseudo-sample. The Leveneþs test showed statistical evidences of likeness among the groups. Statistical analysis was proceeded with showed significant alterations (p<0,005) in the variable indicatives of distance of maxillary first molars, over jet, total length of upper arch, anterior length of the upper arch, right molar relationship, left molar relationship, right canine relationship and left canine relationship. On the other hand, there wasn't significant alteration related to the lower arch and maxillary intercanines distance. It be concluded with the use of the Bionator of Balters appliance that it had a favorable effect in the improvement of the correction of the malocclusion in Class II (decrease of the molars and canines relationship) and transversal increase of the upper arch, mainly in the posterior area of arch. / Mestre

Comparou-se os efeitos proporcionados pelos aparelhos MARA e Bionator no tratamento da má oclusão de Classe II, 1ª divisão. Utilizou-se uma amostra de 66 jovens, divididos igualmente em três grupos: Grupo MARA, com idade inicial média de 11,99 anos e tratado por meio do aparelho MARA por um período médio de 1,11 ano; Grupo Bionator, com idade inicial média de 11,27 anos e tratado por meio aparelho Bionator por um período médio de 1,51 ano; e Grupo Controle, com idade inicial média de 11,63 ano e observado por um período médio de 1,18 ano, sem nenhum tratamento. Utilizou-se as telerradiografias em norma lateral para comparar os três grupos quanto às variáveis cefalométricas das fases inicial e final. Posteriormente, realizou-se a anualização das alterações das variáveis no Grupo Bionator, para compará-lo aos outros dois grupos. Para estas comparações, aplicou-se a ANOVA a um critério e o teste de Tukey. Os resultados revelaram que ambos os aparelhos proporcionaram os seguintes efeitos: restrição do crescimento maxilar, nenhuma alteração do desenvolvimento mandibular, melhora da relação maxilomandibular, aumento da altura facial ântero-inferior e inclinação anti-horária do plano oclusal funcional. No arco superior, os incisivos foram lingualizados e retruídos e os molares foram distalizados nos dois grupos tratados, porém com maior quantidade de distalização dos molares no Grupo MARA, o qual também apresentou maior inclinação distal e intrusão dos molares superiores. No arco inferior, ambos os aparelhos causaram uma vestibularização e protrusão nos incisivos, e uma inclinação mesial dos molares, sendo que o MARA promoveu uma vestibularização maior e uma restrição do desenvolvimento vertical dos incisivos. Por fim, os aparelhos MARA e Bionator proporcionaram uma melhora significante nos trespasses horizontal e vertical e na relação molar, sendo que a correção do trespasse vertical e da relação molar foi maior no Grupo MARA. / The effects produced by MARA and Bionator appliances on the Class II, division 1 treatment were compared. A sample of 66 young individuals was equally divided into three groups: MARA Group, with an initial mean age of 11.99 years, treated with MARA for a mean period of 1.11 year; Bionator Group, with initial mean age of 11.27 years, treated with Bionator appliance for a mean period of 1.51 year; and the Control Group, with initial mean age of 11.63 years, and followed for a mean period of 1.18 year with no treatment. The lateral cephalograms was used to compare the three groups, considering the cephalometric variables from the initial and final phases. Then, the variable changes were annualized in the Bionator Group to compare it with the others groups. For these comparisons, the analysis of variance and Tukey test were applied. The results showed that both appliances produced the following effects: maxillary growth restriction, no change on mandibular development, improvement of maxilomandibular relationship, increase of lower anterior facial height and counterclockwise rotation of the functional occlusal plane. In the maxillary arch, the incisors were retruded and the molars were distalized in the two treated groups, but with more quantity of molars distalization in the MARA Group, which also showed a distal inclination of molars long axis and intrusion of these teeth. In the mandibular arch, both appliances caused buccal tipping and protrusion of the incisors, and mesial inclination of molars long axis, with more buccal tipping and vertical development restriction of the incisors in the MARA Group. At last, the MARA and Bionator allowed significant improvement of overjet, overbite and molar relationship, with more correction of overjet and molar relationship in the MARA Group.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2017-03-28T13:22:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Chiara Rodrigues de Amorim Lopes.pdf: 1063652 bytes, checksum: 6655c28f0a035e0d1cca00a02296e5fc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-28T13:22:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Chiara Rodrigues de Amorim Lopes.pdf: 1063652 bytes, checksum: 6655c28f0a035e0d1cca00a02296e5fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-24 / This study was to evaluate, through 3 trials, the efficiency of the lactoperoxidase system (LPS) activation on the preservation of refrigerated and non-refrigerated cow milk in Havana, Cuba. In the first and second trial was used raw milk stored at environmental temperature for 0, 4, 8 and 12 hours of storage and the SLP has been activated in the laboratory and camp, respectively. In the third trial was used raw milk refrigerated for 0, 24, 48, 72 and 120 hours of storage. SLP has been activated by the product STABILAK®, a commercial activator containing sodium thiocyanate and Sodium percarbonate. There was observed effect of treatment (activated and not activated) of storage time (P < 0.01) and of interaction treatment x time (P < 0.05) on the acidity in the three trials, effect of storage time on the lactose (P < 0.05) and total solids (P < 0.01) in trial II and effect of treatment on fat, protein, total solids (P < 0.01) and lactose (P < 0.05 ) in trial III. For the coliforms count, was observed effect of treatment (P < 0.01, trial I; P < 0.01, trial III), of storage time (P < 0.05, trials I and II; P <0.01, trial III) and treatment x time interaction (P < 0.05, trial III). For the psychrotrophic count was observed effect of treatment (P < 0.05) and storage time (P < 0.01). SLP inhibited the growth of coliforms population in raw milk non-refrigerated and kept the normal level of acidity up to 8 hours depending on the initial quality of milk. In refrigerated raw milk the inhibitory effect of SLP on the coliforms count was extended to 120 hours and the acidity was kept the normal level up to 48 hours after activation. There was no effect of SLP on the psychrotrophic population over the storage times. The SLP did not alter the initial concentrations of fat, protein, lactose and solids in all trials, and managed to prevent the degradation such components for periods of up to 120 hours in refrigerated raw milk. / Foram realizados três ensaios com o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência do sistema lactoperoxidase (SLP) na conservação do leite cru refrigerado e não-refrigerado no estado de Havana, Cuba. No primeiro e no segundo ensaio utilizou-se leite cru armazenado sob temperatura ambiente durante 0, 4, 8 e 12 horas de conservação e o SLP foi ativado em condições de laboratório e de campo, respectivamente. No terceiro ensaio foi utilizado leite cru, refrigerado durante 0, 24, 48, 72 e 120 horas de conservação. Para ativação do SLP utilizou-se um ativador do SLP composto por tiocianato e percarbonato de sódio conhecido como STABILAK®. Houve efeito de tratamento (ativado e não-ativado), de tempo de conservação (P < 0,01) e da interação tratamento x tempo (P < 0,05) sobre a acidez titulável nos três ensaios; efeito de tempo sobre o nível de lactose (P < 0,05) e os sólidos totais (P < 0,01) no ensaio II e, efeito de tratamento sobre os níveis de gordura, a proteína, os sólidos totais (P < 0,01) e a lactose (P < 0,05) no ensaio III. Para a contagem de coliformes totais, houve efeito de tratamento (P < 0,01, ensaio I; P < 0,01, ensaio III), de tempo de conservação (P < 0,05, ensaios I e II; P < 0,01, ensaio III) e da interação tratamento x tempo (P < 0,05, ensaio III). Para a contagem de psicrotróficos observou-se efeito de tratamento (P < 0,05) e de tempo de conservação (P < 0,01). O SLP inibiu o crescimento da população de coliformes em leite cru não-refrigerado e manteve o nível de acidez dentro dos limites aceitáveis até 8 horas, dependendo da qualidade inicial do leite. Em leite cru refrigerado o efeito inibitório do SLP sobre a contagem de coliformes totais foi prolongado até 120 horas e a acidez foi mantida dentro dos limites aceitáveis até 48 horas pós-ativação. Não foi observado efeito do SLP sobre a população de psicrotróficos ao longo dos tempos de conservação. O SLP não alterou as concentrações iniciais de gordura, proteína, lactose e sólidos totais, em todos os ensaios realizados, e conseguiu evitar que ocorresse degradação de tais componentes por períodos de até 120 horas, em leite cru refrigerado.

The impact storage has on function of platelet concentrates is not completely known, although some factors have been discovered and measures have been taken to counteract them, such as adding platelet additive solution. There are several methods for analysing platelet function. In this study, the aim was to analyse change of platelet function in platelet concentrates over time and to see what effect fibrogen has on the coagulation. A technique using free oscillation rheometry (FOR), ReoRox®, was used to analyse function in platelet concentrates, both over time and after addition of fibrinogen. The platelets were analyzed at a concentration of 800 x109 Ptl/L and activated with thrombin receptor antigen peptide (TRAP). For fibrinogen efect analysis, four different concentrations were used, 10 g/L, 2,25 g/L, 1,0 g/L and 0,1 g/L. The results showed no statistically significant change in the function over time. However an increase in elasticity and decrease in the decline of elasticity could be seen. While analysing the platelets with fibrinogen it showed that up to 2,25 g/L the aggregation increased, while it decreased significantly at 10 g/L. In conclusion, the platelet concentrates retained a good clotting function from day one to day seven of storage, while the clot became stronger and fibrinolysis decreased. Fibrinogen proved important for coagulation, however a too high concentration inhibits coagulation.

Please read the abstract on page 3 in the dissertation. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Chemical Pathology / unrestricted

Alkali-activated materials (AAM) are construction materials with great potential, especially for their environmental friendliness, but also due to their mechanical properties. Therefore, it is appropriate to pay further attention to these binders. This diploma thesis deals with monitoring the effectiveness of plasticizers in connection with the surface chemistry of the alkali-activated slag system. Sodium hydroxide and sodium water glass were used as alkaline activators for the preparation of alkali-activated blast furnace slag-based systems. To study the effectiveness of the lignosulfonate plasticizer, yield stress, heat flow, adsorption and zeta potential were monitored depending on the amount and time that the plasticizer was added to the system. The results show that the type of activator used in the mixtures plays an important role. NaOH-activated samples revealed the best efficiency of lignosulfonate plasticizers. A key factor in studying the behavior of the studied mixtures was the measurement of the zeta potential, which provided insight into the surface charge of blast furnace slag particles related to the ability of lignosulfonate to adsorb on grains of alkali-activated slag.