Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States and is expected to become the primary cause of disease-related death within the next decade. There are significant country-to-country variations in cancer incidence, which suggests that nutrition and dietary factors are important to the carcinogenesis process. An increased risk of cancer is associated with obesity and a high body mass index demonstrating that nutrition has a central role in the promotion of cancer. Healthy eating habits protect against cancer, while unhealthy eating habits increase the risk of cancer. Mediterranean societies have a lower risk for many cancers than those of northern Europe and the Americas. Mediterranean diets consist of a high consumption of fruits, vegetables, grains, beans, nuts, and seeds, with olive oil as an important source of monounsaturated fat. These foods are rich in lipid soluble antioxidants such as vitamin E. Vitamin E may prevent cancer by decreasing the formation of mutagens arising from the oxidation of lipids, decreasing oxidative stress in the epithelial cells as well as modulating molecular mechanisms that influence cell death, cell cycle, and transcriptional events. Vitamin E is a major fat-soluble antioxidant and it occurs naturally as eight compounds (alpha-, beta gamma-, and delta-tocopherol or alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocotrienol). Since the recognition of vitamin E in 1922 as an essential nutrient for reproduction, alphatocopherol has been considered the major form of vitamin E. It has the highest concentration in the plasma and has been studied more in epidemiological and clinical studies than any other form of vitamin E. Recent data suggests that other isoforms of vitamin E may be important in the control of cancer. These isoforms of vitamin E have varying anti-carcinogenic potencies. Data indicate that gamma-tocopherol may be a more effective anti-cancer agent than alpha-tocopherol. Our laboratories and others have demonstrated that tocotrienols are even more effective than tocopherols at inhibiting cell proliferation in cancer cells. Differences in apoptotic induction among the various vitamin E isoforms are reflective of different avenues of apoptotic signaling and may be tissue specific. Dietary fat has been linked to an increase in a number of cancers including colon, prostate, and breast cancer. Vitamin E modulates a number of molecular mechanisms involved in fat metabolism. These include: the peroxisome proliferator activator receptor (PPAR), arachidonic acid metabolism, de novo sphingolipid metabolism, and cholesterol metabolism. Vitamin E family members have demonstrated the potential to activate pathways involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and cell cycle. This chapter reviews data that identify the molecular targets of vitamin E action against the development of cancer.

PURPOSE: Hemothorax, the collection of blood in the intrapleural space, commonly arises in patients suffering from thoracic trauma. Fluid collections in this space can compromise cardiac and respiratory function and if left untreated, can result in hypovolemic crisis. Fluid is often successfully drained via a tube thoracostomy, in which an intercostal drain is inserted into the pleural space. If residual blood remains, however, clotting may occur and result in a retained hemothorax (RH). Intrapleural administration of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a fibrinolytic drug typically utilized in ischemic stroke, has been shown to be both a safe and effective technique to hydrolyze RH clots and reduce the need for more invasive surgical interventions. The present study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tPA administration at Boston Medical Center (BMC) and compare this data to those of prior studies. This study will also investigate if tPA as a definitive treatment for RH, could reduce the need for additional interventions such as surgical procedures including Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery (VATS) and/or invasive thoracaotomy. Hospital/intensive care unit (ICU) lengths of stay (LOS), ventilator time, and complication rates will be used to determine if tPA may allow for a significant decrease in patient cost and burden of care versus surgery. An analysis of patient demographics and injury data will be used to determine the individual factors that could be used to predict the success of tPA as a definitive treatment. Using evidence-based treatment protocols, the aforementioned data will be critically evaluated to determine the appropriate timing and sequential positioning of tPA administration in the treatment algorithm for retained hemothorax. METHODS: A single-institution retrospective chart review was conducted of patients treated for traumatic pneumohemothorax by the Department of Acute Care and Trauma Surgery at Boston Medical Center. A study on predictive factors of the development of retained hemothorax included all such patients that presented to the emergency department (ED) between May 2014 and June 2016. Demographic and injury characteristics were analyzed to determine if patients from specific groups or with specific injuries are more prone to develop RH. To evaluate the safety of intrapleural tissue plasminogen activator, the incidence of complications such as post-trauma infection and mortality were determined in patients that were administered tPA to resolve retained hemothorax between May 2014 through December 2016. Next, utilizing an expanded data set, the efficacy of tPA was evaluated by determining the percentage of cases in which tPA was able to definitively resolve RH. Secondary efficacy data including average hospital length of stay, average ICU length of stay, average mechanical ventilation time, and rate of readmission were compared between various interventions as well. Finally, to elucidate the risk factors for RH and independent predictors of tPA as a definitive treatment, demographic data including age, ethnicity, and gender as well as injury data including mechanism of injury, the presence or absence of multisystem trauma, and the presence or absence of specific injuries such as rib fracture, pulmonary contusion, or diaphragmic insult were collected. RESULTS: A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between the likelihood of developing RH and both abdominal alimentary tract and extremity injuries, indicating that these injuries may serve as predictive factors for RH development. In a study investigating the safety of intrapleural tPA, there was no statistically significant difference in post-trauma infection rates between individuals treated with tPA and those who were not. Additionally, tPA treatment was associated with a lower mortality rate. Efficacy studies revealed that tPA therapy was associated with a statistically significant decrease in mechanical ventilation time, as compared to surgical intervention, however, tPA carried a RH resolution rate of just 43% with one patient experiencing a major adverse systemic reaction to the drug. Finally, demographic and injury data were analyzed to determine predictive factors of tPA success, but no statistically significant relationships were observed between any of these characteristics and the outcome of tPA therapy. CONCLUSION: Intrapleural tPA is a safe and effective alternative to more invasive surgical procedures. The success rate of tPA therapy in the present study was less than previous studies have indicated, however, the potential decreased ventilation time is important for preventing ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) and the high rate of mortality it carries. Although the success rate is lower than expected, tPA should still be considered in the RH treatment protocol, prior to surgery, to decrease required ventilation time and potentially prevent the need for more invasive interventions with higher costs, morbidity, mortality rates, and patient burden.

The master thesis discusses the alkali-activation of aluminosilicate material (metakaolin), specifies the main components of geopolymer mixture, evaluates the influence of geopolymer mixture composition and the influence of other factors on final properties of geopolymer. Results of the mechanical properties and microstructure of the geopolymer pastes made out of metakaolin activated by various amounts (50–110 % by weight of metakaolin) of liquid water glass (with varying modulus from 0,5 to 3,0) or NaOH as well as KOH solution are presented in the experimental part.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(農学) / 乙第12878号 / 論農博第2805号 / 新制||農||1028(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H26||N4877(農学部図書室) / 31596 / (主査)教授 保川 清, 教授 安達 修二, 教授 伏木 亨 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第20607号 / 医博第4256号 / 新制||医||1023(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 山田 泰広, 教授 松田 道行, 教授 長船 健二 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Aim This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Van Beek activator in treating Class II malocclusions in the university student clinic, and to identify factors influencing treatment success. Additionally, a qualitative assessment was conducted to evaluate the quality of the recorded orthodontic journals by the students of the clinic and to rate the degree of adherence to the policy-clinic template. Material and method Data from 229 patients who had their treatment finished within the years 2012-2022 at the university clinic, including in-house and referred patients, were collected and analysed using SPSS. Results The orthodontic journals maintained a high quality, while following annotations for check-ups and end of treatment varied in quality. The success rate of Van Beek treatments was approximately 69%, which is comparable to previous studies done at the university clinic. The degree of patient cooperation was found to be significantly associated with treatment outcome, with patients who showed excellent cooperation achieving the pre-set treatment aims more frequently. Referred patients showed a higher degree of cooperation and better treatment outcomes compared to in-house patients, possibly due to a higher treatment need and more serious response to the treatment. Conclusion The Van Beek activator was found to be effective in reducing overjet, as previously reported in functional appliance studies. Overall, the study highlights the importance of patient motivation and cooperation in achieving successful orthodontic treatment outcomes. Further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of the Van Beek activator and to confirm the findings of this study. / Syfte Syftet med studien var att utvärdera effektiviteten av van Beek-aktivatorn vid behandling av postnormalt bett på Malmö universitets studentklinik, och att identifiera faktorer som påverkar lyckandet av behandling. Utöver det utfördes även en kvalitetsgranskning av de utförda behandlingarna för att utvärdera kvalitén på studenternas ortodontijournalanteckningar och följsamheten till journalmallen vid start av behandling. Material och metod Data från totalt 229 patienter, både remitterade och interna, som avslutade sina behandlingar på studentkliniken mellan år 2012–2022, samlades in och analyserades med hjälp av SPSS. Resultat Ortodontijournalanteckningarna höll en hög kvalitet, medan anteckningar för kontroller och avslutande av behandlingar varierade i kvalitet. Lyckandefrekvensen för van Beek-behandlingar var ca 69%, vilket är jämförbart med tidigare utförda studier på studentkliniker. Graden av kooperation visade sig vara signifikant associerad med behandlingsresultat, där patienter med utmärkt kooperation uppnådde behandlingsmålen i högre grad än övriga patienter. Remitterade patienter koopererade bättre än interna patienter och uppnådde i större utsträckning lyckade behandlingsresultat, möjligtvis på grund av ett större behandlingsbehov och en mer seriös respons på behandling. Slutsats Van Beek-aktivatorn var effektiv vid minskning av HÖB, som tidigare rapporterats i studier på avtagbara tandställningar. Studien belyser vikten av patienters motivation och kooperation för att uppnå lyckade behandlingsresultat. Ytterligare studier behöver utföras för att utvärdera den långsiktiga effektiviteten av Van Beek-aktivatorn, samt att bekräfta fynden i studien.

Angioedema is a localized, non-pitting, non-dependent, submucosal, and subcutaneous swelling resulting from the extravasation of fluid into the interstitium due to the increased production of plasma kinins and histamine. It can present with urticaria or anaphylaxis and is usually associated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis), complement deficiencies, or the side effects of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Orolingual angioedema following tPA for acute ischemic stroke is a transient, self-resolving hemifacial swelling contralateral to neurological deficits that can rarely progress to the airway, compromising it and leading to a life-threatening situation if not managed promptly.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間健康科学) / 甲第24292号 / 人健博第107号 / 新制||人健||8(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科人間健康科学系専攻 / (主査)教授 藤井 康友, 教授 岡 昌吾, 教授 滝田 順子 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human Health Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Craniofacial growth results from both environmental and genetic factors over time. It would be exciting to isolate genetic factors that influence treatment responses from patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Genetic genotyping and analysis of orthodontic patients is a new technologic advancement. The aim of this retrospective study is to examine the relationship of a specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs6180, of the Growth Hormone Receptor (GHR) gene with various craniofacial length parameters in patients who have received Herbst appliance therapy as part of orthodontic treatment. An initial lateral cephalometric radiograph was taken along with two buccal cheek swabs. The cells obtained have undergone DNA isolation with the Puregene method in microcentrifuge tubes (Gentra Systems, Minneapolis, MN). Upon termination of functional appliance therapy (post-Herbst), a final lateral cephalometric radiograph was taken. To analyze the genetic polymorphism and determine genotype, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and allelic discrimination were done using the 7000 Sequence Detection System (Applied Biosystems). Lateral cephalometric radiographs (initial, post-Herbst) of 25 patients were digitized and measured using the Dolphin Imaging program. Cephalometric measurements (S-N, S-A, Co-Go, Go-Gn, Ar-Gn, Go-Gn) were used to identify mandibular and craniofacial morphologic changes. Changes in Z-scores based on standards from the Michigan Growth Study were then converted to slow or normal growth status by slow being when the Z-score difference between the initial and final measurements is less than zero. The number of subjects with a slow versus normal growth status was compared to GHR polymorphism genotype. Statistical analysis of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and the changes in craniofacial length Z-scores in relation to a patient's genotype were performed using chi-square analysis. Results: The genotype frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Z-score differences for the S-A measurement was the only one found to be significant (p=0.005).

No description available.