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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Análise química e atividades antioxidante e citotóxica de amostras de própolis de alecrim / Chemical characterization and antioxidant and citotoxic activities from alecrim propolis

Silva, Caroline Cristina Fernandes da 16 October 2008 (has links)
A própolis é uma mistura complexa de substâncias, constituída por ceras de abelhas e resinas de plantas. Sua coloração e textura são bastante variáveis, e a composição química difere com o local onde está localizada a colméia. As abelhas utilizam a própolis para selar aberturas na colméia, como revestimento interno, manutenção de um ambiente asséptico, entre outros propósitos. Suas propriedades farmacológicas são conhecidas há tempos, sendo que, dentre as principais, pode-se citar a ação antimicrobiana, a antiinflamatória, a antioxidante e a citotóxica. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos principais a caracterização química, por meio do doseamento de fenóis, ceras e flavonóides, de seis amostras de própolis verde, provenientes de Minas Gerais e do Paraná, e a identificação por CG/EM e CLAE/EM de algumas substâncias presentes nas amostras. Além disso, foram testados os extratos brutos metanólicos e as frações hexânicas, clorofórmicas, metanólicas e de acetato de etila das amostras, quanto à atividade citotóxica em embriões de ouriço-do-mar, e quanto à atividade antioxidante. A caracterização química ocorreu através da quantificação do teor de ceras, por gravimetria, que variou de 38,79 a 104,6 mg/g. Os teores de fenóis totais foram obtidos através de reação colorimétrica com o reagente Folin-Ciocalteau (&#955 760 nm) e variou de 132,69 a 187,57 mg/g. A quantificação de flavonas e flavonóis ocorreu através da reação com AlCl3 (&#955=420 nm), variando de 15,17 a 40,42 mg/g. Os teores de flavanonas e isoflavonas foram quantificados através da reação com a dinitrofenilhidrazina (&#955=486 nm), sendo obtidos os valores de 11,95 a 18,91 mg/g. Os perfis cromatográficos mostraram-se bastante semelhantes, sendo identificadas 35 substâncias, predominando os derivados prenilados do ácido &#961-cumárico, ácidos cafeoilquínicos e alguns flavonóides. As atividades antioxidantes seguiram os métodos de redução do radical livre DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazila, λ= 517 nm) e o sistema β-caroteno/ácido linoléico (λ= 470 nm). Os resultados obtidos pelo primeiro método variaram de 10,50 a 18,56% (25 µg/mL), e pelo segundo método a variação foi de 71,2 a 84,1% (1 mg/mL). Alta atividade antioxidante, nas mesmas concentrações, também foi verificada nas frações de hexano, clorofórmio, acetato de etila e metanol, nos dois métodos. Possíveis relações entre a atividade antioxidante e os teores de fenóis e flavonas e flavonóis foram testadas através de correlação linear, pelo método dos mínimos quadrados, assumindo como significantes valores de R2 > 0,5. Verificou-se uma correlação positiva significativa entre a atividade antioxidante e os teores de fenóis no método do DPPH (R2 = 0,835). Essa correlação, entretanto, não foi observada no sistema &#946-caroteno/ácido linoléico (R² = 0,450). Quanto ao teor e flavonas e flavonóis, observou-se uma correlação positiva significativa tanto no método do DPPH (R2 = 0,783) quanto no sistema &#961-caroteno/ácido linoléico (R2 = 0,693). A ausência de correlação com o método de descoloração do &#946-caroteno e a presença de atividade antioxidante em frações de menor polaridade sugere que substâncias solúveis em solventes menos polares estejam atuando como antioxidantes nas própolis estudadas. As atividades citotóxicas foram testadas em embriões de ouriço-do-mar Lytechinus variegatus e foram caracterizadas principalmente pela inibição da primeira clivagem dos ovos recém-fertilizados, demonstrando um efeito anti-mitótico. Foi utilizada a concentração de 32 μg/mL de extrato para os testes, e a atividade variou de 97,33 a 100%. Na mesma concentração, verificou-se alta atividade nas frações de acetato de etila (100%), e baixa nas frações de metanol (< 5%); nas frações de hexano e clorofórmio a atividade foi bastante variável (4,33 a 98,5% e 2 a 92,5%, respectivamente). Os resultados sugerem a presença de substâncias com potencial citotóxico e, possivelmente, antitumoral, importantes para o desenvolvimento de novos tratamentos para o câncer. Por meio das PCA e PCO concluiu-se que as própolis coletadas em Minas Gerais diferem entre si, inclusive entre aquelas de mesma localização. As amostras coletadas no Paraná se mostraram muito semelhantes nas duas análises. Houve, entretanto, diferenças significativas entre as amostras A-D, coletadas em Minas Gerais, e aquelas, E e F, coletadas no Paraná. / Propolis is a complex mixture of substances derived from bee products and plant resins. Propolis color and texture vary widely and chemical composition is dependent on the hive locality. Bees use propolis to seal openings in the hive and to line it internally, which help keeping the environment aseptic. Propolis properties in medicine has been known since ancient times, and more recently activities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and cytotoxic have been demonstrated. The present work aimed to characterize chemically six samples of green propolis produced in the states of Minas Gerais and Paraná and identify their constituents by GC/MS and HPLC/MS. In addition, this investigation aimed to evaluate cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of the crude hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of all samples. Chemical characterization was carried out by the determination of the contents of wax, total phenols and flavonoids. Wax content was determined by extracting the waxes with chloroform, followed by purification with cold methanol and gravimetric determination. Wax contents varied from 28.79 to 104.6 mg/g. Total phenols were determined with the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent and. Values obtained varied in the range 132.69 - 187.57 mg/g. Flavone and flavonol contents combined were determined by the AlCl3 method and values obtained varied from 15.72 to 40.42 mg/g. Contents of flavanones and isoflavones combined were determined by the dinitrophenylhydrazine method, values varying in the range 11.95 -18.91. Chromatographic patterns were similar for all samples, with the predominance of derivatives of &#961-coumaric acid, caffeoylquinic acids and few flavonoids. Antioxidant activity determination followed the methods of the free radical DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrihydrazyl) and the β-carotene/linoleic acid. Results relative the former method and the crude methanol extract at 25 g/mL, results varied from 10.50 to 18.56%; regarding the latter method and the crude methanol extract at 1 mg/ml, results varied in the range 71.2 - 84.1%. High antioxidant activities at the same concentrations and using both methods were observed with the hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions. Relationships between antioxidant activity and contents of total phenols and flavonoids of the crude methanol extract were tested by means of linear correlation and the minimum square method, assuming as significant values of R2 > 0.5. Positive significant correlation was observed between antioxidant activity and total phenol contents determined with the DPPH method (R2 = 0.835). No significant correlation was obtained, however, with the β-carotene/linoleic acid method (R2 = 0.450). As to the flavone plus flavonol content, positive correlation was obtained with both DPPH and β-carotene/linoleic acid methods (R2 = 0.783 and 0.693, respectively). No correlation with the β-carotene discoloration method and high antioxidant activity of fractions obtained with low polarity solvents suggest that lipophylic chemical constituents exert antioxidant activity in analyzed samples. Cytotoxic activities of crude methanol extracts at 32 μg/mL were determined using sea urchin (Lytechinus variegatus) embryos, taking into account mainly the inhibition of the first cleavage of recently fertilized eggs, which characterize an anti-mitotic effect. Values obtained varied in the range 97.33 - 100%. At the same concentration, high activities were obtained with the ethyl acetate fraction (100%) and low activities with methanol fraction (< 0.5%). Regarding hexane and chloroform fractions, values varied widely (4.33 - 98.5% and 2 92.5%, respectively). Based on chemical composition, PCA and PCO analyses were carried out aiming the establishment of affinities among the six propolis samples. The results indicate that the samples from Minas Gerais differ significantly from those of Paraná The two samples of Paraná are very similar; however, significant differences exist among the four samples of Minas Gerais, even among samples from the same locality.
2

Análise química e atividades antioxidante e citotóxica de amostras de própolis de alecrim / Chemical characterization and antioxidant and citotoxic activities from alecrim propolis

Caroline Cristina Fernandes da Silva 16 October 2008 (has links)
A própolis é uma mistura complexa de substâncias, constituída por ceras de abelhas e resinas de plantas. Sua coloração e textura são bastante variáveis, e a composição química difere com o local onde está localizada a colméia. As abelhas utilizam a própolis para selar aberturas na colméia, como revestimento interno, manutenção de um ambiente asséptico, entre outros propósitos. Suas propriedades farmacológicas são conhecidas há tempos, sendo que, dentre as principais, pode-se citar a ação antimicrobiana, a antiinflamatória, a antioxidante e a citotóxica. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos principais a caracterização química, por meio do doseamento de fenóis, ceras e flavonóides, de seis amostras de própolis verde, provenientes de Minas Gerais e do Paraná, e a identificação por CG/EM e CLAE/EM de algumas substâncias presentes nas amostras. Além disso, foram testados os extratos brutos metanólicos e as frações hexânicas, clorofórmicas, metanólicas e de acetato de etila das amostras, quanto à atividade citotóxica em embriões de ouriço-do-mar, e quanto à atividade antioxidante. A caracterização química ocorreu através da quantificação do teor de ceras, por gravimetria, que variou de 38,79 a 104,6 mg/g. Os teores de fenóis totais foram obtidos através de reação colorimétrica com o reagente Folin-Ciocalteau (&#955 760 nm) e variou de 132,69 a 187,57 mg/g. A quantificação de flavonas e flavonóis ocorreu através da reação com AlCl3 (&#955=420 nm), variando de 15,17 a 40,42 mg/g. Os teores de flavanonas e isoflavonas foram quantificados através da reação com a dinitrofenilhidrazina (&#955=486 nm), sendo obtidos os valores de 11,95 a 18,91 mg/g. Os perfis cromatográficos mostraram-se bastante semelhantes, sendo identificadas 35 substâncias, predominando os derivados prenilados do ácido &#961-cumárico, ácidos cafeoilquínicos e alguns flavonóides. As atividades antioxidantes seguiram os métodos de redução do radical livre DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazila, λ= 517 nm) e o sistema β-caroteno/ácido linoléico (λ= 470 nm). Os resultados obtidos pelo primeiro método variaram de 10,50 a 18,56% (25 µg/mL), e pelo segundo método a variação foi de 71,2 a 84,1% (1 mg/mL). Alta atividade antioxidante, nas mesmas concentrações, também foi verificada nas frações de hexano, clorofórmio, acetato de etila e metanol, nos dois métodos. Possíveis relações entre a atividade antioxidante e os teores de fenóis e flavonas e flavonóis foram testadas através de correlação linear, pelo método dos mínimos quadrados, assumindo como significantes valores de R2 > 0,5. Verificou-se uma correlação positiva significativa entre a atividade antioxidante e os teores de fenóis no método do DPPH (R2 = 0,835). Essa correlação, entretanto, não foi observada no sistema &#946-caroteno/ácido linoléico (R² = 0,450). Quanto ao teor e flavonas e flavonóis, observou-se uma correlação positiva significativa tanto no método do DPPH (R2 = 0,783) quanto no sistema &#961-caroteno/ácido linoléico (R2 = 0,693). A ausência de correlação com o método de descoloração do &#946-caroteno e a presença de atividade antioxidante em frações de menor polaridade sugere que substâncias solúveis em solventes menos polares estejam atuando como antioxidantes nas própolis estudadas. As atividades citotóxicas foram testadas em embriões de ouriço-do-mar Lytechinus variegatus e foram caracterizadas principalmente pela inibição da primeira clivagem dos ovos recém-fertilizados, demonstrando um efeito anti-mitótico. Foi utilizada a concentração de 32 μg/mL de extrato para os testes, e a atividade variou de 97,33 a 100%. Na mesma concentração, verificou-se alta atividade nas frações de acetato de etila (100%), e baixa nas frações de metanol (< 5%); nas frações de hexano e clorofórmio a atividade foi bastante variável (4,33 a 98,5% e 2 a 92,5%, respectivamente). Os resultados sugerem a presença de substâncias com potencial citotóxico e, possivelmente, antitumoral, importantes para o desenvolvimento de novos tratamentos para o câncer. Por meio das PCA e PCO concluiu-se que as própolis coletadas em Minas Gerais diferem entre si, inclusive entre aquelas de mesma localização. As amostras coletadas no Paraná se mostraram muito semelhantes nas duas análises. Houve, entretanto, diferenças significativas entre as amostras A-D, coletadas em Minas Gerais, e aquelas, E e F, coletadas no Paraná. / Propolis is a complex mixture of substances derived from bee products and plant resins. Propolis color and texture vary widely and chemical composition is dependent on the hive locality. Bees use propolis to seal openings in the hive and to line it internally, which help keeping the environment aseptic. Propolis properties in medicine has been known since ancient times, and more recently activities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and cytotoxic have been demonstrated. The present work aimed to characterize chemically six samples of green propolis produced in the states of Minas Gerais and Paraná and identify their constituents by GC/MS and HPLC/MS. In addition, this investigation aimed to evaluate cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of the crude hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of all samples. Chemical characterization was carried out by the determination of the contents of wax, total phenols and flavonoids. Wax content was determined by extracting the waxes with chloroform, followed by purification with cold methanol and gravimetric determination. Wax contents varied from 28.79 to 104.6 mg/g. Total phenols were determined with the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent and. Values obtained varied in the range 132.69 - 187.57 mg/g. Flavone and flavonol contents combined were determined by the AlCl3 method and values obtained varied from 15.72 to 40.42 mg/g. Contents of flavanones and isoflavones combined were determined by the dinitrophenylhydrazine method, values varying in the range 11.95 -18.91. Chromatographic patterns were similar for all samples, with the predominance of derivatives of &#961-coumaric acid, caffeoylquinic acids and few flavonoids. Antioxidant activity determination followed the methods of the free radical DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrihydrazyl) and the β-carotene/linoleic acid. Results relative the former method and the crude methanol extract at 25 g/mL, results varied from 10.50 to 18.56%; regarding the latter method and the crude methanol extract at 1 mg/ml, results varied in the range 71.2 - 84.1%. High antioxidant activities at the same concentrations and using both methods were observed with the hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions. Relationships between antioxidant activity and contents of total phenols and flavonoids of the crude methanol extract were tested by means of linear correlation and the minimum square method, assuming as significant values of R2 > 0.5. Positive significant correlation was observed between antioxidant activity and total phenol contents determined with the DPPH method (R2 = 0.835). No significant correlation was obtained, however, with the β-carotene/linoleic acid method (R2 = 0.450). As to the flavone plus flavonol content, positive correlation was obtained with both DPPH and β-carotene/linoleic acid methods (R2 = 0.783 and 0.693, respectively). No correlation with the β-carotene discoloration method and high antioxidant activity of fractions obtained with low polarity solvents suggest that lipophylic chemical constituents exert antioxidant activity in analyzed samples. Cytotoxic activities of crude methanol extracts at 32 μg/mL were determined using sea urchin (Lytechinus variegatus) embryos, taking into account mainly the inhibition of the first cleavage of recently fertilized eggs, which characterize an anti-mitotic effect. Values obtained varied in the range 97.33 - 100%. At the same concentration, high activities were obtained with the ethyl acetate fraction (100%) and low activities with methanol fraction (< 0.5%). Regarding hexane and chloroform fractions, values varied widely (4.33 - 98.5% and 2 92.5%, respectively). Based on chemical composition, PCA and PCO analyses were carried out aiming the establishment of affinities among the six propolis samples. The results indicate that the samples from Minas Gerais differ significantly from those of Paraná The two samples of Paraná are very similar; however, significant differences exist among the four samples of Minas Gerais, even among samples from the same locality.
3

A paisagem da serra do Tepequém - RR e sua potencialidade para o geoturismo

Luciana Diniz Cunha 20 March 2013 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A serra do Tepequém, situada no Município de Amajarí no norte do Estado de Roraima, atraiu um enorme contingente de pessoas no final da década de 30, em virtude de sua riqueza mineral diamantífera, o que promoveu intensa atividade garimpeira. Esta atividade esteve concentrada, sobretudo nas bordas das drenagens, cujas marcas na paisagem são evidenciadas pela retirada da mata ciliar, presença de feições erosivas lineares além do assoreamento dos cursos. Entretanto, apesar das mudanças da paisagem advindas da atividade garimpeira, a serra do Tepequém ostenta um cenário paisagístico que atualmente é muito requisitado para a atividade turística. Essa beleza cênica é atribuída as suas características fisiográficas com destaque para as feições geológicas-geomorfológicas que sustentam e modelam a paisagem local. A crescente atividade turística, praticada de forma desordenada imprime impactos negativos na paisagem e baixo rendimento econômico para a comunidade da serra do Tepequém. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho busca relacionar os aspectos paisagísticos de cunho geológico e geomorfológico da serra do Tepequém e seu potencial para o geoturismo. Visando este entendimento foram realizados os seguintes procedimentos metodológicos: levantamento bibliográfico, cartográfico e de sensores remotos sobre a área de estudo e o segmento geoturístico; aquisição de dados em duas etapas de trabalho de campo (identificação dos pontos geoturísticos, mapeamento de trilhas, entrevistas com ex-garimpeiros) e em gabinete processamento das imagens digitais e análise e correlação dos dados. As mudanças na paisagem em consequência do histórico da atividade garimpeira são evidentes nos igarapés Cabo Sobral e Paiva, os quais exibem extensas áreas aluvionares e perda significativa da mata ciliar. As potencialidades geoturísticas identificadas (morros, mirantes, cachoeiras e cavernas) foram descritas e denominadas conforme suas características geológicas-geomorfológicas e reunidas em um único produto (carta-imagem) constituindo uma fonte de pesquisa de cunho técnico científico. As trilhas apresentaram alto grau de dificuldade, mas a riqueza de feições geológicas-geomorfológicas permitem um aproveitamento turístico com ênfase na temática educativa. Com relação as estratégias de valorização e utilização da serra do Tepequém, estas corroboram para a preservação e ao mesmo tempo proporciona o desenvolvimento da vila Tepequém, por agregar valor e selecionar o público interessado no viés geoturístico. Portanto, a serra do Tepequém resguarda uma geodiversidade que pode ser utilizada e preservada por meio da atividade geoturística. / The mountain Tepequém, located in the Municipality of Amajari in northern Roraima state, attracted a huge number of people in their late 30s, because of its mineral wealth diamond, which promoted intense mining activity. This activity was concentrated mainly on the edges of drainages, whose marks in the landscape are evidenced by the removal of riparian vegetation, presence of linear erosional features beyond the silting of courses. However, despite the changes of the landscape resulting from mining activity, the mountain Tepequém display a landscaped setting that is currently much in demand for tourism. This scenic beauty is attributed to its physiographic characteristics with emphasis on geomorphologicalgeological features that support and shape the local landscape. The growing tourist activity, practiced in a disorderly mode prints negative impacts on the landscape and low economic return to the community of the Tepequém mountain. In this context, this paper aims to relate the landscape aspects of geological and geomorphological nature of the Tepequém mountain and its potential for geotourism. Aiming this understanding were performed the following methodological procedures: bibliographical survey, mapping and remote sensing on the study area and the geotouristc segment, data acquisition in two stages of fieldwork (Identification of points, mapping trails, interviews with former miners) and in office processing of digital images and analysis and correlation of data. The landscape changes as a result of historic mining activity are evident in streams Cabo Sobral and Paiva, which exhibit extensive alluvial areas and significant loss of riparian vegetation. The potential geoturistc identified (hills, lookouts, waterfalls and caves) have been described and named as its geologicalgeomorphological aspects and combined in a single product (image map) are a key source of research stamp scientific - technical. The tracks showed a high degree of difficulty, but the wealth of geologic-geomorphological, allow a tourist use with emphasis on educational theme. Regarding strategies for appreciation and utilization of Tepequém mountain, they corroborate the preservation while providing the development of the Tepequém village, by adding value and select the interested public in geoturist bias. Therefore, the Tepequém mountain has a geodiversity that can be used and preserved through activity geoturistc.
4

Avalia??o da atividade fotoprotetora in vitro de extratos etan?licos de tr?s esp?cies de Marcetia e suas formula??es

Costa, S?nia Carine Cova 17 December 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2016-06-14T22:48:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE S?NIA CARINE COVA COSTA.pdf: 4450540 bytes, checksum: 273e33d63aa35b23e7686b53ad4e5b56 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-14T22:48:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE S?NIA CARINE COVA COSTA.pdf: 4450540 bytes, checksum: 273e33d63aa35b23e7686b53ad4e5b56 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-17 / Solar radiation is the main factor in the appearance of skin diseases. Preventive measures against skin photoaging are necessary and one of the ways to avoid it is to use sunscreen. The genus Marcetia (Melastomataceae) is endemic of rocky fields in northeastern Brazil and are adapted to high sunlight conditions due to bioproduction of flavonoids. The initial goal of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant activities, photoprotection (UVB/UVA) and toxicity of ethanolic extracts of M. taxifolia, M. macrophylla and M. latifolia. Thus, it was investigated the potential photoprotection of the extracts incorporated at 5, 10, 20 and 30% by polawax? lotion. All tests were performed in vitro. The formulations were evaluated in the physicochemical standpoint. In addition it was held HPLC-DAD for identification and quantification of flavonoids. The spectrophotometric method was used to determine the total level of flavonoids (TFC), DPPH? (antioxidant activity) and photoprotective activity (UVB/UVA). The evaluation of toxicity was made by means of the HET-CAM test, and hemolysis rate. The most promising extract was fractionated. Photoprotective formulations have been developed (5, 10, 20 and 30%), which also had their sunscreen profile UVB / UVA evaluated. The M. taxifolia showed higher quercetin content, with 55.78 g/Kg and 168 ?g/mL, following the studies of HPLC-DAD and TFT. All Marcetia ssp extracts had an antioxidant activity around 95%. Likewise, the three species had good results to SPF and UVA photoprotection. The species that has better value SPF was M. macrophylla (20.25) and UVA protection was M. taxifolia (86.04%), but these species have a higher toxic potential related to M. latifolia, which also had a good value SPF (13.12) and UVA (78.09%). The toxicity results show that this species is more secure and is considered an irritant and of weak hemolysis rate (23.51%), while the other species had a hemolysis rate ? 50%. Given these results EEML was fractionated into five fractions (MLFR02, MLFR03, MLFR04, MLFR05, MLFR06). After testing, MLFR02 showed good UVB sunscreen activity (17,52) and UVA (87.49%), but the safest was MLFR02 beyond presenting results in a high SPF value (37.82) when incorporated into the emulsion which makes it suitable for individuals who are very sensitive to sunburn. / A radia??o solar ? o principal fator de surgimento de patologias t?picas. Medidas preventivas contra o fotoenvelhecimento cut?neo s?o necess?rias e umas das formas ? o uso de fotoprotetores. O g?nero Marcetia (Melastomataceae) ? end?mico dos campos rupestres do nordeste brasileiro e s?o adaptadas as condi??es de alta incid?ncia solar devido ? bioprodu??o de flavonoides. Este trabalho teve como objetivo inicial avaliar as atividades antioxidante, fotoprotetora (UVB/UVA) e toxicidade dos extratos etan?licos de M. taxifolia, M. macrophylla e M. latifolia. Em seguida, foi investigado o potencial fotoprotetor dos extratos incorporados a 5, 10, 20 e 30% em lo??o polawax?. Todos os testes foram realizados in vitro. As formula??es foram avaliadas do ponto de vista f?sico-qu?mico. Em adi??o realizou-se CLAE-DAD para identifica??o e quantifica??o dos flavonoides. O m?todo espectrofotom?trico foi usado para determina??o do teor total de flavonoides (TFC), m?todo DPPH? (atividade antioxidante) e atividade fotoprotetora (UVB/UVA). A avalia??o da toxicidade foi feita por meio do teste HET-CAM e hem?lise. O extrato mais promissor foi fracionado. Foram desenvolvidas formula??es fotoprotetoras (5, 10, 20 e 30%), as quais tamb?m tiveram seu perfil fotoprotetor UVB/UVA avaliados. A M. taxifolia apresentou maior teor de quercetina, com 55,78 g/Kg e 168 ?g/mL, conforme os estudos de CLAE-DAD e TFT. Todos os extratos de Marcetia ssp. tiveram uma atividade antioxidante em torno de 95%. Da mesma forma que as tr?s esp?cies tiveram bons resultados de FPS e fotoprote??o UVA. A esp?cie que apresentou melhor valor de FPS foi a M. macrophylla (20,25) e prote??o UVA foi a M. taxifolia (86,04%), por?m estas esp?cies tem um potencial t?xico superior a M. latifolia, que tamb?m teve um bom valor de FPS (13,12) e prote??o UVA (78,09%). Os resultados de toxicidade mostram que esta esp?cie foi a mais segura, sendo considerada um irritante fraco e com uma taxa de hem?lise de 23,51%, enquanto as outras esp?cies tiveram a taxa de hem?lise ? 50%. Diante destes resultados o EEML foi fracionado em cinco fra??es (MLFR02, MLFR03, MLFR04, MLFR05, MLFR06). Ap?s os ensaios, a MLFR02 apresentou boa atividade fotoprotetora UVB (FPS: 17, 52) e UVA (87,49%), por?m a mais segura foi a MLFR02, al?m de apresentar um alto valor FPS (37,82) quando incorporada ? emuls?o o que a faz ser indicada para indiv?duos muito sens?veis a queimadura solar.
5

Contribution a la connaissance chimique et valorisation biologique de nectandra membranacea (swartz) grisebach de Guadeloupe / Contribution to chemical knowledge and biological recovery of Nectandra membranacea (Swartz) Grisebach of Guadeloupe

Joseph-Angélique, Josianny 23 July 2015 (has links)
Nectandra membranacea (Lauraceae) est une plante très commune aux Petites Antilles. Aucune utilisation traditionnelle de cette plante n’est connue mais le genre Nectandra, qui représente le deuxième plus important de la famille des Lauraceae avec 114 espèces reconnues, présente des propriétés analgésiques, anti-inflammatoires et énergétiques (Le Quesne et al 1980). Nectandra a également démontré une activité antitumorale (Silva-Filho, 2004). Les nombreuses propriétés du genre et le peu de connaissance chimique sur cette espèce nous ont incités à réaliser une étude phytochimique et à évaluer le potentiel biologique des différentes parties de cette plante. L’analyse des lipides a été effectuée, et les principales classes de métabolites secondaires (terpènes, flavonoïdes, alcaloïdes) ont été recherchées dans les feuilles, les écorces et les fruits de Nectandra membranacea. Afin de suivre les variations de la composition chimique en fonction du cycle de vie du végétal, l’étude a été réalisée sur des échantillons (feuilles, écorces et fruits), récoltés à deux stades du cycle de la plante : la germination (stade A) et la fructification (stade B). N. membranacea, grâce à la présence de nombreuses familles chimiques, possède des activités biologiques intéressantes. Les huiles essentielles ont montré des activités anticancéreuses, anti-inflammatoires, antioxydantes et antiherpétiques. Les extraits polyphénoliques issus des différentes parties de la plante ont montré une très grande activité antioxydante (ORAC et DPPH) et in vitro (cellules saines) ainsi que des propriétés anti-inflammatoires notables. Les extraits d’alcaloïdes totaux issus des trois parties ont été évalués pour la maladie d’Alzheimer et ont révélé de très bons effets neuroprotecteurs, plus particulièrement pour les extraits de feuilles récoltées lors de la germination. Ce travail a permis d’élargir la connaissance des huiles essentielles de l’espèce (composition pour plusieurs parties et activité biologique). Des flavonoïdes ont été identifiés, mais la plante s’est révélée particulièrement riche en alcaloïdes (une quinzaine) de type isoquinoliques et indoliques. N. membranacea se révèle être une plante aux nombreuses propriétés, au regard de ses activités biologiques intéressantes. Des extraits pourraient être utilisés comme principes actifs dans des médicaments mais également en industrie cosmétique. / Nectandra membranacea (Lauraceae) is a very common plant in the French West Indies. No traditional use of this plant is known, but the genus Nectandra, which represents the second most important of Lauraceae family with 114 recognized species, has got analgesic, anti-inflammatory and energizing activities (Le Quesne et al 1980). Nectandra was also identified as a potential antitumor agent (Silva-Filho, 2004). Many properties of the genus, and some chemical knowledge of this species, have prompted us to perform phytochemical and biological study of different parts of the plant. Lipids and the main classes of secondary metabolites (terpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids) were investigated in leaves, bark and fruits of Nectandra membranacea. To determine the monitoring changes in the chemical composition, according to the life cycle of the plant, the study was carried out on samples (leaves, bark and fruits) harvested at two stages of the cycle plant : germination (stage A) and fruit stage (stage B). N. membranacea, thanks to the presence of many chemical families, has interesting biological activities. Essential oils have shown anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities. They revealed antiviral activity on the herpes virus. The polyphenolic extracts from different parts of the plant showed a high antioxidant activity (ORAC and DPPH tests) and in vitro (healthy cells) and significant anti-inflammatory properties. The total alkaloids extracted from the three parts were evaluated for Alzheimer’s disease and were found to have very good protective effects, especially the leaves’ extracts collected during germination. This work has expanded knowledge of the essential oil of the species (composition of several parts and biological activity). Flavonoids have been identified, but the plant was shown to be particularly rich in alkaloids (fifteen were identified) of indolic and isoquinolic type. N. membranacea presents many properties. In view of its interesting biological activities, it could be used for many drugs but also in cosmetic area.
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Le rôle modérateur de la participation aux activités parascolaires dans la relation entre la déviance des amis et le désengagement comportemental chez les adolescents

Brossard, Marie-Michèle 06 1900 (has links)
Ce projet de mémoire vise à examiner dans quelle mesure la participation aux activités parascolaires modère le lien entre l'affiliation aux pairs déviants et le désengagement comportemental différentiel des adolescents et des adolescentes entre la première et la deuxième secondaire. L'échantillon initial est composé de 448 élèves de première secondaire fréquentant deux écoles de la région de Montréal. Au cours de deux années consécutives, le niveau de désengagement comportemental, la participation aux activités parascolaires et le nombre d'amis déviants ont été évalués à partir de mesures auto-révélées par l'élève. Les résultats démontrent qu'au-delà du niveau de scolarité de la mère et du niveau de déviance du jeune, l'affiliation à des pairs déviants est positivement associée au désengagement comportemental de l'adolescent. Par ailleurs, la participation aux activités parascolaires semble être un facteur aggravant pour le désengagement comportemental du jeune. De plus, nos résultats révèlent que l'effet de la participation aux activités parascolaires n’est pas le même pour les garçons et pour les filles. En discussion, plusieurs pistes de réflexion sont soulevées pour expliquer ces résultats surprenants. Les implications pour la recherche et l’intervention sont également présentées. / This study aims to examine the moderating role of extracurricular activities on the relationship between deviant peer affiliation and boys’ and girls’ disengagement between the first and second years of secondary school. The sample was composed of 448 students from two secondary schools in Montreal. During two successive years, the level of behavioral disengagement, extracurricular activities participation, and number of deviant peers were evaluated with self-reported measures. Results show that, beyond the mother’s educational level and youth deviancy, affiliation with deviant peers is positively associated with adolescent behavioral disengagement. Moreover, extracurricular activities participation is positively but marginally associated with student disengagement. Finally, results suggest that the effect of extracurricular activities participation varies between boys and girls. The discussion highlights the different implications of these results for research and intervention.
7

Le rôle modérateur de la participation aux activités parascolaires dans la relation entre la déviance des amis et le désengagement comportemental chez les adolescents

Brossard, Marie-Michèle 06 1900 (has links)
Ce projet de mémoire vise à examiner dans quelle mesure la participation aux activités parascolaires modère le lien entre l'affiliation aux pairs déviants et le désengagement comportemental différentiel des adolescents et des adolescentes entre la première et la deuxième secondaire. L'échantillon initial est composé de 448 élèves de première secondaire fréquentant deux écoles de la région de Montréal. Au cours de deux années consécutives, le niveau de désengagement comportemental, la participation aux activités parascolaires et le nombre d'amis déviants ont été évalués à partir de mesures auto-révélées par l'élève. Les résultats démontrent qu'au-delà du niveau de scolarité de la mère et du niveau de déviance du jeune, l'affiliation à des pairs déviants est positivement associée au désengagement comportemental de l'adolescent. Par ailleurs, la participation aux activités parascolaires semble être un facteur aggravant pour le désengagement comportemental du jeune. De plus, nos résultats révèlent que l'effet de la participation aux activités parascolaires n’est pas le même pour les garçons et pour les filles. En discussion, plusieurs pistes de réflexion sont soulevées pour expliquer ces résultats surprenants. Les implications pour la recherche et l’intervention sont également présentées. / This study aims to examine the moderating role of extracurricular activities on the relationship between deviant peer affiliation and boys’ and girls’ disengagement between the first and second years of secondary school. The sample was composed of 448 students from two secondary schools in Montreal. During two successive years, the level of behavioral disengagement, extracurricular activities participation, and number of deviant peers were evaluated with self-reported measures. Results show that, beyond the mother’s educational level and youth deviancy, affiliation with deviant peers is positively associated with adolescent behavioral disengagement. Moreover, extracurricular activities participation is positively but marginally associated with student disengagement. Finally, results suggest that the effect of extracurricular activities participation varies between boys and girls. The discussion highlights the different implications of these results for research and intervention.

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