La Fabrication Additive (FA) vient aujourd’hui bouleverser des habitudes de conception bien ancrées, et suscite dans le même temps un intérêt grandissant pour les perspectives qu’elle offre pour l’innovation produit. Pourtant, alors que les enjeux liés à l’innovation sont prépondérants en conception amont, peu de concepteurs connaissent et utilisent le potentiel des connaissances FA pour développer puis sélectionner des solutions créatives. Dans ce contexte, notre recherche a pour objectif d’augmenter la capacité d’innovation des concepteurs en intégrant des connaissances FA lors de la conception amont. Pour cela nous proposons d’intégrer des connaissances FA explicites dites « au juste besoin », c’est-à-dire dont le contenu, l'instanciation et le support sont adaptés aux besoins des équipes de conception. De plus, nous proposons que cette intégration s’effectue dans un modèle de conception permettant l’approche Design With Additive Manufacturing (DWAM). Nos apports sont la proposition : d’une démarche, basée sur le Knowledge Management, permettant de repérer, capitaliser puis valoriser les connaissances FA au juste besoin ; mais également d’un modèle de conception amont en 3 étapes dans lequel les connaissances FA utiles à l’approche DWAM sont spécifiées. Enfin, ce modèle enrichi est valorisé dans un outil numérique support afin de faciliter le travail collaboratif et concourant. / The onset of Additive Manufacturing (AM) upsets design practices and is receiving attention because its potential is promising for product innovation. However, while innovation issues are paramount during early design stages, few designers have sufficient knowledge about AM and use it poorly to develop creative solutions. Thus, our research objective is the increase of the innovation capacity of the design team through the integration of AM knowledge into early design. To do this, we propose to use “just needed” AM knowledge, i.e., AM knowledge whose contents, supports and instancing are tailored to the design team needs. Moreover, we propose that this integration takes place in a design model that allows the Design With Additive Manufacturing (DWAM) approach. Our contributions are both the proposal of a methodology based on Knowledge Management dedicated to the identification, the capitalization and the valorization of the “just needed” AM knowledge; and of a design model in 3 stages, in which the useful for DWAM approach AM knowledge is specified. Finally, this enriched model is valued in a digital tool in order to improve collaborative and concurrent design.

This thesis presents a statistical approach which incorporates pedigree information in the form of relationship matrices into the analysis of standard agricultural genetic trials, where elite lines are tested. Allowing for the varying levels of inbreeding of the lines which occur in these types of trials, the approach involves the partitioning of the genetic effect of lines into additive genetic effects and non-additive genetic effects. The current methodology for creating relationship matrices is developed and in particular an approach to create the dominance matrix under full inbreeding in a more efficient manner is presented. A new method for creating the dominance matrix assuming no inbreeding is also presented. The application of the approach to the single site analyses of wheat breeding trials is shown. The wheat lines evaluated in these trials are inbred lines so that the total genetic effect of each of the lines is partitioned into an additive genetic effect and an epistatic genetic effect. Multi-environment trial analysis is also explored through the application of the approach to a sugarcane breeding trial. The sugarcane lines are hybrids and therefore the total genetic effect of each hybrid is partitioned into an additive genetic effect, a heterozygous dominance genetic effect and a residual non-additive genetic effect. Finally, the approach for inbred lines is examined in a simulations study where the levels of heritability and the genetic variation as a proportion of total trial variation is explored in single site analyses. / Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2008

In this thesis, we study theoretically and empirically the additive abstraction-based heuristics. First we present formal general definitions for abstractions that extend to general additive abstractions. We show that the general definition makes proofs of admissibility, consistency, and additivity easier, by proving that several previous methods for defining abstractions and additivity satisfy three imple conditions. Then we investigate two general methods for defining additive abstractions and run experiments to determine the effectiveness of these methods for two benchmark state spaces: TopSpin and the Pancake puzzle. Third, we propose that the accuracy of the heuristics generated by abstraction can be improved by checking for infeasibility. The theory and experiments demonstrate the approach to detect infeasibility and the application of this technique to different domains. Finally, we explore the applications of additive abstraction-based heuristics in two state spaces with nonuniform edge costs: the Sequential Ordering Problem (SOP) and the weighted Pancake puzzle. We formalize a novel way of generating additive and non-additive heuristics for these state spaces. Furthermore, we investigate the key concepts to generate good additive and non-additive abstractions. Experiments show that compared to some simple alternative heuristics, well chosen abstractions can enhance the quality of suboptimal solutions for large SOP instances and reduce search time for the weighted Pancake problems.

An in vitro technique was adapted for screening the ability of Rosa hybrida L. genotypes to form embryogenic callus to elucidate the inheritance of this ability. Filament and leaf petiole explants of modern rose cultivars 'Tournament of Roses' and 'Baby Love' were cultured on somatic embryogenesis induction media and evaluated for the ability to produce embryogenic callus. Cultures of 'Tournament of Roses' produced somatic embryos at a much higher frequency versus 'Baby Love' that produced no embryos. Subsequently, filament explants of eleven 'Tournament of Roses' x 'Baby Love' progeny genotypes were cultured on somatic embryogenesis induction media and evaluated for the ability to undergo somatic embryogenesis. The progeny genotypes produced somatic embryos at varied frequencies. The results obtained indicated that the ability to undergo embryogenesis in Rosa hybrida L. is heritable in an additive fashion with the involvement of more than one gene.

Succinimide-based dispersants are the most commonly used dispersants in the oil industry. They are used in engine oil to prevent the aggregation of carbon-rich particles generated during engine operation, and consequently reduce the production of sludge and the emission of fine particles into the air that cause air pollution. This project aims at studying the efficiency of a series of non-ionic dispersants at stabilizing carbon-rich particles in an apolar solvent. The dispersants are composed of two polyisobutylene apolar chains and a polyamine core that was modified by reacting the dispersant with ethylene carbonate. This thesis describes the synthesis of a series of unmodified and modified dispersants with different amine contents. It also includes different techniques used in the characterization of the chemical composition of the dispersants, as well as the synthesis of the model compounds which enabled the characterization of the dispersants. A preliminary study on the micelle formation of the dispersants is also presented in this thesis.

We prove a new bound on a version of the sum-product problem studied by Chang. By introducing several combinatorial tools, this expands upon a method of Croot and Hart which used the Tarry-Escott problem to build distinct sums from polynomials with specific vanishing properties. We also study other aspects of the sum-product problem such as a method to prove a dual to a result of Elekes and Ruzsa and a conjecture of J. Solymosi on combinatorial geometry. Lastly, we study two combinatorial problems on sumsets over the reals. The first involves finding Freiman isomorphisms of real-valued sets that also preserve the order of the original set. The second applies results from the former in proving a new Balog-Szemeredi type theorem for real-valued sets.

An in vitro technique was adapted for screening the ability of Rosa hybrida L. genotypes to form embryogenic callus to elucidate the inheritance of this ability. Filament and leaf petiole explants of modern rose cultivars 'Tournament of Roses' and 'Baby Love' were cultured on somatic embryogenesis induction media and evaluated for the ability to produce embryogenic callus. Cultures of 'Tournament of Roses' produced somatic embryos at a much higher frequency versus 'Baby Love' that produced no embryos. Subsequently, filament explants of eleven 'Tournament of Roses' x 'Baby Love' progeny genotypes were cultured on somatic embryogenesis induction media and evaluated for the ability to undergo somatic embryogenesis. The progeny genotypes produced somatic embryos at varied frequencies. The results obtained indicated that the ability to undergo embryogenesis in Rosa hybrida L. is heritable in an additive fashion with the involvement of more than one gene.

Succinimide-based dispersants are the most commonly used dispersants in the oil industry. They are used in engine oil to prevent the aggregation of carbon-rich particles generated during engine operation, and consequently reduce the production of sludge and the emission of fine particles into the air that cause air pollution. This project aims at studying the efficiency of a series of non-ionic dispersants at stabilizing carbon-rich particles in an apolar solvent. The dispersants are composed of two polyisobutylene apolar chains and a polyamine core that was modified by reacting the dispersant with ethylene carbonate. This thesis describes the synthesis of a series of unmodified and modified dispersants with different amine contents. It also includes different techniques used in the characterization of the chemical composition of the dispersants, as well as the synthesis of the model compounds which enabled the characterization of the dispersants. A preliminary study on the micelle formation of the dispersants is also presented in this thesis.

No description available.

No description available.