Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Univ., 2004. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2004. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2009. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Vita. "May 2009" Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Vita. "May 2005" Includes bibliographical references.

Εισαγωγή: Η παιδική παχυσαρκία αποτελεί μία επιδημία του σύγχρονου δυτικού κόσμου και ορίζεται λειτουργικά ως η υπέρμετρη αύξηση του λιπώδους ιστού. Η παχυσαρκία αποτελεί ανεξάρτητο παράγοντα κινδύνου για την ανάπτυξη μίας πληθώρας συνοσηροτήτων όπως την αντίσταση στην ινσουλίνη, το σακχαρώδη διαβήτη τύπου 2, καρδιοαγγειακά νοσήματα και μεταβολικό σύνδρομο. Ο λιπώδης ιστός είναι ένα παρακρινές και ενδοκρινές όργανο, το οποίο μέσω της έκκρισης κυτταροκινών και φλεγμονογόνων παραγόντων έχει την ικανότητα να ρυθμίσει το ενεργειακό ισοζύγιο του οργανισμού. Η αντιπονεκτίνη μία από τις πιο σημαντικές κυτταροκίνες του λιπώδους ιστού, μέσω των υποδοχέων της AdipoR1 και AdipoR2, ενεργοποιεί την ινσουλινοεπαγώμενη πρόσληψη της γλυκόζης από το λιποκύτταρο, ενώ έχει αντι-φλεγμονώδης και αντι-αθηρωματική δράση σε άλλους ιστούς του οργανισμού. Ο PPAR-γ, ανήκει στην υπερ-οικογένεια των πυρηνικών υποδοχέων PPARs (peroxisome proliferative-activated receptors) και είναι ένας μεταγραφικός παράγοντας, ο οποίος σε ανταπόκριση στα κυκλοφορούντα ελεύθερα λιπαρά οξέα, ενεργοποιεί τη διαφοροποίηση των προλιποκυττάρων σε ώριμα λιποκύτταρα μικρού μεγέθους με πολλά λιποσταγονίδια. Το PPAR-γ μέσω της ενεργοποίησης του από τους ενδογενείς υποκαταστάτες του, τις θειαζολιδινεδιόνες, επάγει την ινσουλινοευαισθησία και αυξάνει την έκφραση της αντιπονεκτίνης. Τα ενδοκανναβινοειδή, μέσω των υποδοχέων τους CB1 και CB2, ρυθμίζουν την όρεξη στο κεντρικό νευρικό σύστημα, ενώ μπορούν να ενεργοποιήσουν περιφερικά τη λιπογένεση και να μειώσουν τη γονιδιακή έκφραση της αντιπονεκτίνης. Τα ενδοκανναβινοειδή βρίσκονται υπερενεργοποιημένα σε ενήλικες παχύσαρκους, ενώ τα επίπεδα της αντιπονεκτίνης μειώνονται σημαντικά. Σκοπός: Να μελετηθούν τα επίπεδα έκφρασης του AdipoR1, του PPAR-γ, του CB1 και των ενζύμων των ενδοκανναβινοειδών FAAH και DAGL-α, σε λεπτόσωμα και παχύσαρκα προεφηβικά παιδιά και να συσχετιστούν με τα κυκλοφορούντα επίπεδα της αντιπονεκτίνης και της ινσουλίνης. Μεθοδολογία: Για το σκοπό αυτό αναπτύχθηκαν πρωτογενείς καλλιέργειες προλιποκυττάρων και ώριμων λιποκυττάρων από βιοψίες κοιλιακού υποδόριου λιπώδους ιστού 17 παχύσαρκων (BMI>95%) και 36 λεπτόσωμων (BMI<85%) προεφηβικών παιδιών. Τα παιδιά χωρίστηκαν σε δύο ηλικιακές ομάδες, ομάδα Α: 2μηνών-7 ετών και ομάδα Β: 9-12 ετών. Η γονιδιακή και πρωτεϊνική έκφραση του AdipoR1, PPAR-γ και CB1 μελετήθηκαν με τη μέθοδο RT-PCR και Western Immunoblotting. Επίσης, η γονιδιακή έκφραση των ενζύμων των ενδοκανναβινοειδών FAAH και DAGL-α, μελετήθηκαν με Real-Time PCR. Τα κυκλοφορούντα επίπεδα της ολικής και HMW αντιπονεκτίνης όπως και της ινσουλίνης μετρήθηκαν με ELISA, ενώ υπολογίστηκε ο δείκτης ινσουλινοαντίστασης HOMA-IR και μετρήθηκε η περίμετρος κοιλίας σε κάθε παιδί. Αποτελέσματα: Η πρωτεϊνική έκφραση του AdipoR1 βρέθηκε μειωμένη στα προλιποκύτταρα και ώριμα λιποκύτταρα των μικρότερων παχύσαρκων παιδιών της ομάδας Α, σε σύγκριση με τα αντίστοιχα λεπτόσωμά τους. To PPAR-γ βρέθηκε αυξημένο στα ώριμα λιποκύτταρα των λεπτόσωμων και παχύσαρκων παιδιών, σε σύγκριση με τα προλιποκύτταρά τους, ενώ ήταν και σημαντικά αυξημένο στα ώριμα λιποκύτταρα των μικρότερων παχύσαρκων παιδιών, σε σύγκριση με τα αντίστοιχα λεπτόσωμά τους. Ο υποδοχέας των ενδοκανναβινοειδών, CB1, ήταν σημαντικά μειωμένος στα ώριμα λιποκύτταρα των παχύσαρκων παιδιών και των δύο ηλικιακών ομάδων, σε σύγκριση με τα αντίστοιχα λεπτόσωμά τους, ενώ παρουσίασε μία σημαντική αύξηση με την ηλικία. Επιπρόσθετα, το ένζυμο αποδόμησης FAAH (για την ανανδαμίδη) μειώθηκε με την ηλικία στα μεγαλύτερα λεπτόσωμα παιδιά της ομάδας Β, ενώ στα μεγαλύτερα παχύσαρκα παιδιά ήταν αυξημένο σε σύγκριση με τα αντίστοιχα λεπτόσωμά τους. Το ένζυμο βιοσύνθεσης DAGL-α (για το 2-AG) βρέθηκε αυξημένο στα μεγαλύτερα λεπτόσωμα και παχύσαρκα παιδιά της ομάδας Β σε σύγκριση με τα λεπτόσωμα και παχύσαρκα παιδιά της ομάδας Α. Η ινσουλίνη και το HOMA-IR ήταν σημαντικά αυξημένα στα μεγαλύτερα παιδιά, λεπτόσωμα και παχύσαρκα, σε σύγκριση με τα μικρότερα παιδιά. Η HMW αντιπονεκτίνη βρέθηκε μειωμένη στα λεπτόσωμα και παχύσαρκα παιδιά της ομάδας Β σε σύγκριση με τα αντίστοιχα παιδιά της ομάδας Α, ενώ ήταν σημαντικά αυξημένη στα μικρότερα παχύσαρκα παιδιά σε σύγκριση με τα αντίστοιχα λεπτόσωμά τους. Η περίμετρος κοιλίας ήταν σημαντικά αυξημένη στα μεγαλύτερα παχύσαρκα αγόρια σε σύγκριση με τα αντίστοιχα λεπτόσωμά τους. Συμπεράσματα: Η μειωμένη έκφραση του CB1 και η αυξημένη έκφραση του PPAR-γ στα μικρότερα παχύσαρκα προεφηβικά παιδιά της ομάδας Α, σε συνάφεια με τα αυξημένα επίπεδα της HMW αντιπονεκτίνης, πιθανόν να αντικατοπτρίζουν έναν προστατευτικό μηχανισμό ελεγχόμενης λιπογένεσης και διατήρησης της ινσουλινοευαισθησίας στα παιδιά αυτά που ήδη παρουσιάζουν μειωμένα επίπεδα έκφρασης του υποδοχέα της αντιπονεκτίνης, AdipoR1. Επιπλέον, τα μειωμένα επίπεδα της HMW αντιπονεκτίνης και τα αυξημένα επίπεδα της ινσουλίνης στα μεγαλύτερα παιδιά πιθανόν απεικονίζει την προετοιμασία των παιδιών αυτών για την «φυσιολογική» ινσουλινοαντίσταση της εφηβείας. Η αύξηση των ενζύμων FAAH και DAGL-α στα μεγαλύτερα παχύσαρκα παιδιά της ομάδας Β, μπορεί έμμεσα να μας δείχνει ότι τα επίπεδα της ανανδαμίδης στα παιδιά αυτά είναι μειωμένα, ενώ τα επίπεδα του ενδοκανναβινοειδούς 2-AG αυξάνονται, θέτοντας πιθανόν τα παχύσαρκα παιδιά σε μεγαλύτερο κίνδυνο για λιπογένεση. Η μειωμένη έκφραση του CB1 στα μεγαλύτερα παχύσαρκα παιδιά όμως, μπορεί να απεικονίζει είτε την προσπάθεια του οργανισμού να περιορίσει την λιπογένεση στα παιδιά αυτά, που ήδη βρίσκονται σε κίνδυνο λόγω της παχυσαρκίας τους, είτε αντικατοπτρίζει τη μειωμένη ικανότητα του υποδόριου λιπώδους ιστού να αποθηκεύσει λίπος αυξάνοντας τον κίνδυνο εναπόθεσης λίπους ενδοκοιλιακά, το οποίο μπορεί να διαταράξει την ενεργειακή ισορροπία του οργανισμού τους προκαλώντας διαταραγμένη ανοχή στη γλυκόζη. / Introduction: Childhood obesity is the new epidemic of the western world and reflects the excessive storage of body fat. Obesity is a risk factor for the development of metabolic comordities like insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus type 2, cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome. Adipose tissue is an endocrine and paracrine organ, which through the secretion of adipokines and pro-inflammatory molecules it can regulate the body’s energy homeostasis. Adiponectin is one of the most important secreted adipokines of adipose tissue and through its AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 it can activate the insulin-dependent glucose uptake of adipocytes. In addition, adiponectin has anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic action in other peripheral tissues of the body. PPAR-γ belongs to the family of nuclear receptors PPARs (peroxisome proliferative-activated receptors) and it is a transcription factor, which responds to circulating Free Fatty Acids activating the preadipocyte differentiation into small multilocular mature adipocytes. PPAR-γ through its activation from its endogenous ligands, the thiazolidenidions, can regulate the body’s insulin sensitivity and can increase the transcription of adiponectin. The endocannabinoids, through their receptors CB1 and CB2, can regulate food intake via their central nervous system action, they activate lipogenesis in the periphery and reduce the gene expression of adiponectin. The endocannabinoids are found to be upregulated in adult obesity, whereas adiponectin levels are decreased. Aim: To study the expression of AdipoR1, PPAR-γ, CB1 and the endocannabinoid enzymes FAAH and DAGL-α, in prepubertal lean and obese children in relation to their adiponectin and insulin levels in their blood serum. Materials & Methods: Primary cultures of preadipocytes and mature adipocytes were developed from surgical biopsies of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue of 17 obese (BMI>95%) and 36 lean (BMI<85%) prepubertal children. The gene and protein expression of AdipoR1, PPAR-γ and CB1 were investigated by RT-PCR and western immunoblotting. The gene expression of the endocannabinoid enzymes FAAH and DAGL-α were studied by Real-Time PCR. Total and HMW adiponectin together with insulin were measured in blood serum by ELISA, whereas the insulin resistance index HOMA-IR was estimated and waist circumference was measured in every child. Results: The protein expression of AdipoR1 was significantly decreased in the preadipocytes and the mature adipocytes of the younger obese prepubertal children of group A when compared to their respective lean. PPAR-γ was increased in the mature adipocytes of all the children in comparison to their respective preadipocytes, whereas it was significantly increased in the mature adipocytes of the younger obese children compared to their respective lean. The endocannabinoid receptor, CB1, was significantly decreased in the mature adipocytes of the obese children in both age groups, when compared to their respective lean, whereas it increased with age in the older lean children. Furthermore, the degradation enzyme FAAH (for anandamide) decreased significantly with age in the older lean prepubertal children of group B, in comparison to the younger lean and it was significantly increased in the older obese children in comparison to their respective lean. The biosynthetic enzyme DAGL-α (for 2-AG) was found significantly increased in the older lean and obese prepubertal children of group B when compared to the younger children of group A. Insulin and the HOMA-IR were significantly increased in the older children, both lean and obese in comparison to their respective younger children. HMW adiponectin was decreased in the older prepubertal children of group B in comparison to group A, whereas it was significantly increased in the younger obese children of group A when compared to their respective lea. Waist circumference was significantly increased in the older obese boys when compared with their respective lean. Conclusions: The decreased expression of CB1 together with the increased expression of PPAR-γ and the increased levels of HMW adiponectin in the younger obese prepubertal children of group A, possibly reflects their body’s attempt to further limit their pathologic lipogenesis and to maintain normal insulin sensitivity in these obese children, who already have decreased AdipoR1 expression. In addition, the decreased HMW adiponectin levels and the increased insulin in the older children could be indicative of their “physiological” insulin resistance during puberty. The increased expression of the enzymes FAAH and DAGL-α in the older obese prepubertal children of group B, may indirectly demonstrate that anandamide is decreased and 2-AG is increased in these children, possibly pre-empting them for increased lipogenesis. The decreased expression of CB1 in the older obese children may also indicate either the body’s attempt to further limit lipogenesis since they are already at risk due to their obesity or it reflects their decreased ability of storing fat in their subcutaneous adipose tissue, increasing the risk of visceral fat disposition that can disrupt their energy homeostasis and could possibly lead to the development of glucose intolerance.

Submitted by PRISCILLA MARIA PONCE VAREDA null (priponce@hotmail.com) on 2017-12-18T18:10:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE DOUTORADO versao pos graduação.pdf: 5834333 bytes, checksum: 1f45a96cd4820a9ecccd3b40246da448 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Pizzani null (luciana@btu.unesp.br) on 2017-12-19T13:27:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 vareda_pmp_dr_int.pdf: 5834333 bytes, checksum: 1f45a96cd4820a9ecccd3b40246da448 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-19T13:27:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 vareda_pmp_dr_int.pdf: 5834333 bytes, checksum: 1f45a96cd4820a9ecccd3b40246da448 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-16 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O Diabetes mellitus (DM) é uma desordem metabólica caracterizada por hiperglicemia decorrente de defeitos na secreção ou ação da insulina, que acarreta distúrbios no metabolismo de carboidratos, lipídeos e proteínas. A incidência do DM aumenta de maneira alarmante em todo o mundo e os estudos com plantas que possuam efeitos antidiabéticos despertam cada vez mais o interesse por parte de pesquisadores. Em resultados anteriores, observamos que camundongos induzidos por estreptozotocina exibiram melhora no quadro diabético após serem submetidos ao tratamento com extrato bruto das folhas de Myrcia bella. Neste trabalho, decidimos avaliar os mecanismos moleculares envolvidos nos processos de captação e armazenamento de glicose em tecidos periféricos como fígado, músculo esquelético e tecido adiposo neste modelo experimental. No mais, procuramos avaliar a atividade inibitória in vitro e in vivo do extrato de M. bella sobre as enzimas alfa glicosidase e alfa amilase, bem como o conteúdo de insulina no pâncreas. Camundongos diabéticos (STZ SAL e STZ EXT) e controles normoglicêmicos (CTL SAL e CTL EXT) foram tratados durante 21 dias com salina ou extrato bruto de M. bella na dose de 600 mg/kg. Foram coletados porções de fígado para avaliação da expressão de genes e proteínas envolvidos nos processos de glicogênese, glicogenólise e neoglicogênese. Ainda, amostras de músculo gastrocnêmio foram obtidas para avaliação de genes e proteínas envolvidas na via de sinalização de insulina e captação de glicose. Da mesma forma, a expressão das principais proteínas envolvidas na sinalização de insulina em tecido adiposo branco retroperitoneal também foi observada. O pâncreas foi coletado para avaliação do conteúdo de insulina. O tratamento com extrato bruto parece modular os processos de estoque e liberação de glicose no fígado de camundongos diabéticos (STZ EXT) através do aumento na expressão das proteínas glicogênio sintase e diminuição da expressão de PEPCK e glicose -6-fosfatase e dos respectivos genes responsáveis pela tradução das duas últimas. O tratamento com extrato de M. bella também promoveu aumento da expressão da proteína GLUT4 em tecido adiposo retroperitoneal de camundongos diabéticos (STZ EXT). Os ensaios in vitro e in vivo mostraram que o extrato é eficiente tanto na inibição das enzimas alfa glicosidase e alfa amilase assim como na diminuição da glicemia pós prandial, após ingestão de amido e maltose. Através dos resultados obtidos pudemos concluir, pelo menos em parte, que o extrato age na redução da glicemia de camundongos diabéticos através da modulação dos processos que regulam a captação, estoque e liberação de glicose pelo fígado. Ainda, sua ação também pode ser associada em parte pela captação de glicose pelo tecido adiposo, assim como pela inibição das enzimas alfa glicosidase e alfa amilase intestinais. / Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion or action, which results in carbohydrates, proteins and lipids metabolism disturbances. DM incidence increases alarmingly worldwide and studies with plants, which exhibit anti-diabetic effects, arouse researcher’s interests. In previous results we observed that streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice showed an improvement in diabetic condition after the treatment with Myrcia bella leaves crude extract. In this work, we have decided to evaluate the molecular mechanisms involved in glucose uptake and storage process in peripheral tissues such as liver, gastrocnemius muscle and adipose tissue. Furthermore, to evaluate the extract in vivo and in vitro inhibitory activity of alpha glycosidase and alpha amylase enzymes and insulin content in pancreas. Diabetic mice (STZ SAL and STZ EXT) and normoglicemic control mice (CTL SAL and CTL EXT) were treated during 21 days with saline or M. bella crude extract at 600 mg/kg. Liver was collected to gene and protein expression involved in glycogenesis, glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis process. Gastrocnemius muscle to gene and protein expression involved in insulin signaling pathway and glucose uptake and white adipose tissue to the expression of the mainly proteins involved in insulin signaling pathway. Pancreas was collected to evaluate the insulin content. The treatment with M. bella crude extract seems to modulate the process of glucose storage and release in liver of diabetic mice (STZ EXT) thought the increase of glycogen synthase expression and decrease of the of PEPCK and glucose – 6- phosphatase expression as well as the respectively genes involved in the translation of PEPCK and glucose – 6- phosphatase . The treatment with M. bella extract also increased the GLUT4 protein expression in adipose tissue of diabetic mice (STZ EXT). The in vitro and in vivo analysis showed the extract is efficient in alpha glycosidase and amylase enzymes inhibition as well as in decreasing the postprandial glycemia after starch and maltose ingestion. Finally, we conclude that, at least in part, the extract acts in glycemia reduction through modulation of processes that regulates glucose uptake, storage and release from liver. Moreover, the extract action may be associated with the glucose uptake in adipose tissue as well as through the inhibition of alpha glycosidase and alpha amylase enzymes. / 2012/23605-2

Orientador: José Roberto Bosqueiro / Resumo: O Diabetes mellitus (DM) é uma desordem metabólica caracterizada por hiperglicemia decorrente de defeitos na secreção ou ação da insulina, que acarreta distúrbios no metabolismo de carboidratos, lipídeos e proteínas. A incidência do DM aumenta de maneira alarmante em todo o mundo e os estudos com plantas que possuam efeitos antidiabéticos despertam cada vez mais o interesse por parte de pesquisadores. Em resultados anteriores, observamos que camundongos induzidos por estreptozotocina exibiram melhora no quadro diabético após serem submetidos ao tratamento com extrato bruto das folhas de Myrcia bella. Neste trabalho, decidimos avaliar os mecanismos moleculares envolvidos nos processos de captação e armazenamento de glicose em tecidos periféricos como fígado, músculo esquelético e tecido adiposo neste modelo experimental. No mais, procuramos avaliar a atividade inibitória in vitro e in vivo do extrato de M. bella sobre as enzimas alfa glicosidase e alfa amilase, bem como o conteúdo de insulina no pâncreas. Camundongos diabéticos (STZ SAL e STZ EXT) e controles normoglicêmicos (CTL SAL e CTL EXT) foram tratados durante 21 dias com salina ou extrato bruto de M. bella na dose de 600 mg/kg. Foram coletados porções de fígado para avaliação da expressão de genes e proteínas envolvidos nos processos de glicogênese, glicogenólise e neoglicogênese. Ainda, amostras de músculo gastrocnêmio foram obtidas para avaliação de genes e proteínas envolvidas na via de sinalização de insulina e cap... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion or action, which results in carbohydrates, proteins and lipids metabolism disturbances. DM incidence increases alarmingly worldwide and studies with plants, which exhibit anti-diabetic effects, arouse researcher’s interests. In previous results we observed that streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice showed an improvement in diabetic condition after the treatment with Myrcia bella leaves crude extract. In this work, we have decided to evaluate the molecular mechanisms involved in glucose uptake and storage process in peripheral tissues such as liver, gastrocnemius muscle and adipose tissue. Furthermore, to evaluate the extract in vivo and in vitro inhibitory activity of alpha glycosidase and alpha amylase enzymes and insulin content in pancreas. Diabetic mice (STZ SAL and STZ EXT) and normoglicemic control mice (CTL SAL and CTL EXT) were treated during 21 days with saline or M. bella crude extract at 600 mg/kg. Liver was collected to gene and protein expression involved in glycogenesis, glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis process. Gastrocnemius muscle to gene and protein expression involved in insulin signaling pathway and glucose uptake and white adipose tissue to the expression of the mainly proteins involved in insulin signaling pathway. Pancreas was collected to evaluate the insulin content. The treatment with M. bella crude extract seems to modulate the pr... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Orientador: Camila Renata Correa / Resumo: Introdução: O padrão alimentar atual é conhecido como dieta ocidental composta por grandes quantidades de carboidratos simples e gordura. O consumo desse tipo de dieta é frequentemente associado às complicações metabólicas e comorbidades decorrentes da disfunção do tecido adiposo em condição de obesidade. Os adipócitos hipertrofiados liberam maior quantidade de adipocinas como a leptina e resistina e os macrófagos residentes respondem liberando citocinas pró-inflamatórias como Interleucina-6 (IL-6) e Fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-α) e quimiocinas. O estresse oxidativo também é desencadeado na condição de hipertrofia, ampliando a resposta inflamatória. A literatura relata que determinados nutrientes podem levar à inflamação do tecido adiposo independente da obesidade. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto de uma dieta rica em carboidratos simples e gordura sobre parâmetros metabólicos plasmáticos e parâmetros inflamatórios e pró-oxidantes no tecido adiposo independente de obesidade. Materiais e métodos: Esse estudo foi aprovado pela Comissão Ética no Uso de Animais da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu (1233/2017). Para a obtenção dos grupos experimentais foi utilizado um cut-off calculado através do índice de adiposidade dos animais obtendo-se dois grupos: Normocalórico (n=7) e Hipercalórico (n=8). O grupo Normocalórico recebeu ração padrão e água de beber e o grupo Hipercalórico recebeu ração rica em carboidratos simples e gordura com 25% de sacarose adicionados a água de beber pe... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre