本研究旨在探討當前國小學童人際智能、內省智能、創造力與逆境經驗之關係，以問卷調查的方式，針對台灣地區國小學童進行調查研究。正式施測共得642份有效樣本，以北、中、南、東四大行政區域，取樣國小中、高年級學生，研究工具採用人際智能量表、內省智能量表、創造力自我效能量表、創新行為量表及逆境經驗量表。研究運用描述統計分析、t考驗、單因子變異數分析、皮爾遜積差相關分析、多元迴歸分析考驗研究假設。主要研究結果如下： 一、現今國小學童之人際、內省智能自我效能感良好，對相關領域上的活動有興趣；認為自己還算具有創新行為及良好創造力自我效能感；面對逆境時普遍會有負面感受，且能以較積極的方式及態度因應逆境，並多能建構正向的逆境意義。 二、較低年級的國小學童，其對人際智能領域之相關活動較感興趣，人際智能也較高，且認為自己較常表現出創新行為，也較有創造力自我效能感，面對逆境時較不會有負面感受、較能正向因應逆境，但對於逆境意義的建構、內省智能發展並不因年級有所差異。 三、國小學童人際智能越高，越能積極因應逆境，也越能建構較良好之逆境意義。 四、國小學童內省智能越高，越能積極因應逆境，也越能建構較良好之逆境意義。 五、國小學童創新行為越多、創造力自我效能越高，越能積極因應逆境，也越能建構較良好之逆境意義。 六、人際智能、內省智能、創新行為及創造力可顯著預測逆境之負面感受、逆境因應方式及逆境意義建構的正向程度。 七、逆境經驗可顯著預測人際智能、內省智能、創新行為及創造力，且其中的逆境意義建構是最主要的預測變項。 最後，根據研究結果對教育與未來研究兩方面提出建議。 關鍵字：人際智能、內省智能、創造力、逆境經驗 / The main purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among interpersonal intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence, creativity and adversity experience of elementary school students. A total of 642 children in the forth to sixth grade of elementary school students (314 male, 324 female) in Taiwan was sampled in this study. This study involved a survey that comprised of four sets of questionnaires: the Inventory of Interpersonal Intelligence, the Inventory of Intrapersonal Intelligence, the Inventory of Creative Behavior, and the Inventory of Creative Self-efficacy. The quantitative of data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, t-test, ANOVA, and regression analysis. The main findings of this study were as follows. (a)Elementary school students are rated above middle on their self-efficacy of interpersonal intelligence and intrapersonal intelligence, and also interested in relevance activities. In face of adversity, they tend to have negative emotions, but at the same time they know how to actively cope, adjust and reframe. They can also construct meaning from the adversity; (b) Elementary school students who has the higher interpersonal intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence, creative self-efficacy, and behaved more creative, would be more active to face adversity, but also can construct more positive life meaning from the adversity; (c) interpersonal intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence, creative self-efficacy and creative behavior significantly predicted negative emotions, coping methods, and meaning construction of adversity, and vice versa. According to the results of the study, some suggestions were made for educators and further studies. Key words: interpersonal intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence, creativity, adversity experience.