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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Signe/Symptôme/Fonction : les dispositifs esthétiques de l'avant-garde / Sign/Symptom/Function : the aesthetic devices of avant-garde

Durand, Emmanuel 10 October 2017 (has links)
Pour un artiste, prendre la voie de ce qu’on nomme communément « représentation », de la figuration et de la narration, conduit finalement à méconnaître et même manquer l’enjeu véritable de la démarche à laquelle il aspire. C’est choisir la reproduction du monde au détriment de l’invention. L’œuvre esthétique ne précède pas sa concrétisation : son sens tend vers l’indétermination par absence d’une signification prévisible qui est comme retardée, déjouée par l’opacité formelle de l’œuvre.Cet engagement s’exprime de multiples façons dans le projet d’avant-garde. C’est pourquoi le parti pris esthétique et le désir d’avant-garde doivent être clairement définis. S’ils se traduisent par une suspension du contenu (sémantique, idéologique, critique), c’est qu’ils proposent, par le détour de la forme, d’interroger les principes mêmes qui organisent les modes de représentation du monde. L’œuvre d’art devient la scène d’un dispositif à la fois sémantique, biographique et socio-fonctionnel. Ce dispositif est qualifié d’esthétique, plutôt que seulement artistique, parce que ses ramifications et ses enjeux s’étendent bien au delà de ce qu’on appelle « art », jusque dans ce qu’on appelle « philosophie ». Cette étude se situe dans les dispositifs paradigmatiques post-XIXe siècle. Elle prend la forme d’une anthologie sélective de dispositifs esthétiques. Elle en expose les problématiques principales. Comment appréhender une œuvre dont le sens se soustrait activement aux systèmes sémantiques établis ? Pourquoi et par quels procédés la composante formelle peut-elle endosser la légitimité d’une création pertinente ? De quoi ces nouvelles pratiques sont-elles les symptômes du point de vue de notre conception actuelle du monde ? Autrement dit, quelle est la fonction de l’art aujourd’hui ? / As an artist, to choose what is commonly called “representation”, figuration and narration eventually leads to a misconception of the real stake to which he aspires. This means choosing to reproduce rather than creating. The aesthetic work of art does not precede its construction because its meaning tends toward indetermination caused by the lack of a predictable signification which is suspended, obstructed by the formal characteristic of the work of art. This posture is visible in the avant-garde project. It also explains why the aesthetic committed position and the avant-garde desire must be clearly defined. If they don’t suspend the content it is linked to the fact that they suggest the formal characteristics of the work of art, to question the principles which organize our representations. Hence, the work of art becomes at the same time a semantic, biographical and socio-fonctionnal device. It is qualified as aesthetic rather than just artistic because its ramifications and its stake go way beyond what we usually call “art” and reaches what we call “philosophy”. This survey stands in the context of the post-19th century paradigms. It intends to be a selective anthology of aesthetic devices. It exposes their main problematic : how to apprehend a piece of art which meaning escapes an established semantic system? Why and by which processes, the formal characteristics of a work of art can be endowed with the legitimacy of a relevant creation? What can these new practices teach us about our current conceptions of the world? In other words, what function does art serve today?
2

影響醫院儀器採購決策因素探討 / A Study on the Factors of Procurement Decisions

簡嘉儀, Chien, Chia I Unknown Date (has links)
本研究選取國內七間不同層級的公私立醫院,藉由與院方相關決策人員的深度訪談,以個案研究方法,探討各級醫院對於美容雷射儀器與高階影像醫療儀器之採購決策行為,研究中設定「首次採購新型儀器」與「後續購買改良型儀器」的兩種決策情境,以採購意願、採用規格與採用速度等三大決策面向,分析歸納各級醫院對於高階決策的決策行為與考量因素之異同。 本研究結果發現,醫院權屬與層級及採購儀器本身屬性均會影響決策的採購意願、採用速度及採用規格。醫學中心基於學術研究之需,首次購買新型儀器時,偏好採購儀器創新程度高的機種,且其採用速度較地區醫院快。反觀地區醫院較不會追逐儀器的新穎度,對於「儀器是否符合需求及性價比」的重視程度較「儀器先進與否」來得高,不過當地區醫院鎖定特定醫療項目作為策略目標時,會集中資源採購最先進的儀器,並弱化非核心醫療項目之設備的採購意願。 就各層級醫院採購決策的考量因素而言,儀器預期的財務性效益大多是首要考量,私立醫院較公立醫院更注重之,地區醫院則較醫學中心在意儀器的性價比。此外,貴重儀器之醫療必要性的高低亦造成不同層級醫院的決策差異,儀器本身的技術含量與技術創新速度也可能影響醫院採購的意願。 / There are two purposes of this research. The first purpose is to explore how the ownership of hospitals and the features of devices impact on medical procurement decisions. The second purpose is to investigate the factors affecting innovation adoption of medical devices. Based on the case studies of procurement decision experiences made by seven selected hospitals and medical centers in Taiwan, the study focuses on analyzing the willingness of adoption, adoption time, and the favorable standards in procurement decision of aesthetic devices and medical imaging devices. The findings and conclusions drawn from the study show that the academic level and strategy objective of a hospital are associated with the willingness and adoption time of innovation. Academic medical centers are likely to adopt the innovative device earlier for researching purpose, whereas small-to-middle-sized hospitals would be early adopters of innovative products for strategic purpose. In addition, the features of devices also have substantial impacts upon innovative device adoption. Academic medical centers will be early adopters of the medical devices with significant medical necessity. The degree of technology involved and the length of product life cycle of medical devices will affect the medical procurement decision as well. Besides, the priority of distinct factors affecting medical procurement decisions varies from case to case. However, generally speaking, economic benefit will be the most important concern of both private and public hospitals.

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