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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Generation and characterization of a prostate-specific membrane antigen positive eukaryotic cell system for phage selection / Utveckling och utvärdering av PSMA-uttryckande cellinjer ämnade för riktad evolution

Ehrenborg, Linda January 2021 (has links)
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancer types worldwide. However, current diagnostic approaches and treatments are invasive and unspecific. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is an ideal biomarker for prostate cancer and can act as a target for therapeutic or diagnostic agents. Previous attempts to develop an affibody with affinity towards PSMA have been unsuccessful, therefore this thesis aimed at making the affibody selections against PSMA more efficient. In this thesis HEK293 cells expressing a modified version of PSMA containing a 3C protease cleavage site were generated, to enable extraction of the extracellular domain of PSMA during the selections. However, further analyses must be performed to determine if the extracellular domain can be successfully cleaved off. To develop an affibody that can be used both in vitro and in vivo, selections will be carried out against recombinant PSMA as well. The recombinant PSMA was previously produced incorporating an Avi tag for site-specific biotinylation and immobilization for the selections. To biotinylate the recombinant PSMA, the enzyme BirA that catalyzes the biotinylation of the Avi tag, was produced. A protein yield of 8.95 mg/liter culture was obtained and the site-specific biotinylation was highly efficient. To evaluate the proposed affibody selection strategy the next step is to determine if cleavage of the PSMA expressed on the HEK293 cells is possible, optimize the cleavage conditions and to start initial selections using the generated HEK293 cells and the produced BirA enzyme. / Prostatacancer är en av de mest förekommande cancertyperna över hela världen. Nuvarande diagnostiska metoder och terapeutiska behandlingar är dock invasiva och ospecifika. Prostataspecifikt membranantigen (PSMA) är en idealisk biomarkör för prostatacancer och kan agera som en målmolekyl för terapeutiska eller diagnostiska ändamål. Tidigare försök att utveckla en affibody med affinitet mot PSMA har inte lyckats, därför var målet med detta examensarbete att effektivisera selekteringen av affibodies mot PSMA. I detta projekt har HEK293 celler som uttrycker en modifierad version av PSMA, innehållande ett 3C-proteas- klyvningsställe, genererats för att möjliggöra extraktion av den extracellulära domänen av PSMA under selekteringen. Ytterligare analyser måste dock utföras för att avgöra om den extracellulära domänen kan klyvas av. För att utveckla en affibody som kan användas både in vitro och in vivo kommer selekteringen att utföras även mot rekombinant PSMA. Rekombinant PSMA har producerats tidigare med en Avi tag för specifik biotinylering och immobilisering under selekteringen. För att biotinylera det rekombinanta PSMA producerades enzymet BirA, som katalyserar biotinyleringen av en Avi tag. Ett proteinutbyte av 8,95 mg/liter kultur erhölls och den specifika biotinyleringen var effektiv. För att utvärdera den föreslagna strategin för selektering av affibodies är nästa steg att avgöra om klyvning av PSMA uttryckt av HEK293 cellerna är möjlig, optimera klyvningsförhållandena och starta initiala selektioner med de genererade HEK293-cellerna och det producerade BirA-enzymet.
12

Molecular Radionuclide Imaging Using Site-specifically Labelled Recombinant Affibody Molecules : Preparation and Preclinical Evaluation

Ahlgren, Sara January 2010 (has links)
Radionuclide molecular imaging is an emerging multidisciplinary technique that is used in modern medicine to visualise diseases at cellular and molecular levels. This thesis is based on five papers (I-V) and focuses on the development of site-specific radiolabelled recombinant anti-HER2 Affibody molecules and preclinical evaluations in vitro and in vivo of the labelled conjugates. This work is part of a preclinical development of an Affibody molecule-based tracer for molecular imaging of HER2 expressing tumours. Papers I and II report the evaluation of the Affibody molecule ZHER2:2395-C, site-specifically labelled with the radiometals 111In (for SPECT) and 57Co (as a surrogate for 55Co, suitable for PET applications) using a thiol reactive DOTA derivative as a chelator. Both conjugates demonstrated very suitable biodistribution properties, enabling high contrast imaging just a few hours after injection. Papers III and IV report the development and optimization of a technique for site-specific labelling of ZHER2:2395-C with 99mTc using an N3S chelating peptide sequence. 99mTc-ZHER2:2395-C demonstrated high and specific tumour uptake and rapid clearance of non-bound tracer from the blood, resulting in high tumour-to-non-tumour ratios shortly after injection, enabling high contrast imaging. In addition, in the study described in paper IV, freeze-dried kits previously developed for 99mTc-labelling were optimised, resulting in the development of a kit in which all the reagents and protein needed for labelling of ZHER2:2395-C with 99mTc were contained in a single vial. Paper V reports the evaluation of an anti-HER2 Affibody molecule, ABY-025, with a fundamentally re-engineered scaffold. Despite the profound re-engineering, the biodistribution pattern of 111In-ABY-025 was very similar to that of two variants of the parental molecule. It seems reasonable to believe that these results will also be applicable to Affibody molecules towards other targets. Hopefully, this work will also be helpful in the development of other small proteinaceous tracers.
13

Bacterial Display of a Tau-Binding Affibody Construct:Towards Affinity Maturation

Ek, Moira January 2020 (has links)
Aggregation of microtubule-associated protein tau is involved in the pathology of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease. The affibody TP4 has been shown to inhibit this aggregation process, and its target-binding positions were previously grafted onto a dimeric affibody scaffold, creating the sequestrin seqTP4. This project constitutes a part of the affinity maturation process of seqTP4, using two different bacterial display methods. An error-prone PCR library was first expressed on Staphylococcus carnosus cells for selection of variants with improved tau-binding properties, resulting in a library of 1.4×107 transformants. Flow cytometric tests indicated difficulties in the setup due to nonspecific interactions, and whereas several different approaches to alleviate the problems were investigated, two cell sorting attempts were ultimately unsuccessful. Subcloning of seqTP4 and the library to an Escherichia coli surface display vector resulted in functional surface expression of seqTP4 on E. coli JK321 and BL21 cells, and a BL21 library size of 1.6×109 transformants. An initial flow cytometric test of this library indicates the presence of improved tau-binding variants, paving the way for future cell sorting. / Aggregering av mikrotubuli-associerat protein tau är involverad i patologin av flera neurodegenerativa sjukdomar, däribland Alzheimers sjukdom. Affibodymolekylen TP4 har visat sig inhibera denna aggregeringsprocess, och överföring av dess målbindande positioner till ett dimeriskt affibodyprotein har tidigare gett upphov till seqTP4, en så kallad sequestrin. Detta projekt utgör ett led i processen att affinitetsmaturera seqTP4, med hjälp av två olika metoder för presentation av proteiner på ytan av bakterieceller. Ett error-prone PCR-bibliotek uttrycktes först på ytan av Staphylococcus carnosus-celler för selektion av varianter med ökad affinitet för tau, vilket resulterade i ett bibliotek av 1.4×107 transformanter. Flödescytometriska tester tydde på svårigheter i detta upplägg på grund av ospecifika interaktioner, och emedan flera olika angreppssätt för att förmildra dessa problem undersöktes, misslyckades slutligen två cellsorteringsförsök. Omkloning av seqTP4 och biblioteket till en vektor för ytpresentation på Escherichia coli resulterade i funktionellt ytuttryck av seqTP4 på E. coli JK321- och BL21-celler, och ett BL21-bibliotek bestående av 1.6×109 transformanter. Ett första flödescytometriskt test av detta bibliotek tyder på närvaron av varianter med förbättrad förmåga att binda tau, och vägen ligger nu relativt öppen för cellsortering.

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