by Kenneth Kwing-chin Lee. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references. / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT / ABSTRACT / Chapter CHAPTER I : --- INTRODUCTION AND SOME DISPOSITION PRINCIPLES --- p.1-16 / Chapter CHAPTER II: --- DETERMINATION OF EPIRUBICIN IN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS --- p.17-26 / Chapter CHAPTER III : --- DISPOSITION OF EPIRUBICIN IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATIC CARCINOMA --- p.27-44 / Chapter CHAPTER IV : --- DESIGN OF THE EMULSION FOR INJECTION --- p.45-85 / Chapter CHAPTER V : --- STUDIES ON THE ACUTE TOXICITY OF THE FORMULATED EMULSION --- p.86-113 / Chapter CHAPTER VI : --- PHARMACOKINETIC STUDIES OF THE FORMULATED EMULSION IN RABBITS --- p.114-123 / REFERENCES --- p.124-130 / APPENDICES

by Walubo Andrew. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991. / Bibliography: leaves 148-174. / ABSTRACT --- p.i / declaration --- p.iv / acknowledgements --- p.v / Chapter chapter 1 --- general introduction --- p.1 / Chapter chapter 2 --- literature review --- p.5 / Chapter section 1 --- isoniazid --- p.5 / Chapter section 2 --- rifampicin --- p.19 / Chapter section 3 --- pyrazinamide --- p.27 / Chapter section 4 --- an overview of the use of antituberculous drugs in uganda and hong kong --- p.30 / Chapter section 5 --- review of analytical methods --- p.40 / Chapter section 6 --- conclusions from the reviews --- p.44 / Chapter chapter 3 --- some principles of pharmacokinetics --- p.47 / Chapter section 1 --- introduction --- p.47 / Chapter section 2 --- application of pharmacokinetics --- p.55 / Chapter chapter 4. --- aims of the present project --- p.66 / Chapter chapter 5 --- chromatographic methods --- p.68 / Chapter section 1 --- a simultaneous assay for isoniazid and hydrazine metabolite in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in the rabbit --- p.68 / Chapter section 2 --- a simultaneous assay for rifampicin and pyrazinamide in human plasma --- p.89 / Chapter chapter 6 --- the pharmacokinetics of isoniazid and hydrazine metabolite in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of rabbits --- p.91 / Chapter chapter 7 --- the disposition of anti-tuberculous drugs in the plasma of elderly patients --- p.108 / Chapter SECTION 1 --- METHODS --- p.109 / Chapter SECTION 2 --- CLINICAL ASSESSMENT --- p.112 / Chapter SECTION 3 --- GENERAL FINDINGS. --- p.117 / Chapter 1)- --- THE DISPOSITION OF ISONIAZID AND HYDRAZINE METABOLITE IN THE PLASMA OF ELDERLY PATIENTS --- p.117 / Chapter 2) - --- "THE DISPOSITION OF ISONIAZID, PYRAZINAMIDE AND RIFAMPICIN IN THE PLASMA OF ELDERLY PATIENTS" --- p.129 / Chapter SECTION 4 --- CASE REPORT --- p.139 / Chapter CHAPTER 8 --- p.145 / Chapter SECTION 1 --- GENERAL CONCLUSIONS --- p.145 / Chapter SECTION 2 --- FUTURE STUDIES --- p.147 / REFERENCES --- p.148 / APPENDICES: --- p.AO / Chapter APPENDIX A --- (WORK SHEETS) --- p.AO / Chapter APPENDIX B --- (SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATIONS) --- p.BO

by Chan Eliza. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-95). / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.i / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- LITERATURE REVIEW / Chapter SECTION 1 --- Classification of cutaneous mechanoreceptors in the mammalian skin --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1 --- Criteria --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2 --- Slowly adapting type I mechanoreceptors --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors --- p.6 / Chapter SECTION 2 --- Structural features of Merkel cells --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1 --- History --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2 --- General morphology of Merkel cells --- p.8 / Chapter 2.3 --- Electron microscopical description of the Merkel cell-neurite complexes --- p.10 / Chapter SECTION 3 --- Responsive features of Merkel cell as slowly adapting type I mechanoreceptors --- p.12 / Chapter 3.1 --- History --- p.12 / Chapter 3.2 --- Principles of the in-vivo and in-vitro techniques --- p.13 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Location of Merkel cells --- p.13 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Characteristic firing pattern of the slowly adapting type I mechanoreceptor --- p.14 / Chapter SECTION 4 --- Functional implications of the Merkel cell --- p.18 / Chapter 4.1 --- An analogy between Merkel cells and sensory hair cells of the auditory system --- p.18 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Sensory hair cells of the acoustico-lateralis system --- p.18 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Mechano-electrical activity of the Merkel cells --- p.21 / Chapter 4.2 --- Existence of dense-core vesicles --- p.21 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Hypoxia reduced excitability of slowly adapting type I mechanoreceptors --- p.23 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Calcium blockers affect the responsiveness of the slowly adapting type I mechanoreceptors --- p.24 / Chapter 4.3 --- Met-enkephalin as a putative neurotransmitter --- p.25 / Chapter SECTION 5 --- Met-enkephalin as an endogenous opioid peptide --- p.26 / Chapter 5.1 --- Synthesis and metabolic regulation of met-enkephalin --- p.26 / Chapter 5.2 --- The opioid receptors --- p.27 / Chapter 5.3 --- "Selective μ-, δ- and kappa- opioid receptor antagonists" --- p.28 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- METHODS / Chapter SECTION 1 --- In-vitro study --- p.30 / Chapter 1.1 --- Dissection --- p.30 / Chapter 1.2 --- Identification of a receptor and administration of chemicals --- p.34 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Firing patterns of the type I and type II mechanoreceptors --- p.35 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Interspike interval distributions (ISI) --- p.37 / Chapter 1.3 --- Administration of drugs --- p.39 / Chapter SECTION 2 --- Experimental setup --- p.39 / Chapter 2.1 --- Mechanical stimulation --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2 --- Recordings --- p.40 / Chapter 2.3 --- Data processing --- p.41 / Chapter SECTION 3 --- Preparation of drugs --- p.43 / Chapter 3.1 --- Mu- opioid receptor antagonists --- p.43 / Chapter 3.2 --- Delta- opioid receptor antagonist --- p.43 / Chapter 3.3 --- Kappa- opioid receptor antagonists --- p.44 / Chapter SECTION 4 --- Data analysis --- p.44 / Chapter 4.1 --- Comparison of data --- p.44 / Chapter 4.2 --- Statistics --- p.45 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- RESULTS / Chapter SECTION 1 --- Determination of an optimal stimulation force --- p.46 / Chapter SECTION 2 --- Effects of the mu- opioid receptor antagonists --- p.48 / Chapter 2.1 --- Naloxone --- p.48 / Chapter 2.2 --- β-FNA --- p.54 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Slowly adapting type I mechanoreceptor --- p.54 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Control study of vehicle --- p.54 / Chapter SECTION 3 --- Effects of the delta- opioid receptor antagonist ICI174864 --- p.58 / Chapter SECTION 4 --- Effects of the kappa- opioid receptor antagonists --- p.58 / Chapter 4.1 --- nor-BNI --- p.58 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Slowly adapting type I mechanoreceptor --- p.58 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Afferent nerve attached to the type I mechanoreceptor --- p.62 / Chapter 4.2 --- MR2266 --- p.65 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Control study of vehicle --- p.67 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Slowly adapting type I mechanoreceptor --- p.67 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Afferent nerve attached to the type I mechanoreceptor --- p.73 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION / Chapter SECTION 1 --- Study of the slowly adapting type I mechanoreceptors using the in-vitro preparation --- p.80 / Chapter 1.1 --- Characteristic features of the slowly adapting type I mechanoreceptor --- p.81 / Chapter 1.2 --- Optimal force of stimulation --- p.82 / Chapter SECTION 2 --- Effects of the opioid receptor antagonists --- p.82 / Chapter 2.1 --- Lack of effects of the μ- and δ- opioid receptor antagonists --- p.83 / Chapter 2.2 --- The kappa- opioid receptor antagonists --- p.85 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- nor-BNI --- p.85 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- MR2266 --- p.86 / Chapter SECTION 3 --- Existence of opioidergic receptor sites in the Merkel cell-neurite complexes ？ --- p.87 / REFERENCES --- p.90

Yeung Ming. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 136-162). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / THESIS COMMITTEE --- p.i / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.ii / ABSTRACT (ENGLISH) --- p.iii~v / ABSTRACT (CHINESE) --- p.vi~vii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.viii~xiii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.xiv~xv / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.xvi~xviii / LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS --- p.xix~xx / Chapter CHAPTER ONE: --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Different lipoproteins and their functions --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Chylomicrons --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- VLDL --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- LDL --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- HDL --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2 --- Risk factors of coronary heart disease (CHD) --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Background information of CHD --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- "Relationship between serum total cholesterol (TC), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and CHD" --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and CHD --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Triglyceride and CHD --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3 --- Cholesterol homeostasis --- p.10 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Roles of HMG-CoA reductase in cholesterol biosynthesis --- p.13 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Roles of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A) in cholesterol catabolism…… --- p.15 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Effects of Short-Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- Related hormone --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4 --- Possible mechanisms of hypolipidemic agents --- p.19 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Hypolipidemic functional foods --- p.20 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Pharmacological drugs --- p.26 / Chapter 1.5 --- Edible and medicinal mushrooms --- p.28 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- General introduction --- p.28 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- Hypolipidemic agents from Fungi --- p.31 / Chapter 1.6 --- Animal model --- p.35 / Chapter 1.7 --- Objectives --- p.36 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO: --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.37 / Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.37 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Mushroom samples and control --- p.37 / Chapter 2.1.1.1 --- Sample introduction --- p.37 / Chapter 2.1.1.2 --- Sample collection --- p.40 / Chapter 2.1.1.3 --- Sample preparation --- p.41 / Chapter 2.1.1.4 --- Moisture content --- p.45 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Animal diets for different experiments --- p.45 / Chapter 2.1.2.1 --- Basal diet --- p.45 / Chapter 2.1.2.2 --- Diet for preliminary screening --- p.46 / Chapter 2.1.2.3 --- Diet for dosage experiment --- p.46 / Chapter 2.1.2.4 --- Diet for active ingredient experiments --- p.47 / Chapter 2.1.2.5 --- Diet for long-term feeding experiment --- p.47 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Animal model --- p.49 / Chapter 2.2 --- Methods --- p.49 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Nutritional components of mushroom samples --- p.49 / Chapter 2.2.1.1 --- Crude protein content (Kjeldahl method) --- p.49 / Chapter 2.2.1.2 --- Total dietary fiber content --- p.50 / Chapter 2.2.1.3 --- Crude lipid content --- p.52 / Chapter 2.2.1.4 --- Ash content --- p.53 / Chapter 2.2.1.5 --- Moisture content --- p.53 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Animal handling experiments --- p.54 / Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Feeding experiment standards --- p.54 / Chapter 2.2.2.1.1 --- Feeding experiments of preliminary screening test --- p.54 / Chapter 2.2.2.1.2 --- Feeding experiments of dosage test --- p.55 / Chapter 2.2.2.1.3 --- Feeding experiments of solvent extracts from Agrocybe aegerita (Brig) Sing (AA) --- p.56 / Chapter 2.2.2.1.3.1 --- Fractionation of ethanol & water soluble components of AA --- p.56 / Chapter 2.2.2.1.3.2 --- Feeding experiments of ethanol & water soluble components of AA --- p.57 / Chapter 2.2.2.1.4 --- Feeding experiment of long-term test --- p.58 / Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- Blood sample collection --- p.58 / Chapter 2.2.2.3 --- Serum preparation --- p.58 / Chapter 2.2.2.4 --- Liver sample preparation --- p.58 / Chapter 2.2.2.5 --- Fecal sample preparation --- p.59 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Determination of serum lipid profiles --- p.59 / Chapter 2.2.3.1 --- Serum total cholesterol (TC) assay --- p.59 / Chapter 2.2.3.2 --- Serum triglyceride (TG) assay --- p.60 / Chapter 2.2.3.3 --- Serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol assay --- p.61 / Chapter 2.2.3.3.1 --- Separation of HDL fraction --- p.61 / Chapter 2.2.3.3.2 --- HDL cholesterol (HDL-c) determination --- p.61 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Determination of liver lipid profiles --- p.62 / Chapter 2.2.4.1 --- Liver total cholesterol (TC) level determination --- p.62 / Chapter 2.2.4.2 --- Determination of liver total lipid (TL) level --- p.64 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Quantitative determination of fecal neutral & acidic sterols --- p.64 / Chapter 2.2.5.1 --- Separation of fecal neutral & acidic sterols --- p.64 / Chapter 2.2.5.2 --- Derivatisation of fecal neutral sterols --- p.65 / Chapter 2.2.5.3 --- Derivatisation of fecal acidic sterols --- p.65 / Chapter 2.2.5.4 --- Gas chromatographic analysis of fecal neutral & acidic sterols --- p.66 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- Assays of liver key enzymes in cholesterol metabolism --- p.67 / Chapter 2.2.6.1 --- Preparation of hepatic microsome --- p.67 / Chapter 2.2.6.2 --- Assay of HMG-CoA reductase activity --- p.68 / Chapter 2.2.6.3 --- Assay of CYP7A activity --- p.69 / Chapter 2.3 --- Data statistics --- p.71 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE: --- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION --- p.72 / Chapter 3.1 --- Preliminary screening of eleven mushrooms for their hypolipidemic effect in hyperlipidemic S.D. rats --- p.72 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Body weight and food intake --- p.73 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Effect of mushroom supplementation on serum lipid profiles --- p.75 / Chapter 3.1.2.1. --- Effect of mushroom supplementation on serum TC levels --- p.75 / Chapter 3.1.2.2. --- Effect of mushroom supplementation on serum TG levels --- p.77 / Chapter 3.1.2.3. --- Effect of mushroom supplementation on serum HDL levels --- p.79 / Chapter 3.1.2.4 --- Discussion of serum lipid profiles of S.D. rats fed M.S. diets in mushroom screening experiments --- p.83 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Effect and discussion of mushroom supplementation on hepatic lipid profiles --- p.84 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Effect and discussion of mushroom supplementation on fecal neutral sterol excretion --- p.87 / Chapter 3.1.5 --- Summary (mushroom screening experiments) --- p.90 / Chapter 3.2 --- Hypolipidemic effect of Agrocybe aegerita (Brig.) Sing (AA) in a dose response study in hyperlipidemic S.D. rats --- p.91 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Nutritional composition of AA mushroom --- p.91 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Body weight and food intake --- p.91 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Effect of three different dosages of AA mushroom supplementation on blood lipid profiles of S.D. rats --- p.93 / Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- Effect of different dosages of AA mushroom supplementation diets on serum TC level --- p.93 / Chapter 3.2.3.2 --- Effect of different dosages of AA mushroom supplementation diets on serum TG level --- p.93 / Chapter 3.2.3.3 --- Effect of different dosages of AA mushroom supplementation diets on serum HDL level --- p.95 / Chapter 3.2.3.4 --- Discussion of different dosages of AA mushroom supplementation diets on serum lipid profiles --- p.97 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Effect and discussion of three different dosages of AA mushroom supplementation on hepatic lipid profiles --- p.98 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Effect and discussion of three different dosages of AA mushroom supplementation on fecal neutral & acidic sterol excretion --- p.101 / Chapter 3.2.6 --- Summary (dose response study) --- p.105 / Chapter 3.3 --- Hypolipidemic effect of ethanol extract (E.E.) & water extract (W.E.) from AA in hyperlipidemic S.D. rats --- p.106 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Extraction yield --- p.106 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Body weight & food intake --- p.106 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Effect of AA extract supplementation on serum lipid profiles --- p.107 / Chapter 3.3.3.1 --- Effect of AA extract supplementation on serum TC level --- p.107 / Chapter 3.3.3.2 --- Effect of AA extract supplementation on serum TG level --- p.108 / Chapter 3.3.3.3 --- Effect of AA extract supplementation on serum HDL level --- p.109 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Effect of AA extract supplementation on hepatic lipid profiles --- p.111 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Effect of AA extract supplementation on fecal neutral & acidic sterols excretion --- p.111 / Chapter 3.3.6 --- Discussion (active fraction extract study) --- p.113 / Chapter 3.4 --- Long-term evaluation of the hypolipidemic effect of AA supplementation in normolipic S.D. rats --- p.116 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Body weight & food intake --- p.116 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Effect of long term AA supplementation on serum lipid profiles --- p.117 / Chapter 3.4.2.1 --- Effect of long term AA supplementation on serum TC level --- p.117 / Chapter 3.4.2.2 --- Effect of long term AA supplementation on serum TG level --- p.118 / Chapter 3.4.2.3 --- Effect of long term AA supplementation on serum HDL level --- p.119 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Effect of long term AA supplementation on hepatic lipid profiles --- p.119 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Effect of long term AA supplementation on fecal neutral & acidic sterols excretion --- p.121 / Chapter 3.4.5 --- Effect of long term AA supplementation on hepatic key enzymes of cholesterol metabolism ´ؤ HMG-CoA reductase and CYP7A --- p.123 / Chapter 3.4.5.1 --- Quantitation of hepatic microsomal protein --- p.123 / Chapter 3.4.5.2 --- Effect of long term AA supplementation on HMG-CoA reductase activity in S.D. rats --- p.124 / Chapter 3.4.5.3 --- Effect of long term AA supplementation on CYP7A activity in S.D. rats --- p.124 / Chapter 3.4.7 --- Discussion (long-term study) --- p.126 / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR: --- CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES --- p.130 / References --- p.136

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (M Med Pharmacy)--University of Limpopo, 2011 / Most pharmaceutical agents can result in side effects and toxicities that in some instances may be life threatening, especially if there is delay in their recognition. For various reasons it is therefore imperative to study adverse events associated with antiretroviral agents (ARVs). The aim of this study was to study the adverse events in adult HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy at a public health treatment site, and to quantify the frequency of adverse events in different population subgroups. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a sample of 99 patients (i.e. 70% females and 30% males) from a public health clinic providing antiretroviral drugs to more than 1500 patients. The reported adverse events were neurological disorders (33%), rash (17%), gastrointestinal toxicity (16%), lactic acidosis (14%), hepatitis (7%), lipodystrophy (7%), pancreatitis (5%), IRIS (3%), anaemia (1%), and gynaecomastia (1%). Based on the analysis of the presented data in this report, age, weight, gender, and pCD4 count are not the predictors for the development of lactic acidosis, pancreatitis, and peripheral neuropathy. The duration of treatment was found to be the predictor for the development of lactic acidosis, pancreatitis, and peripheral neuropathy in this study sample. More frequent and closer monitoring of the reported adverse events will be necessary for patients treated longer on ART. Information bias is possible as case data for all reported adverse effects were collected retrospectively from hand-written patient records which were not consistent and standardised.

No description available.

A series of tri-substituted iron and cobalt complexes of the form [M(A)3]n+ were synthesized, and were characterised by UV/Visible absorption and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The complexes [Co(phen)2(en)]3+ and [Co(bipy)2(en)]3+ have been reported in the literature but 1H-NMR spectroscopy showed that the material produced in both syntheses is [Co(en)3]3+. Spectroscopy further showed that these species cannot be prepared by the literature methods. The complexes were tested in the oxidation of adamantane in the solvents, acetic acid and trifluoroacetic acid and they all oxidised adamantane to a mixture of 1-adamantanol, 1-adamantanol and 2-adamantanone both in the presence and the absence of the oxidant, O2. In all the reactions, however, the yield of conversion was very low. The mechanism for this oxidation was different depending on the presence or absence of O2. In the presence of O2 a catalytic cycle was produced for the oxidation of adamantine. In the oxidation in the presence and absence of O2 there was little variation in activity between the tri-substituted iron and cobalt complexes of 1,10-phenanthroline when compared with the analgous 2,2’-bipyridine complexes. However, the substitution of an ethylenediamine ligand into the co-ordination sphere of cobalt produced significant increase in the activity, although the change was not constant. / Master of Science (Hons)

Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 176-179)