(in English) Municipal books are valuable historical sources of every town. They provide us an important information about history of the towns and thus they create a real picture of our ancestors' lives. This thesis focuses on the critical edition of the first main accountancy book of town of Cheb that captures the period from 1396 to 1419. The main accountancy book gives an overview of the yearly statement of municipal incomes and expenses and thus provides information about the economical situation of the town. In the thesis there are described the external features of the book, its content as well as the paleographic analysis. Some other Cheb municipal books from the same period are used for comparison. The edition has the editorial note and the critical apparatus. The appendix of pictures is also a part of the thesis. The first main accountancy book supplements many other still existing financial book of town Cheb.

The Taiwanese early intervention/early childhood special education (EI/ECSE) system is modeled after the federal legislation and practices of the U.S., incorporating specific cultural beliefs in Taiwan. Nonetheless, in EI/ECSE assessments, several challenges are presented, including: (a) limited resources and funding, (b) lack of reliable and valid instruments, (c) lack of progress monitoring for at-risk children, (d) no (or limited) active role for caregivers as informants in the assessment administration process, and (e) lack of communication between parents and professionals. The Ages and Stages Questionnaires: Inventory (ASQ: Inventory) is a dual-purpose tool that can be completed by early childhood practitioners and parents for developmental screening and progress monitoring. This instrument is considered a potential solution for the challenges in Taiwanese EI/ECSE assessments. Thus, the ASQ: Inventory was translated into Traditional Chinese following rigorous procedures. Its technical adequacy, cultural appropriateness, and utility were investigated in this study. Results indicated that the Traditional Chinese ASQ: Inventory was an instrument with solid internal consistency and construct validity and that it was well accepted by parent and professional participants. The instrument was also able to document progress in children's skills measured in chronological age intervals. Additionally, items in each domain were dispersed across a wide range of difficulty levels. When comparing between the two language versions using item response theory modeling, most items demonstrated invariant response patterns between the English and Traditional Chinese ASQ: Inventory. At the sample level, Taiwanese children scored significantly higher than U.S. children in problem-solving and personal-social, whereas U.S. children scored significantly higher in fine motor at the ages of 36, 42, and 48 months. The findings of this initial investigation suggested that the Traditional Chinese ASQ: Inventory should continue to be studied with the Taiwanese population. This instrument may help accelerate the referral and identification process in EI/ECSE and promote the concept of caregiver-completed assessments. By completing the questionnaire, caregivers may have increased awareness of child development and will be able to closely oversee a child's progress and focus on strengths in his/her learning profile. Future studies should focus on studying the technical adequacy of this instrument and exploring the development of a computerized ASQ: Inventory system.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-10-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:47:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 amaral_r_dr_assis.pdf: 3627504 bytes, checksum: 7eccdb76434f138ccbbabe85ff2f0a92 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A Vita Sancti Fructuosi, hagiografia visigótica escrita nos últimos decênios do VII século, devera, em detrimento de seu valor essencialmente biográfico, constituir-se sobretudo em um texto cuja razão e função proeminentes estaria em propagandear e exaltar um estilo de vida religiosa tido por ideal: a vida monástica sob seu gênero anacorético. Este gênero monástico seria identificado ainda com aquele próprio do Oriente, pois frente a uma época em que a Igreja visigoda reprimia as manifestações religiosas surgidas e praticadas a sua margem, extinguindo-as ou submetendo-as, e aqui encontraríamos claramente a vida anacorética, poderia esta, na medida em que seria apresentada como uma experiência “atualizada” da vida ascética e solitária daquele reconhecido e louvável modelo oriental, constituir-se em uma justificação lícita para sua aceitação e propagandeamento na Hispânia visigoda... / The Vita Sancti Fructuosi, although the visighotic hagiography written in the late decades of the VII century, in detriment of its biographic value, it is a text that was written to advertise and to emphasize a religious lifestyle which was considered the ideal: the ascetic monastic life. This kind of monastic life would be identified with that of the orient, because in a time when the visighotic church used to stop any religious demonstration that was different from their doctrines, extinguishing or undergoing them to their beliefs , and here we would find clearly the ascetic life, it would be able to survive as it was presented as an up-to-date of an ascetic and solitary life that was recognized as legal, therefore it would be accepted and used as propaganda in the Visighotic Hispania... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

Nous avons choisi d’étudier un corpus constitué de diverses relations de pèlerinage à Jérusalem entre les XIème-XIIème siècles. L’objectif est de déterminer le statut de ces pèlerins, les moyens de locomotion utilisés, l’itinéraire suivi et les conditions de ces voyages au Proche-Orient. Nos réflexions portent sur l’aspect économique (le coût d’un tel voyage, les tarifs pratiqués), les données géographiques (les lieux parcourus) et historiques (les guerres, les accords et les tensions entre nations), la dimension temporelle (la durée du périple) et les relations humaines. Ceci afin de distinguer la dimension proprement cartographique (quels lieux sont fréquentés, quelles routes peuvent être représentées sur une carte) et la dimension anthropologique, en d’autres termes, le vécu de la route et l’accès au lieu désiré avec ses rencontres et ses difficultés. / We have chosen to study the accounts of pilgrimages to the Holy Land in the Middle Ages (XIth-XIIIth). Our aim is to determine from a specific corpus the status of these pilgrims, the means of transport they used, their route and the travelling conditions to the Middle East. We have compared these documents according to several lines of thought such as the economic aspect (the cost of such a journey, tariffs), geographic data (the places they went to) and historical data (wars, agreements and tensions between nations), the temporal dimension (the length of the journey), and human relationships. This in order to distinguish the cartographic dimension (what sites are visited, what routes can be mapped out) and the anthropological dimension: in other words the pilgrims’ actual experience of the journey and how they managed to reach the place they longed through encounters and difficulties.

Cette étude a comme finalité l’analyse ponctuelle des caractéristiques de la société et des institutions de la ville de Pistoia et de leur évolution dans la période qui va approximativement de la fin du XIIe jusqu’à la moitié du XIIIe siècle. Pistoia, ville considérée comme « mineure » à l’intérieur de la Toscane des « métropoles », possède en effet des caractéristiques propres d’une réalité en rien mineure. A l’intérieur de la première partie, on présentera d’une manière synthétique le tableau général du peuplement, de la disposition territoriale et des structures économiques de la ville et à une plus petite échelle du territoire.Dans la deuxième partie on dessinera la réalité d’une société urbaine de la fin du XIIe siècle dans laquelle les représentants des familles d’origine « seigneurial » occupent, d’une façon manifeste, les charges au sommet des institutions. Vers la fin du XIIe siècle quelques transformations modifient la situation sur le plan social et institutionnel. On assiste en fait à Pistoia comme dans d’autres villes, au développement d’un mouvement soit-disant du « Peuple » qui recueille les aspirations d’une grande partie des familles de la ville qui étaient, jusqu’à alors, exclues du pouvoir.Dans un contexte pareil vient se greffer, aussi à Pistoia, le conflit qui oppose les partisans et les adversaires de Frédéric II, rassemblés respectivement sous les drapeaux gibelin ou guelfe. C’est à partir des années 60 qu'un autre conflit va provoquer des blessures irrémédiables au tissu social, et non seulement, de la ville. / The research deals with a careful examination of social, institutional and political characteristics of the city of Pistoia approximately between the end of the XIIth and the mid-XIIIth century. Pistoia is usually considered a less important city than the others in the Tuscan region. The analysis underlines that it isn’t so. In order to explaine these facts, the first chapter briefly describes the general situation of the city’s peopling, territorial structure and economical activities.The analysis leads to an imagine of the civic society at the end of the XIIth century in which the seigneurial families’ members hold the majority of the Comune’s offices. Their relationship with the city is crucial for the institutional developement. By the beginning of the XIIIth century some social and institutional changes alter the situation. Pistoia’s civic society shows a different structure, in which merchant families have more political influence.In this environment the conflict between emperor Frederick the IInd’s supporters and opponents increases, but in a less harsh way than in Florence.

En mi deseo por mostrar una nueva perspectiva tanto en Cárcel de Amor como en La Celestina, encontré un artículo que encierra muchas de mis ideas sobre estas dos obras medievales: “El Ojo de la Mente”, escrito por Michael Rifaterre. Para Rifaterre lo que realmente importa en la intertextualidad de los ibros medievales es el hecho de que se busca un texto homólogo, se hacen asociaciones a textos ya conocidos, se apela a los archivos mentales tanto del lector como del escritor. En otras palabras, la memoria es el estilo que sirve para presentar el contenido. Esto para mí es una perspetiva fascinante que me hizo ver muchas obras desde puntos de vista diferentes. Si la memoria es un determinante de estilo y un elemento influyente en el contenido, la memoria define en gran parte tanto el estilo como el contenido. Empecé por considerar a La Celestina a partir de esta premisa y me pareció más abstracta que nunca. Pensé como Gilman en su libro Arte y Estrutura, que la obra es un continuum de la conciencia, es conciencia hablada. Reduje los personajes a imágenes a movimientos de pantomima como hizo Dorothy Clarke en su libro, Decalogue and Deadly Sins in La Celestina. Concluí como Lida de Malkiel que la obra da suficiente tiep para que se comunique una noción de realidad y de verosimilitud psicológica, no para el desarrollo emocional de los personajes como piensa Malkiel, sino un tiempo suficiente para afianzar un concepto en la memoria. Visto desde un ángulo menos abstracto, el hecho de que a memoria es determinante de estilo y contenido acercó en mi opinión a La Celestina más al género de la novela. Me hizo considerar aspectos como el narrador fidedigno y la narración confiable o no confiable en una obra que según algunos, no tiene narrador. En Cárcel de Amor encontré el primer juicio por jurado de las obras medievales que he leído. En esta obra vi una clara separación, casi simétrica entre lo que es real y lo que es abstracto. Pasamos de lo abstracto a lo concreto para recordar algo. Tenemos una prisión alegórica y una real, un duelo alegórico y uno real, las armas del alma pecadora y las armas que matan al hombre, el rey que es Dios y un rey que está en una corte real, el juicio final que propone la teología cristiana y un juicio por jurado en el que la memoria juega un papel muy importante. La memoria prevalece por sí sola en estas obras. Llega a ser un elemento de narración, y un marcador de identidad. En el aspecto religioso, cumple una función moral. En el aspecto humano da nuevas dimensiones a los personajes. En el aspecto literario es un fuerte marcador de estilo y contenido que abre nuevas puertas a la interpretación de estas obras.

This study examines and explains the politically, ecclesiastically and socially motivated perceptions of Joan of Arc by the French and the British focusing on late medieval and early Renaissance depictions. Joan was tried by the British in France. Even so, she had a text-book British heresy trial according to the precedent set during John Badby's trial in 1401. Equally importantly, close examination of fifteenth century French texts shows French ambivalence towards, diminution of and, in some cases, complete rejection of Joan and her role in French history. Indeed, the British perceptions about the Maid are the only perspectives on Joan that remained constant through the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Our modern perceptions of Joan of Arc seem fairly stable. Yet what became evident during the research for this project is that this stability is a recent development we have simply inherited Napoleon's view of the Maid of Orléans. Throughout the Middle Ages and Renaissance, the British characterized Joan of Arc as a witch and a great threat to their political well-being. British ideas about Joan of Arc, however negative and contrary they may seem to our modern ideas about her, are the only ideas that remained constant during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.

The Erklaerung des Vaterunsers is a 337 page meditation and commentary on the Lord's Prayer composed by the fifteenth century German mystic, Magdalena Beutler of Freiburg. This study comprises biographical and critical essays concerning Magdalena and her works, together with a critical edition of the Erklaerung with textual apparatus. Its purpose is to reintroduce Magdalena and her hitherto inaccessible devotional works into late medieval religious and literary scholarship. Previous studies of Magdalena have dismissed her as a deluded, self-dramatizing hysteric and failed to mention either the Erklaerung or her most popular work, the Goldene Litanei, a meditation on the Passion that was widely anthologized from her own time through the early seventeenth century. This dissertation attempts to show that, despite the occasional criticism of contemporaries, Magdalena's actions lay well within a tradition of Franciscan mysticism which centered on the imitation of the life of Christ; that the special emphases of her devotion were characteristic of a strain of female piety that had begun to be voiced as early as the twelfth century; and that her peculiarly literal and physical approach to the imitatio Christi was at the same time orthodox and innovative; and that the Erklaerung represents Magdalena's efforts to share her practices and concerns with her community.

Review of Merchant Writers: Florentine Memoirs from the Middle Ages and Renaissance by Vittore Branca