Thesis (M.S.)--Texas Tech University, 1986. / Title from caption (viewed on Aug. 28, 2009). Title from document title page. Includes bibliographical references. Available in PDF format via the World Wide Web.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-05Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:00:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 mendonca_fz_dr_jabo.pdf: 252500 bytes, checksum: 408129aa472ebef8a56e9b0e9cee1ef9 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Tilápia-do-nilo, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758), é uma das espécies de peixes que utilizam o substrato para construir ninho. Porém, muitas vezes são mantidas em tanques ou aquários sem substrato. Em estudo anterior, foi verificado que a presença de substrato reduz o desenvolvimento das gônadas, aumenta a agressividade, mas não afeta o crescimento. Assim, foi avaliada a escolha do peixe por diferentes substratos (areia, areia + concha, pedra e vazio – sem substrato removível) para medir o bem-estar e o efeito de tais substratos no comportamento reprodutivo e agressivo da tilápia-do-nilo. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: testar a escolha de substrato para a construção de ninho na tilápia-do-nilo (Estudo I); testar o efeito do substrato sobre o desempenho reprodutivo (freqüência e latência para construção de ninho, freqüência e latência para a desova e índice gonadossomático) e indicadores bioenergéticos (taxa de crescimento específico e índice hepatossomático) (Estudo II); e testar o efeito do tipo de substrato no desafio social por meio dos níveis de esteróides sexuais (testosterona (T) e 11-cetotestosterona (11KT)), e no cortisol plasmático como um indicador de estresse (Estudo III). A escolha de substrato foi testada em grupos (1 macho e 2 fêmeas) formados por animais adultos. Os machos escolheram o substrato de areia para a construção do ninho. Os indicadores reprodutivos e bioenergéticos também foram avaliados nos mesmos substratos utilizados no Estudo I, mas cada tipo de substrato foi colocado em aquários separados, consistindo 4 tratamentos. Em cada réplica foram utilizados 2 machos e 3 fêmeas, mantidos durante 12 dias ou até 48 horas após a primeira desova. A freqüência de desova foi maior no substrato de areia do que no sem substrato removível. Já a freqüência de construção de ninho, foi menor no substrato... / The Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758), is one of fish species which use build nest on bottom substrate. However this species are usually reared in tanks or aquarium without substrate. We verified the influence of substrate on reducing of gonad development, enhance aggressiveness, but growth is not affected. Thus, we tested the fish choice for different substrates (sand, sand + shell, stone and empty - without substrate) in order to access welfare and the effects of such substrates on reproductive and aggressive behavior of Nile tilapia. Our goals in this study were: test the substrate choice to nest building (Study I); test the substrate effect on the reproductive fitness (frequency and latency to nest building, frequency and latency to spawning and gonadossomatic index) and on the bioenergetic indicators (specific growth rate and hepatossomatic index) (Study II); and test the influence of substrate type on the social challenge by analyzing sexual steroid levels (testosterone (T) and 11 – ketotestosterone (11KT)), and serum cortisol as a stress indicator (Study III). The substrate choice was tested in groups made by 1 male and 2 females adult fish. Sand substrate was significantly chosen by males to built nest. The reproductive and bioenergetics indicators were also evaluated for the same substrate used in the Study I, but each substrate type was kept in separated aquaria, performing 4 treatments. Groups of 2 males and 3 females were kept until 12 days or until 48 hours after the first spawning. The frequency of spawning was higher in the sand substrate than in no substrate treatment. The frequency of nesting was lower in the stone substrate than in sand and sand + shell substrates. The others reproductive and energetic indicators were similar between the treatments. The social contest and hormone levels were tested in the four substrates used in the former experiments... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Submitted by NAIRA MARIA REBELATTO BECHARA ANDERE null (nairaandere@hotmail.com) on 2016-01-25T17:55:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO VERSÃO BIBLIOTECA 2.pdf: 565381 bytes, checksum: 5dd2c824058fd7cf7771ace43cb0c34a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-01-27T12:03:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 andere_nmrb_me_prud_par.pdf: 311280 bytes, checksum: 666ddf37e738a3ca488e4b697c9c212f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-27T12:03:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 andere_nmrb_me_prud_par.pdf: 311280 bytes, checksum: 666ddf37e738a3ca488e4b697c9c212f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-07 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O presente estudo clínico controlado randomizado teve como objetivo avaliar a resposta clínica periodontal e os possíveis efeitos adversos da utilização da claritromicina (CLM) associada à terapia mecânica periodontal no tratamento de pacientes com periodontite agressiva generalizada. Para tal, foram selecionados 40 pacientes apresentando periodontite agressiva generalizada que foram distribuídos aleatoriamente, dentro de dois grupos: grupo claritromicina com 20 indivíduos que receberam RAR associado à claritromicina (500 mg – 12/12 horas) durante 3 dias; grupo placebo com 20 indivíduos que receberam RAR associado ao placebo. Foram avaliados profundidade de sondagem (PS), ganho de nível de inserção clínica (NIC) e sangramento à sondagem no baseline, 3 e 6 meses após o procedimento. Quanto aos resultados, ambos os tratamentos obtiveram melhorias clínicas em relação ao baseline, com diferença estatisticamente significativa apenas para redução em PS à favor do grupo claritromicina. Concluímos que o uso da claritromicina associado à terapia mecânia mostra-se superior à terapia padrão ouro para o tratamento de periodontite agressiva generalizada. / The present randomized, clinical trial aimed to assess the periodontal clinical response and the possible adverse effects of the clarithromycin combined to periodontal mechanical therapy in the treatment of patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis. To this, 40 patients were select and randomly assigned into two groups: Group clatithromycin with 20 subjects received SRP associated with clarithromycin (500 mg – 12/12 hours) for 3 days; group placebo with 20 subjects received SRP associated with placebo. Probing depth (PD), gain in clinical attachment level (CAL) and bleeding probing were evaluated at baseline, 3 and 6 months post- operatively. As results, both treatments had clinical benefits better than baseline, just differing statistically to PD reduction for the clarithromycin group. It may be concluded that the use of clarithromycin associated with mechanical treatment is better than the gold standard for the treatment of generalized aggressive periodontitis.

The thrifty phenotype hypothesis proposes reduced nutrition alters the trajectory of development of metabolic regulatory systems to produce a phenotype better fitted to an environment of decreased later-life nutrient availability. Because organisms have physiological mechanisms for coping with poor nutrition, they may have sociobehavioral mechanisms as well. Aggressive behavior, especially in the context of feeding competition, may be advantageous in such environments. There could be an association between aggression and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), which can result from low maternal food intake during pregnancy. The main hypotheses of this study are [1] IUGR offspring demonstrate higher rates of aggressive behavior and [2] IUGR offspring attain higher ranks. Behavioral observations were conducted on 22 juvenile baboons (Papio sp., ages 3-5 yrs) living in groups. Male IUGR (n = 4) and female IUGR (n = 5) were offspring of mothers fed 70% the same feed eaten by control (CTR) mothers in pregnancy and lactation. CTR males (n = 8) and CTR females (n = 5) were offspring of mothers fed ad libitum. Some authorities recommend this moderate level of dietary restriction for health and longevity. Offspring have not experienced dietary restriction since weaning. IUGR, compared to CTR, showed significantly increased rates of aggressive behavior, especially threat displays. Differences were more dramatic in males than in females. IUGR baboons performed the affiliative display behaviors lipsmack and chatter at elevated rates too, perhaps to counteract the effects of increased aggressive displays. IUGR females exhibited increased rates of stereotypical chewing behavior, while IUGR males exhibited decreased rates of play behavior, possibly indicating elevated anxiety levels. There was only limited support for condition-based differences in rank. Elevated rates of aggression in IUGR baboons may reflect an aggressive behavioral phenotype that enhances fitness by improving access to resources. Alternatively, they could be a non-adaptive result of neurodevelopment with a potentially negative impact on fitness. Unraveling the dynamic relationship between experiences and development is essential for understanding how phenotypes are formed. This will improve the ability of mothers to assess benefits of different nutritional strategies, leading to healthier individuals not just during growth and development, but throughout life.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Porphyromonas gingivalis e Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans sÃo periodontopatÃgenos associados à periodontite agressiva. A fÃmbria, uma estrutura relacionada à adesÃo e à invasÃo de cÃlulas, à um dos principais fatores de virulÃncia de P. gingivalis. Baseado na sequÃncia de nucleotÃdeos, seis genÃtipos(fimA) que codificam a fÃmbria principal dessas bactÃrias foram identificados, sendo o fimA II mais comumente relacionado à destruiÃÃo periodontal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, por meio de reaÃÃo em cadeia da polimerase em amostras de placa subgengival dos sÃtios com maior profundidade de sondagem de pacientes com periodontite agressiva, a prevalÃncia de P. gingivalis, do genÃtipo fimA II de P. gingivalis e de A. actinomycetemcomitans, assim como relacionar a presenÃa desses patÃgenos ou genÃtipo à idade e aos parÃmetros clÃnicos periodontais (Ãndice de placa, Ãndice de sangramento gengival, profundidade de sondagem e nÃvel de inserÃÃo) encontrados nesses pacientes. Foram selecionados 45 pacientes com periodontite agressiva generalizada, com idade entre 15 e 40 anos. Nessa populaÃÃo, 64,4% apresentaram P. gingivalis e 28,8% apresentaram A. actinomycetemcomitans em sua microbiota subgengival. Dos pacientes positivos para P. gingivalis, 82,6% apresentaram o genÃtipo fimA II. Ao se relacionar a presenÃa ou ausÃncia das bactÃrias ou genÃtipo aos dados clÃnicos e idade, foi observada diferenÃa estatisticamente significante entre o nÃvel clÃnico de inserÃÃo do sÃtio coletado de pacientes com presenÃa de P. gingivalis e seu genÃtipo fimA II quando comparados aos pacientes negativos para essa bactÃria e genÃtipo, sendo a perda de inserÃÃo significativamente maior em pacientes que apresentaram P. gingivalis e em paciente com seu genÃtipo fimA II. AlÃm disso, foi encontrada mÃdia de idade significativamente mais elevada em pacientes positivos para P. gingivalis que em pacientes negativos para essa bactÃria. Concluiu-se, assim, que P. gingivalis e seu genÃtipo fimA tipo II estÃo presentes em alta prevalÃncia em pacientes com periodontite agressiva, que A. actinomycetemcomitans està presente em menor proporÃÃo de indivÃduos na populaÃÃo estudada e que P. gingivalis parece ser mais comumente encontrada em bolsas mais profundas e em indivÃduos mais velhos. / Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans are periodontal pathogens associated with aggressive periodontitis. The fimbriae, a structure related to adhesion and invasion of cells, is one of the major virulence factors of P. gingivalis. Based on the nucleotide sequence, six genotypes(fimA) encoding the major fimbriae of these bacteria were identified, and the fimA II is the most commonly associated with periodontal destruction. The objective of this study was to evaluate, by polymerase chain reaction in subgingival plaque samples from sites with highest probing depth in patients with aggressive periodontitis, the prevalence of P. gingivalis, P. gingivalis genotype fimA II and A. actinomycetemcomitans, and relate the presence of these pathogens or genotype to age and clinical periodontal parameters (plaque index, gingival bleeding index, probing depth and clinical attachment level) in these patients. We selected 45 patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis, aged from 15 to 40 years. 64.4% of these patients harbored P. gingivalis and 28.8% harbored A. actinomycetemcomitans in their subgingival microbiota. In patients positive for P. gingivalis, 82.6 % presented the genotype fimA II. In relation to the presence or absence of bacteria or gene to clinical data and age, a statistically significant difference between clinical attachment level was observed in the selected sites of patients with the presence of P. gingivalis and its genotype fimA II when compared to patients negative for these bacteria and genotype, with periodontal loss significantly higher in patients harboring P. gingivalis and in patients harboring genotype fimA II. In addition, the average age in patients positives for P. gingivalis was significantly higher than in negative ones. It is therefore concluded that P. gingivalis and its genotype fimA II are present in high prevalence in patients with aggressive periodontitis, A. actinomycetemcomitans is present in a smaller proportion of individuals in the studied population and P. gingivalis seems to be more commonly found in deeper sites and older individuals.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os parâmetros clínicos periodontais: profundidade clínica de sondagem, nível clínico de inserção e sangramento a sondagem e os níveis de IL-17, M-CSF, GM-CSF, MCP-1, ICAM-1 IL-8, IL-10, IL-1?, TNF-?, IL-4 no fluido gengival de pacientes portadores de periodontite agressiva, comparando esses valores aos dados obtidos de sujeitos periodontalmente saudáveis, além de comparar os dados clínicos e imunológicos iniciais aos obtidos após um ano de tratamento nos pacientes com periodontite agressiva. Foram selecionados 37 pacientes portadores de periodontite agressiva e oito pacientes periodontalmente saudáveis, utilizados como grupo controle. Após a realização do exame clínico periodontal em todos os dentes, foi escolhido um sítio profundo de cada paciente com paeriodontite e um sítio raso dos pacientes saudáveis para coleta do fluido gengival. Todos os pacientes receberam tratamento periodontal que consistiu de orientação de higiene bucal, raspagens, remoção de fatores de retenção do biofilme bacteriano, polimento e uso de antibióticos. As amostras obtidas foram processadas e analisadas com um painel de 10 citocinas através de um ensaio multiplex. As análises estatísticas mostraram que não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os doentes e os saudáveis em relação a GM-CSF, IL-4, IL-8 e MCP-1. Quando foi feita a comparação longitudinal dos pacientes com periodontite agressiva, houve aumento após o tratamento para GM-CSF, ICAM-1, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, MCP-1 e TNF-?. Com isso, pode-se concluir que mesmo após o tratamento periodontal com consultas trimestrais de manutenção e melhora dos parâmetros clínicos nos pacientes com PA que tinham um baseline mais inflamado, foi observado que alguns biomarcadores continuaram elevados, o que pode significar que esses pacientes continuam a apresentar atividade de doença ou que alguns desses biomarcadores não têm significância clínica para esses pacientes. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the periodontal clinical parameters: clinical probing depth, clinical attachment level and bleeding on probing and the IL-17, M-CSF, GM-CSF, MCP-1, ICAM-1, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1?, TNF-? and IL-4 levels in gingival crevicular fluid of aggressive periodontitis subjects, comparing these values with some data obtained from periodontal healthy patients, and also comparing clinic and immunologic initial data with the obtained after one year of treatment of aggressive periodontitis. The sample had 37 patients with aggressive periodontitis and 8 subjects clinically healthy, as control group. After the full periodontal examination, each patient with periodontitis had a deep site chosen, and a shallow site of the healthy ones, for collecting gingival fluid. All patients received periodontal treatment with oral hygiene, scaling, removal of retention factors, polishing and antibiotics. The obtained samples were processed and analyzed with a panel of 10 cytokines through a multiplex test. The statistical analyzes showed that there was no significant statistical difference between subjects with PA and healthy subjects with regard to GM-CSF, IL-4, IL-8 and MCP-1 levels.When longitudinal comparison of the subjects was made, it was noted some increase for GM-CSF, ICAM-1, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, MCP-1 and TNF-?. Then, it can be concluded that, even after the periodontal treatment with trimestral maintenance and improvement on the clinical parameters, some biomarkers are still elevated, what can mean one of those possibilities: or the patients are still presenting some activity of the disease, or that some of these biomarkers don\'t have any clinical significance for this patients.

Previous research has found that the content of thoughts and rumination influences driving anger and aggressive driving; however, no research to date has observed how the specific thoughts and process of rumination may directly or indirectly influence aggressive driving behaviors. The present research explores the potential roles of thought content and rumination on aggressive driving to improve our understanding of factors that influence aggressiveness in driving situations. The current study recruited 262 Southeastern University students, who completed a number of questionnaires measuring anger rumination, thought content, driving anger, and aggressive driving behaviors tendencies. Results demonstrated that trait driving anger imposed partial indirect effects on aggressive driving behaviors through specific angry thoughts. In addition, this partial indirect effect was conditional to the degree of coping thoughts. These findings may help advance the understanding of the roles content of thoughts and rumination play in aggressive driving behaviors.

Purpose: In the United States, motor-vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for individuals 18–24 years of age. Multiple factors place young drivers at an increased risk including risky and aggressive driving behaviors. Aggressive driving has been shown to account for more than half of the driving fatalities in the United States. Driving anger is predictive of aggressive driving and adverse driving outcomes. Research outside the context of driving has demonstrated associations between multiple dimensions of forgiveness and anger, aggressive behaviors, and health outcomes. A very small body of research suggests a modest relationship between forgiveness and both driving anger and aggressive driving. The current study expands on previous research to examine the impact of multiple dimensions of forgiveness on adverse driving outcomes. Methods: Undergraduate students (N = 446) completed, self-report measures of forgiveness, driving anger, driving anger expression, aggressive driving behaviors, and aversive driving outcomes. Results: Bivariate correlations indicated a significant negative relationship between each dimension of forgiveness and driving anger, driving anger expression, and aggressive driving. Forgiveness (of others and of uncontrollable situations) was found to have a significant indirect only effect on traffic violations through the mediators of driving anger and aggressive driving. Discussion: Current findings support and expand on previous research examining the association of forgiveness with adverse driving outcomes. Forgiveness of others and forgiveness of uncontrollable situations, but not forgiveness of self, were shown to indirectly impact traffic violations/warnings, but not crashes, within the past five years through reduced driving-related anger, anger expression, and/or aggression. Implications, limitations, and future research are discussed.

The aim of this study is to further establish the validity and reliability of the Dula Dangerous Driving Index (DDDI). The reliability and validity of the instrument was investigated by comparing data from a US university sample, a US community sample, and a sample of Belgian traffic offenders. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis supported the presence of a four-factor structure with items for Drunk Driving forming a separate scale apart from items for Risky Driving, Negative Cognitive/Emotional Driving and Aggressive Driving. A multi-group confirmatory factor analysis with model constraints supported the validity of the DDDI. Inter-correlations revealed that the DDDI subscales are closely interrelated and uni-dimensionality of the measure was found in all three samples. This suggests the DDDI Total score can be used as a composite measure for dangerous driving. However, the validity of the subscales was demonstrated in the Belgian sample, as specific traffic offender groups (convicted for drunk driving, aggressive driving, speeding) scored higher on corresponding scales (Drunk Driving, Aggressive Driving, and Risky Driving, respectively), indicating that it is clinically meaningful to differentiate the subscales.

Past studies found many different types of factors can influence dangerous driving behaviors. Driver inattention, such as driving under the influence or using a cell phone while driving, was found to contribute to risky driving behaviors. Rumination is a cognitive process that may also contribute to risky driving behaviors due to its influence on attention and limited executive processes. The present study explores the potential role of rumination in dangerous driving behavior endorsement. It was hypothesized that trait rumination would be significantly related to dangerous driving behaviors and that this relationship would be conditional to the sex of the participant. Six-hundred and fifty-three Southeastern university students were recruited to participate and asked to complete multiple questionnaires measuring anger rumination, thought content, driving anger, and dangerous driving behaviors. It was demonstrated that self-reported risky driving behaviors significantly predicted dangerous driving behavior endorsement on the Dula Dangerous Driving Index. Trait rumination scores were found to predict self-reported dangerous driving, aggressive driving, and risky driving behaviors as well as trait driving anger scores. However, no conditional effects based on the sex of the participant were found. It appeared males and females were equally likely to report dangerous driving behaviors, driving anger thoughts, and trait anger rumination. Findings from the current study may assist in understanding how cognitive processes influence different driving behaviors and help develop methods to re-direct attention to safe driving behaviors, and conversely away from ruminative thoughts that increase the likelihood of dangerous driving.