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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Towards an unravelling of the taxonomy of Chrysaora (Scyphozoa; Semaeostomeae; Pelagiidae) from around South Africa

Ras, Verena January 2017 (has links)
Magister Scientiae (Biodiversity and Conservation Biology) - MSc (Biodiv and Cons Biol) / Historically, two species of Chrysaora are known from the Benguela Current Ecosystem: C.fulgida (Reynaud 1830) and C. africana (Vanhöffen 1902). However a third morphotype is now seen, which bears a resemblance to both. Thus a complete qualitative and quantitative analysis of the morphometric and meristic data of these three species was conducted, along with an in depth study into the cnidome as a potential tool of identification. These findings are supplemented by a genetic analysis using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and internal transcribed spacer 1 gene markers. Three species were unambiguously identified. The genetics and morphology showed considerable divergence, with some of the features used to separate them including: tentacle number and shape, colouration and shape of the oral arm, shape of the gastrovascular pouches and the number and shape of the marginal lappets. Although the mtDNA indicated clear separation of the three Chrysaora, the nucDNA displayed some ambiguity. The cnidome showed considerable divergence and succeeded in separating these species, while the rhopalia of the three species also showed distinct differences in the lengths of the rhopalal canals and basal stems. Much of the confusion surrounding jellyfish taxonomy has been the result of observations made on predominantly preserved specimens that are in subpar quality, a hinderence which this study endeavored to overcome. / National Research Foundation (NRF)
12

Contribuição ao estudo da biopsia com agulha cortante no auxilio do diagnostico de molestias intra-toracicas

Lane, John Cook, 1928- 18 July 2018 (has links)
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-18T03:17:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lane_JohnCook_D.pdf: 3301237 bytes, checksum: f5353920736915d3ab886bd3baee222c (MD5) Previous issue date: 1972 / Resumo: Não informado. / Abstract: Not informed. / Doutorado / Doutor em Ciências Médicas
13

Spatial and Temporal Variability of the Volume Transport across the Indonesian Straits and Connections with the Indian Ocean Circulation / Variabilidade Espacial e Temporal do Transporte de Volume através dos estreitos da Indonésia e Conexões com a Circulação do Oceano Índico

Castaldi, Bruno 21 September 2018 (has links)
The global Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) plays a significant role in the Earth\'s climate system by redistributing all over the world the excess heat gained by Earth in low latitudes. In its superficial branch, warm waters are exchanged throughout the world\'s ocean basins. The Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) and the Agulhas Leakage (AL) are the main processes responsible, respectively, for importing Pacific Ocean waters into the Indian Ocean, and for exporting Indian Ocean waters into the Atlantic Ocean. Recently, changes in both systems have been reported and can be related to global warming consequences, processes of air-sea interactions and variabilities in the ocean circulation and wind patterns. In the present work, output of a high-resolution, global implementation of HYCOM (Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model) from different runs were used, aiming at a study of the structure and variability of the ITF, and to evaluate the use of a numerical tool for tracking virtual Lagrangian particles to correlate circulation patterns of the ITF and the AL. For the ITF, analysis of the models\' output provided a mean volume transport in the upper 700 m depth of about 13 Sv, what is in the range of values reported by observations and other numerical simulations in the region. The seasonal variability was found to be related to the monsoons wind regimes, and the ITF\'s response to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) was evaluated. During five La Niña events, the mean volume transport was of approximately 16 Sv, and for also five El Niño events, of approximately 12 Sv. Results show an abrupt increase in the heat transport between 2002 and 2012, what could be related to changes in the heat content within the Indian Ocean for the same period. Heat transport anomalies were analyzed in the last years of the time series and present a clear correlation with Nino3.4 index, denoting a strong response of the ITF to the 2014/16 El Niño. Numerical test-experiments simulating Lagrangian particles have been performed, to identify and quantify water masses\' origins compounding the ITF and to correlate variabilities signals of ITF in the Indian Ocean\'s basin circulation and in the Agulhas Leakage. / A Circulação de Revolvimento Meridional do oceano desempenha um papel importante no sistema climático da Terra, através da redistribuição do excesso de calor ganho pelo planeta em baixas latitudes. No seu ramo superficial, massas de águas quentes são carregadas entre as diferentes bacias oceânicas no mundo. O fluxo que ocorre através dos estreitos dos mares da Indonésia (ITF, Indonesian Throughflow), e o Vazamento das Agulhas (VA) são dois importantes processos responsáveis, respectivamente, por importar águas do Pacífico para o Oceano Índico, e por exportar águas do Índico para o Oceano Atlântico. Recentemente, mudanças em ambos sistemas têm sido reportados e podem estar relacionados a consequências do aquecimento global, a processos de interação ar-mar e a variabilidades da circulação oceânica e de padrões de vento. No presente trabalho foram usadas saídas de diferentes rodadas usando uma implementação global em alta resolução do HYCOM (Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model), com o objetivo de estudar a estrutura e variabilidade do ITF e avaliar o uso de uma ferramenta numérica para rastrear virtualmente a trajetória de partículas Lagrangianas e correlacionar padrões de circulação do ITF e do VA. Para o ITF, análises dos resultados dos modelos forneceram um valor de transporte de volume de ≈13 Sv para os primeiros 700 m de profundidade, o qual está em acordo com valores obtidos por observações e outras simulações numéricas. A variabilidade sazonal foi demonstrada estar relacionada aos regimes de vento de monções, e a resposta do ITF para o El Niño-Oscilação Sul (ENOS) foi avaliada. Durante cinco eventos de La Niña o transporte de volume médio foi de ≈16 Sv, e para cinco eventos de El Niño, em ≈12 Sv. Os resultados mostram um aumento abrupto no transporte de calor entre 2002 e 2012, o qual pode estar relacionado a mudanças na quantidade de calor dentro do Oceano Índico para o mesmo período. Anomalias no transporte de calor foram analisadas para os últimos anos da mesma série temporal e também apresentou clara correlação com o índice Nino3.4, configurando uma forte resposta do ITF para o El Niño de 2014/16. Experimentos numéricos simulando partículas Lagrangianas foram implementados, com o objetivo de identificar origens de massas de águas que compõem o ITF e correlacionar sinais de variabilidade do ITF na bacia de circulação do Índico e do Vazamento das Agulhas.
14

Frontal system changes in the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean / Mudanças no Sistema Frontal nas Altas Latitudes do Oceano Atlântico Sudeste

Braga, Martim Mas e 20 December 2017 (has links)
The transition between the South Atlantic and the Southern Ocean is marked by a frontal system that includes both the South Atlantic Current and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). In the eastern part of the basin the latitudinal position of the fronts that compose this system is thought to control the input of warm waters into the Atlantic basin through the Agulhas Leakage. Changes in the Subtropical and Polar regimes associated with the system that marks the boundary between the Subtropical Gyre and the ACC are investigated using the simulation results of the ocean component of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Earth System Model (CESM), POP2. Sea surface height gradients and specific contours are used to identify and track the ocean fronts position. We compare the Subtropical Front position at the eastern edge of the South Atlantic to changes in temperature and salinity, as well as Agulhas Current transports and the overlying wind field, in order to determine what could be driving frontal variability at this region and its consequences to volume transport from the Indian into the Atlantic. Results suggest that the Subtropical Front is not the southern boundary of the subtropical gyre, but it responds to changes in the \"Supergyre\", especially the Indian Ocean Subtropical Gyre expansion. / A transição entre os oceanos Atlântico Sul e Austral é marcada por um sistema frontal que inclui tanto a Corrente do Atlântico Sul quanto a Corrente Circumpolar Antártica (CCA). Na porção oeste da bacia, acredita-se que a posição meridional das frentes que compõem este sistema controla o aporte de águas quentes para o Atlântico pelo Vazamento das Agulhas. Mudanças nos regimes subtropical e polar associadas ao sistema que marca o limite entre o giro subtropical e a CCA são investigadas através dos resultados da componente oceânica do modelo do National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), o Community Earth System Model (CESM). O gradiente meridional, bem como valores específicos de altura da superfície do mar são usados para identificar e acompanhar a posição destas frentes oceânicas. A comparação da posição da Frente Subtropical no limite leste do Atlântico Sul com as mudanças na temperatura e salinidade, assim como no transporte da Corrente das Agulhas e do campo de ventos sobrejacente, é feita para determinar quais as forçantes da variabilidade frontal nesta região e suas consequências no transporte de volume entre o Índico e o Atlântico. Resultados sugerem que a Frente Subtropical não é o limite sul do giro subtropical, mas responde às mudanças no \"Supergiro\", especialmente à expansão do Giro Subtropical do Oceano Índico.
15

Impactos de mudanças nos ventos de oeste do Hemisfério Sul no vazamento das Agulhas / Impacts of changes in the Southern Hemisphere westerlies in the Agulhas leakage

Gonçalves, Rafael Carvalho 02 March 2012 (has links)
Ao sul da África, a Corrente das Agulhas sofre uma abrupta retroflexão, liberando anéis com águas mais quentes e mais salinas do Oceano Índico na região sudeste do Atlântico Sul. A transferência de águas do Índico para o Atlântico por meio de anéis e filamentos na região de retroflexão da Corrente das Agulhas é referida na literatura como o vazamento das Agulhas. Esse vazamento conecta os giros subtropicais do Atlântico Sul e do Índico, sendo parcialmente responsável pela alta salinidade do Oceano Atlântico. A comunicação entre esses dois giros subtropicais na área de retroflexão da Corrente das Agulhas é limitado ao sul pela Frente Subtropical, que é controlada pela posição do rotacional zero do tensão de cisalhamento do vento. Desde o final da década de 1960, os ventos de oeste do Hemisfério Sul tem sofrido uma migração em direção ao polo como reflexo da tendência positiva do índice do modo anular sul (SAM). Para investigar o impacto dessas mudanças na circulação atmosférica no vazamento das Agulhas, foi implementada uma rodada do modelo HYCOM forçada com médias mensais dos produtos de reanálise do NCEP entre 1948 e 2010. Os resultados mostram um aumento no vazamento das Agulhas de 1.1 Sv por década entre 1960 e 2010. O aumento nesse transporte interoceânico está relacionado a uma migração para o sul da Frente Subtropical, forçada pelo deslocamento para o sul dos ventos de oeste. Os resultados também mostram uma tendência positiva nos campos de altura da superfície livre e temperatura na região das Agulhas, sendo esses, consequência da migração para o sul da Frente Subtropical. A tendência positiva desses campos e o deslocamento para o sul da Frente Subtropical seguem a tendência positiva do índice da SAM, com valores mais altos durante o verão austral. Como a tendência do índice da SAM tem sido atribuída à redução na camada de ozônio e ao aumento na concentração dos gases causadores do efeito estufa, os resultados aqui apresentados salientam as consequências das mudanças climáticas antropogênicas na distribuição de sal e calor dos oceanos. / South of Africa, the southwestward flowing Agulhas Current retroflects abruptly, shedding rings with saltier and warmer Indian Ocean waters into the relatively colder and fresher southeast portion of the South Atlantic. This Agulhas leakage connects the South Atlantic and Indian oceans subtropical gyres, and is partly responsible for the Atlantic Ocean high salinity. The connection between Indian Ocean and South Atlantic at the Agulhas retroflection area is limited to the south by the Subtropical Front, and is largely controlled by the location of the zero wind stress curl. Since the late 1960s, the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds have been showing a poleward shift possibly in response to the positive trend of the southern annular mode (SAM). To access the impact of these changes of the atmospheric forcing on the Agulhas leakage, an implementation of the HYCOM, forced with monthly means of NCEP/Reanalysis since 1948 was run. The results show an Agulhas leakage increase of 1.1 Sv per decade between 1960 and 2010. This inter-basin transport increase is correlated to a southward shift of the Subtropical Front, forced by the poleward migration of the westerlies. The results also show a positive trend in sea surface height and temperature at the Agulhas region as a consequence of the poleward shift of the Subtropical Front. The positive trends of these fields and the displacement of the Subtropical Front follow the positive trend of the SAM index, with higher values during austral summer months. As the SAM index trend is been assigned to the ozone depletion and to the increase of the greenhouse gases, these results highlight the consequences of the anthropogenic atmospheric changes on the heat and salt distribution within the oceans.
16

Impactos de mudanças nos ventos de oeste do Hemisfério Sul no vazamento das Agulhas / Impacts of changes in the Southern Hemisphere westerlies in the Agulhas leakage

Rafael Carvalho Gonçalves 02 March 2012 (has links)
Ao sul da África, a Corrente das Agulhas sofre uma abrupta retroflexão, liberando anéis com águas mais quentes e mais salinas do Oceano Índico na região sudeste do Atlântico Sul. A transferência de águas do Índico para o Atlântico por meio de anéis e filamentos na região de retroflexão da Corrente das Agulhas é referida na literatura como o vazamento das Agulhas. Esse vazamento conecta os giros subtropicais do Atlântico Sul e do Índico, sendo parcialmente responsável pela alta salinidade do Oceano Atlântico. A comunicação entre esses dois giros subtropicais na área de retroflexão da Corrente das Agulhas é limitado ao sul pela Frente Subtropical, que é controlada pela posição do rotacional zero do tensão de cisalhamento do vento. Desde o final da década de 1960, os ventos de oeste do Hemisfério Sul tem sofrido uma migração em direção ao polo como reflexo da tendência positiva do índice do modo anular sul (SAM). Para investigar o impacto dessas mudanças na circulação atmosférica no vazamento das Agulhas, foi implementada uma rodada do modelo HYCOM forçada com médias mensais dos produtos de reanálise do NCEP entre 1948 e 2010. Os resultados mostram um aumento no vazamento das Agulhas de 1.1 Sv por década entre 1960 e 2010. O aumento nesse transporte interoceânico está relacionado a uma migração para o sul da Frente Subtropical, forçada pelo deslocamento para o sul dos ventos de oeste. Os resultados também mostram uma tendência positiva nos campos de altura da superfície livre e temperatura na região das Agulhas, sendo esses, consequência da migração para o sul da Frente Subtropical. A tendência positiva desses campos e o deslocamento para o sul da Frente Subtropical seguem a tendência positiva do índice da SAM, com valores mais altos durante o verão austral. Como a tendência do índice da SAM tem sido atribuída à redução na camada de ozônio e ao aumento na concentração dos gases causadores do efeito estufa, os resultados aqui apresentados salientam as consequências das mudanças climáticas antropogênicas na distribuição de sal e calor dos oceanos. / South of Africa, the southwestward flowing Agulhas Current retroflects abruptly, shedding rings with saltier and warmer Indian Ocean waters into the relatively colder and fresher southeast portion of the South Atlantic. This Agulhas leakage connects the South Atlantic and Indian oceans subtropical gyres, and is partly responsible for the Atlantic Ocean high salinity. The connection between Indian Ocean and South Atlantic at the Agulhas retroflection area is limited to the south by the Subtropical Front, and is largely controlled by the location of the zero wind stress curl. Since the late 1960s, the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds have been showing a poleward shift possibly in response to the positive trend of the southern annular mode (SAM). To access the impact of these changes of the atmospheric forcing on the Agulhas leakage, an implementation of the HYCOM, forced with monthly means of NCEP/Reanalysis since 1948 was run. The results show an Agulhas leakage increase of 1.1 Sv per decade between 1960 and 2010. This inter-basin transport increase is correlated to a southward shift of the Subtropical Front, forced by the poleward migration of the westerlies. The results also show a positive trend in sea surface height and temperature at the Agulhas region as a consequence of the poleward shift of the Subtropical Front. The positive trends of these fields and the displacement of the Subtropical Front follow the positive trend of the SAM index, with higher values during austral summer months. As the SAM index trend is been assigned to the ozone depletion and to the increase of the greenhouse gases, these results highlight the consequences of the anthropogenic atmospheric changes on the heat and salt distribution within the oceans.
17

Frontal system changes in the Southeastern Atlantic Ocean / Mudanças no Sistema Frontal nas Altas Latitudes do Oceano Atlântico Sudeste

Martim Mas e Braga 20 December 2017 (has links)
The transition between the South Atlantic and the Southern Ocean is marked by a frontal system that includes both the South Atlantic Current and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). In the eastern part of the basin the latitudinal position of the fronts that compose this system is thought to control the input of warm waters into the Atlantic basin through the Agulhas Leakage. Changes in the Subtropical and Polar regimes associated with the system that marks the boundary between the Subtropical Gyre and the ACC are investigated using the simulation results of the ocean component of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Earth System Model (CESM), POP2. Sea surface height gradients and specific contours are used to identify and track the ocean fronts position. We compare the Subtropical Front position at the eastern edge of the South Atlantic to changes in temperature and salinity, as well as Agulhas Current transports and the overlying wind field, in order to determine what could be driving frontal variability at this region and its consequences to volume transport from the Indian into the Atlantic. Results suggest that the Subtropical Front is not the southern boundary of the subtropical gyre, but it responds to changes in the \"Supergyre\", especially the Indian Ocean Subtropical Gyre expansion. / A transição entre os oceanos Atlântico Sul e Austral é marcada por um sistema frontal que inclui tanto a Corrente do Atlântico Sul quanto a Corrente Circumpolar Antártica (CCA). Na porção oeste da bacia, acredita-se que a posição meridional das frentes que compõem este sistema controla o aporte de águas quentes para o Atlântico pelo Vazamento das Agulhas. Mudanças nos regimes subtropical e polar associadas ao sistema que marca o limite entre o giro subtropical e a CCA são investigadas através dos resultados da componente oceânica do modelo do National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), o Community Earth System Model (CESM). O gradiente meridional, bem como valores específicos de altura da superfície do mar são usados para identificar e acompanhar a posição destas frentes oceânicas. A comparação da posição da Frente Subtropical no limite leste do Atlântico Sul com as mudanças na temperatura e salinidade, assim como no transporte da Corrente das Agulhas e do campo de ventos sobrejacente, é feita para determinar quais as forçantes da variabilidade frontal nesta região e suas consequências no transporte de volume entre o Índico e o Atlântico. Resultados sugerem que a Frente Subtropical não é o limite sul do giro subtropical, mas responde às mudanças no \"Supergiro\", especialmente à expansão do Giro Subtropical do Oceano Índico.
18

Determining the hydrological benefits of clearing invasive alien vegetation on the Agulhas Plain, South Africa

Nowell, Megan Sarah 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScConEcol (Conservation Ecology and Entomology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Invasive alien plants (IAPs) reduce streamflow and threaten the biodiversity of South Africa’s Cape Floristic Region. Up-to-date information on invasive vegetation is required for land management agencies to formulate policies and make appropriate resource management decisions. Invasion maps are typically not updated often enough because of the time and expenses required to do so. As a result, invasion maps for South Africa are limited to coarse resolution data or isolated small scale studies. Invasive alien plants change the landscape by destabilizing catchments and thereby increasing soil erosion, altering fire regimes and hydrology, as well as changing the physical and chemical composition of the soil. Information on IAPs is needed at a landscape scale. Remote sensing is a powerful tool that can be used to characterise landscapes in a biologically meaningful manner. The Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used to create an up-to-date invasion map of the Agulhas Plain, lying at the heart of the species rich Cape Floristic Region. This information was combined with actual evapotranspiration data from the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) study done by Water Watch and the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research. The results showed that invasive vegetation uses more water than natural fynbos vegetation and that the greatest amount of water would be made available by clearing the invaded deep sands on the Agulhas Plain. These deep sand areas conflict with the priority areas of the Working for Water programme. This IAP eradication programme targets sparsely invaded upland areas for long-term sustainability. The recommendation of this study is to clear invaded wetland and riparian areas as these zones yield the greatest hydrological benefit per hectare and meet the priorities of Working for Water. Overall, 36 million cubic meters of water would be made available by clearing the Agulhas Plain. It can be concluded that there is a significant hydrological benefit to clearing invasive alien vegetation on the Agulhas Plain. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Indringerplante (IP) verminder stroomvloei en bedreig die biodiversiteit van Suid-Afrika se Kaapse Floristiese Streek. Die nuutste inligting oor uitheemse plantegroei is nodig vir grondbestuuragentskappe om beleide te formuleer vir die neem van toepaslike hulpbronbestuur besluite. As gevolg van die tyd en uitgawes wat nodig is om indringingskaarte op te dateer, word dit gewoonlik nie dikwels genoeg gedoen nie. Dus is indringingskaarte vir Suid-Afrika beperk tot growwe resolusie data of geïsoleerde kleinskaal studies. Indringerplante verander die landskap deur opvangsgebiede te destabiliseer en sodoende te lei tot gronderosie, verandering van vuurregimes en hidrologie, sowel as die verandering in die fisiese en chemiese samestelling van die grond. Inligting oor IP is nodig op 'n landskapskaal. Afstandswaarneming is 'n kragtige tegniek wat gebruik kan word om landskappe op 'n biologies betekenisvolle manier te karakteriseer. Die Normalised Difference plantegroei-indeks (NDVI) is gebruik om 'n opgedateerde indringingskaart van die Agulhas-vlakte, wat in die hart van die spesiesryke Kaapse Floristiese Streek lê, te skep. Hierdie inligting is gekombineer met die werklike evapotranspirasie data vanaf die Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) studie gedoen deur Water Watch en die Raad vir Wetenskaplike en Nywerheidnavorsing. Die resultate het getoon dat uitheemse plantegroei meer water gebruik as natuurlike fynbosplantegroei en dat die grootste hoeveelheid van hierdie water beskikbaar gestel sal word deur IP op diepsand op die Agulhas-vlakte skoonte maak. Hierdie diepsand areas is in konflik met die prioriteitsgebiede van die Werk vir Water-program. Hierdie IP uitroeiingsprogram fokus op yl ingedringde berggebiede vir langtermyn volhoubaarheid. Die aanbeveling van hierdie studie is om duidelik ingedringde vleilande en oewergebiede skoon te maak, siende dat hierdie sones die hoogste opbrengs en die grootste hidrologiese voordeel per hektaar bied, en voldoen aan die prioriteite van Werk vir Water. In totaal sou 36 miljoen kubieke meter water beskikbaar gestel word deur die skoonmaak van die Agulhas-vlakte. Dus kan dit afgelei word dat die verwydering van hidrologiese indringerplante op die Agulhas-vlakte 'n beduidende voordeel sal inhou.
19

The impact of climate change and climate variability on coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics

Fortune, Faeeza January 2018 (has links)
Magister Artium - MA / This thesis investigates the influence of climate change and climatic variability on wetland ecosystems (coastal and inland wetlands) on the Agulhas coastal plain. Firstly, this research examines coastal wetland ecosystem resilience to sea level rise by modelling sea level rise trajectories for the Droё River wetland. The rate of sediment accretion was modelled relative to IPCC sea level rise estimates for multiple RCP scenarios. For each scenario, inundation by neap and spring tide and the 2-, 4- and 8-year recurrence interval water level was modelled over a period of 200 years. When tidal variation is considered, the rate of sediment accretion exceeds rising sea levels associated with climate change, resulting in no major changes in terms of inundation. When sea level rise scenarios were modelled in conjunction with the recurrence interval water levels, flooding of the coastal wetland was much greater than current levels for the 1 in 4 and 1 in 8 year events. The study suggests that for this wetland, variability of flows may be a key factor contributing to wetland resilience. Secondly, the thesis examines the variability of open wetland water surface areas and their relation to rainfall to determine wetland hydrological inputs for the Nuwejaars wetland system and respective wetlands. A remote sensing approach was adopted, Landsat 5 TM and 8 OLI multispectral imagery were used to detect changes of water surfaces for the period 1989 to 2017. Water surfaces were enhanced and extracted using the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index of Xu (2006). The coefficient of variation of wetland water surface area was determined. The variability ranges from low to high for respective wetlands. A correlation analysis of wetland water surfaces and local and catchment rainfall for the preceding 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 months was undertaken. The preceding month and associated inputs explains the annual variability of surface waters. The study suggests that, the variability of wetland water surface area are related to variations to water inputs and groundwater, as well as variations in water outputs such as evapotranspiration and an outlet channel.
20

Características principais de pacientes com PSA menor ou igual a 4,0 ng/ml, submetidos à biópsia de próstata guiada pelo ultrassom transretal

Biazzi, Fernando [UNESP] 30 July 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-07-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:27:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 biazzi_f_me_botfm.pdf: 253462 bytes, checksum: 8f439a3313345b5ea5641c6b9317256c (MD5) / O surgimento do antígeno prostático específico (PSA) revolucionou o diagnóstico, tratamento e seguimento dos pacientes portadores do câncer de próstata (CaP). O limite da normalidade do PSA esta sendo modificado em virtude de um quarto dos CaP serem diagnosticados com PSA menor ou igual a 4,0 ng/ml melhorando o tratamento em virtude do diagnóstico precoce. Estudo retrospectivo com 300 pacientes que foram submetidos ao exame digital da próstata (EDP), PSA e biópsia prostática dirigida pelo ultrassom transretal, com a retirada mínima de 6 fragmentos, em três níveis de PSA, menor ou igual a 4,0 ng/ml, que foram subdivididos conforme os níveis séricos do PSA: menor ou igual a 4,0 ng/ml, entre 4,01 e 10,0 ng/ml e acima de 10,0 ng/ml que compunham respectivamente os grupos 1, 2 e 3.O número e porcentagem de pacientes submetidos a biópsia prostática nos grupos 1, 2, 3 foram 58 (19,3%), 150 (50%) e 92 (30,7%). A taxa de detecção para CaP foi de 32% (96). A taxa de detecção nos G1, G2 e G3 foi 27,6%, 25,3% e 45,6% respectivamente, evidenciando maior positividade no grupo 3 (p=0,003). A idade média nos grupos foi 61±6,5, 64±8,0, 69±9,0 anos com G1,G2<G3 (p < 0,001). O EDP foi normal em 48,7% dos pacientes e em 48,3% (G1), 58% (G2) e (G3) 33,7%, apresentando diferença estatística entre os grupos (p < 0,001). A proporção de fragmentos positivos foi superior no G1 em relação ao G2 (34,5 a 22,7%) mas inferior ao G3 (53,1%). O volume prostático foi menor no G1 (28 cm3) em relação aos demais grupos. Quanto ao escore de Gleason na biópsia, no espécime e no estádio patológico os grupos 1 e 2 foram semelhantes. As principais indicações de biópsia para o G1 foram: EDP alterado: (n= 33) 57%; PSA em elevação isolado (n=19) 32,8%; PSA em elevação e EDP alterado (n= 5) 8,6%; PSA em elevação e relação PSA livre por PSA total menor que 15% (n= 4)... / Prostatic Specific Antigen (PSA) changes the diagnoses, treatment, prognoses and follow-up of prostate cancer (PC). PSA cut-off has been changed due to many patients with PSA lower than 4,0 ng/ml will present a probability of 25% chance to have PC. In these cases, the treatment is favorable because of the early diagnosis. Characterize the main pathological and clinical aspects of patients with PSA lower than 4,0 ng/ml submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy guided by ultrasound. In an observational retrospective study, 300 patients were submitted to digital rectal exam (DRE), PSA serum dosage and transrectal prostate biopsy guided by ultrasound. At least six cores in three PSA levels were performed: lower than 4,0 ng/ml, 4,01 to 10,0 ng/ml, higher than 10,01ng/ml which were groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The patients number and percentage submitted to prostatic biopsy in groups 1, 2 and 3 were 58 (19,3%), 150 (50%) e 92 (30,7%). Detection PC rate was 32% (96). Detection PC rate in G1, G2 and G3 was 27,6%, 25,3% and 45,6%, respectively. The age average was 61±6,5, 64±8,0, 69±9,0 years-old with G1,G2<G3 (p < 0,001). The positive cores were higher in G1 than in G2. DRE was normal in 48.7% of all the patients and in 48,3% (G1), 58% (G2) e (G3) 33,7% (p< 0,001). G1 prostate volume was smaller than the others. Prostate biopsy, specimen Gleason Score and the pathological stage were similar between G1 and G2. The main indications for prostate biopsy in G1 were: abnormal DRE (33) 57%; velocity PSA (19) 32,8%; velocity PSA and abnormal DRE (5) 8,6%; velocity PSA and relation of free PSA by total PSA (fPSA/tPSA) less than 15% (4) 6,8%; fPSA/tPSA alone (1) 1,7%; Abnormal DRE and fPSA/tPSA less than 15% (1) 1,7%; Atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP) (1) 1,7%.The main indication for malignancy positivity were abnormal DRE ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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