Uppsatsens syfte är att titta på hur det svenska underrättelsereglementet från 2010 förhåller sig till kontemporära COIN teorier i en internationell miljö. Sverige saknar en egen COIN doktrin och nyttjar idag den amerikanska doktrinen FM 3-24 samtidigt som ett arbete sker för att anpassa reglementen mot NATO doktriner för ökad interoperabilitet. Undersölningen jämför därför FM UndR med underrättelsedoktriner samt COIN doktriner från USA och NATO. Uppsatsen utgår från David Kilcullens COIN teorier för underrättelsetjänst vilka operationaliserats i ett analysverktyg som anlagts på empirin. Resultatet av undersökningen visar att det svenska underrättelsereglementet har stora brister kopplat till det perspektiv som förespråkas inom COIN-sfären. Trots detta finns stora likheter till både amerikanska så väl som NATO doktrinerna 2.0 vilka rör underrättelsetjänst. Med detta som bakgrund kan slutsatsen dras att FM UndR utgör en tillräcklig grund för att svensk underrättelse personal ska kunna tillgodogöra sig av både amerikanska och NATO COIN doktrinerna.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) also commonly known as 3D-printing is a manufacturing method which creates parts from adding layer into another. In the field of printed electronics Inkjet printing (IJP) and Aerosol Jet printing (AJP) are the most common AM techniques. IJP and AJP are non-contact-based printing techniques where ink is deposited on a surface with droplets. AJP aerosolizes the ink into a mist which is deposited on a surface according to the predetermined pattern. IJP instead produces singular droplets when printing. These printing methods have been used for manufacturing various printed electronics such as strain gauges which has been the focus of this project.  The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the feasibility of printing strain gauges. Through a literature study the overall function and use for strain gauges and various printing methods were investigated, as well as previous studies related to printed strain gauges using AJP and IJP. To further investigate one of these techniques, strain gauges were printed using Inkjet printing. The sensors were printed using two different inks, one containing silver particles and the other containing constantan particles. The strain gauges were also printed on various substrates such as Polyimide (PI) and Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), to determine the best material combination. The silver strain gauges were then sintered in an oven while the constantan sensors were sintered using photonic sintering. To evaluate each ink-substrate combination several tests was performed throughout the printing and sintering process. A tape test was used to determine adhesion, SEM analysis was performed to study the effect of the sintering process and the resistance was measured to calculate the conductivity and study the printability on different substrates. To characterise the printed strain gauges a bending test was performed where the change in resistance was measured with changing strain. The output was also studied over time to determine the stability of the printed sensors.  The silver ink showed overall better properties compared to the constantan ink, which could be due to that the silver ink has been more developed than the constantan ink. The resistivity of the silver ink was calculated to 7.0E-07 Ωm and the constantan ink to 2.23E-05 Ωm. The average gauge factor for the silver ink printed on PI was calculated to GFavg~1.6 at low strain and GFavg~2.1 at high strain, the silver samples printed on PEEK was GFavg~2.4 at low strain and GFavg~2.3 at higher strain, and the constantan samples was determined to GFavg~2.7 during loading at low strain and GFavg~17 at high strain due to deformation. Some of the samples printed with silver ink showed quite linear behaviour while the samples printed with constantan deformed when applying high stress. The silver samples printed on PEEK showed more hysteresis compared to the silver samples printed on PI, but the PEEK samples showed a better stability over time compared to PI.  The thesis shows that it is possible to manufacture strain gauges, but the result depends a lot on the ink and substrate material chosen. Silver inks has been developed over a long period and thus making it easier to handle and the result is better compared to newer inks such as constantan.

This thesis discusses military operations planning and methodology by reviewing two of NATO’s planning documents, i.e. the ‘Allied Joint Doctrine for Operational-Level Planning’ (AJP 5) and the ‘Comprehensive Operations Planning Directive’ (COPD), and defends the following claim. Parts of the description of NATO’s Operational-Level Planning Process (OLPP), as described in the AJP 5 and the COPD, is methodologically inconsistent (contradictory), due to epistemic and practical implications of methodology. As such, the thesis discusses three topics: approaches to Operational Art, planning heuristics and implications of methodology. The thesis also intertwines military operations planning, methodology and military problem-solving. This thesis consists of two published papers and an introduction. The introduction explains and further discusses operations planning as well as terms and concepts stated within the two papers. Paper I focuses on the AJP 5 and discusses the methodological distinction between two approaches within Operational Art, denoted the ‘Design’ and the ‘Systemic’ approach. The distinction between these approaches is vague and paper I states one epistemic and one practical implication of methodology. Paper II focuses on the COPD and discusses two specific planning heuristics. The first relates to the Systemic approach and the second heuristic relates to the third approach denoted the ‘Causalist’ approach within Operational Art. A methodological contradiction exists between these specific heuristics and paper II states one epistemic and three practical implications of methodology. Briefly, this thesis implies that parts of NATO’s description of the OLPP suffers from a methodological contradiction. Hence, a suggestion is to revise parts of the AJP 5 and the COPD. The thesis also suggest the development of a “NATO handbook of methodology” to better explain methodological implications on military operations planning and the “how to” of military problem-solving. / <p>QC 20170403</p>