Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2017-11-06T13:42:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Pollyana Christine Gomes Roque.pdf: 583107 bytes, checksum: e0225cd4330d9aa9481ff4809d92f859 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-06T13:42:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pollyana Christine Gomes Roque.pdf: 583107 bytes, checksum: e0225cd4330d9aa9481ff4809d92f859 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-15 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788), is a pelagic species of the Scombridae family that is distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical waters of the three oceans. Characterized by the yellow coloration of its fins and finlets, it is usually found close to the surface, in waters with high productivity and warm temperatures, being mainly targeted by pelagic longliners and purse seiners. The yellowfin tuna displays a marked migratory behavior, which hinders the understanding of their movements between spawning, nursery and feeding areas. In order to ensure the conservation of exploited populations, it is fundamental to determine the size distribution and length at age of the individuals caught. The use of trace elements in the analysis of the stock structure can assist in reconstructing the life history, origin and connectivity of various species. In the present study, in order to assess the degree of connectivity between the specimens caught in the eastern and western sides of the West and Central Equatorial Atlantic, the otoliths of 20 specimens with fork lengths (FL) ranging between 37 cm and 57 cm were analyzed. For this purpose, an ablation laser system coupled to a mass spectrometer through plasma induction (LA ICPMS) was used to measure the concentration of various trace elements: 7Li, 24Mg , 55Mn, 88Sr, 137Ba, 44Ca- from an average of five ablation points to the core of each randomly chosen otolith. A Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and a Quadratic Discriminant Function Analysis (QDFA), along with univariate tests, were performed with the SYSTAT 13 software. The catch sites, which included the Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago- SPSPA (10), the Gulf of Guinea (5) and Cape Verde (5), were discriminated with high accuracy, with a rate of 85% being correctly classified. The spatial comparison of trace elements suggests a significant variation between regions (p ≤ 0.05), with canonical scores equal to 0.172 in Brazil and 0.758 for Africa. The Wilk's Lambda test (0.386) was significant indicating that the concentration of the elements differed between the two regions showing that the individuals examined must have originated from chemically and/ or geographically distinct areas. / A albacora laje Thunnus albacares (BONNATERRE, 1788) é uma espécie pelágica da família Scombridae que se distribui em águas tropicais e subtropicais dos três oceanos. Caracterizada pela coloração amarelada de suas nadadeiras e pínulas, é normalmente encontrada na camada superficial, em águas com alta produtividade e elevada temperatura. Um dos principais alvos da frota pesqueira de espinhel pelágico e de rede de cerco, a espécie apresenta um comportamento altamente migratório o que dificulta a compreensão de seus movimentos entre áreas de desova, berçário e alimentação. Um aspecto fundamental para a conservação de populações explotadas pela pesca, contudo, é a determinação da distribuição de tamanhos e a variação dos comprimentos individuais em função da idade. A utilização de elementos traço na análise de estrutura dos estoques explotados pode auxiliar na reconstrução da história de vida, origem e conectividade de diversas espécies. No presente trabalho, foram analisados os otólitos de 20 indivíduos, com comprimento zoológico (CZ) variando entre 37 cm e 57 cm, para se avaliar o grau de conectividade entre os exemplares capturados no Atlântico Equatorial Oeste e Central. Para este fim, um sistema de ablação a laser ligado a um espectrômetro de massa por indução de plasma (LA ICPMS) foi utilizado para se medir à concentração dos elementos traços: 7Li, 24Mg, 55Mn, 88Sr, 137Ba, e 44Ca, a partir de uma média de cinco pontos de ablação para o núcleo de cada otólito escolhido aleatoriamente. Uma Análise Multivariada de Variância (MANOVA) e uma Análise Discriminante da Função Quadrática (QDFA), além de testes de univariância, foram efetuadas para determinar os locais de captura, que incluíram o Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo- ASPSP (10), o Golfo da Guiné (5) e Cabo Verde (5). A acurácia da classificação foi de 85% e a comparação espacial dos elementos traços sugeriu uma variação significante entre as regiões (p ≤ 0,05), com escores canônicos iguais a 0,172 para região do Brasil e de 0,758 para a da África. O teste Wilk’s Lambda (0,386) foi significativo indicando que a concentração dos elementos difere entre as duas regiões evidenciando que os indivíduos analisados devem ter se originado de áreas quimicamente e/ ou geograficamente distintas.

Le thon obèse (Thunnus obesus), le thon alabore (Thunnus albacares) et le listao (Katsuwonus pelamis) comptent parmi les espèces de thons les plus utilisées en conserve. Lors de la fabrication de conserves de thon, la substitution d'espèce et/ou le mélange de différentes espèces de thon sont interdits par la réglementation européenne. L'authentification des espèces de thon reste complexe à cause du degré de similitude élevé entre les espèces de thon, ou encore, lorsque les caractéristiques morphologiques externes sont éliminées au cours du filetage et lors de la mise en conserve. Par conséquent, des substitutions involontaires ou frauduleuses peuvent se produire. Dans cette étude, le marqueur mitochondrial du gène de la sous-unité 2 de la NADH déshydrogénase a été utilisé pour identifier le thon obèse et le gène de la sous-unité II de la cytochrome c oxydase a été utilisé pour identifier le thon albacore et le listao en utilisant la PCR en temps réel basée sur la technologie TaqMan. Deux méthodes différentes basées sur la qPCR ont été développées pour quantifier le pourcentage de chair de chaque espèce présente au sein d'une boîte de thon. La première a été basée sur la quantification absolue avec standard externe réalisée avec les deux marqueurs. La seconde a été basée sur la quantification relative avec standard externe avec le gène endogène de l'ARN 12S. Sur la base de ces résultats, nous pouvons conclure que notre méthode peut s'appliquer pour quantifier les deux espèces de thon albacore et obèse génétiquement très proches lorsqu'elles sont utilisées dans un mélange binaire en conserve. / Bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus), yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelanis) are among the most widely used tuna species for canning purposes. Not only substitution but also mixing of tuna species is prohibited by the European regulation for canned tuna products. However, it can be difficult to authenticate the tuna species, due to their high degree of similarity or even when the external morphological characteristics are removed due to filleting before canning. Consequently, involuntary or fraudulent substitutions may occur during the canning process. In this study, the mitochondrial marker from NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 gene was used to identify bigeye tuna and the mitochondrial marker cytochrome c oxidase subunit II gene was used to identify yellowfin tuna and skipjack tuna, utilizing TaqMan qPCR methodology. Two different qPCR-based methods were developed to quantify the percentage of flesh of each species used for can processing. The first one was based on absolute quantification using standard curves realized with these two markers ; the second one was founded on relative quantification with the universal 12S rRNA gene as the endogenous gene. On the basis of our results, we conclude that our methodology could be applied to authenticate the two closely related tuna species (bigeye tuna and yellowfin tuna) when used in a binary mix in tuna cans.

The population genetic structure of Atlantic yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) has received little attention despite the substantial fishing mortality of juveniles caused by purse seining around fish aggregating devices in the Gulf of Guinea targeting multi-species schools that also include similarly sized skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) and bigeye tuna (T. obesus). We used sequence data from 355 bp of the mitochondrial control region I as well as six microsatellite loci to examine: (1) population structure, and (2) to look for evidence of reproductive variance. We analyzed two samples of adults from the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) and one sample of early juveniles (20-50 mm) from the Gulf of Guinea (GOG). We found no evidence of geographic or temporal differentiation among the samples. Accordingly, the null hypothesis of panmixia for yellowfin tuna in the Atlantic Ocean could not be rejected. A sudden expansion analysis based on mtDNA control region I sequence data of yellowfin tuna was highly significant. Time estimates for expansion were between 40,000 and 80,000 years before present. The associated high levels of homoplasy could be masking any existing population structure. Additional sampling from additional locations and across several years will be needed to test the hypothesis of panmixia. We also provide preliminary evidence of the Allendorf-Phelps effect, which may contribute to reproductive variance. This is the first evidence of this effect in any other tuna or pelagic species. Data indicates that early juveniles sharing the same mtDNA control region I haplotype were caught in the same tow and had a significant probability of halfsibship status as calculated from their haplotype and genotype at one microsatellite locus through kinship analysis. Sampling throughout the spawning season and across several years, as well as analysis with additional microsatellite loci that have a more even distribution of alleles, will be needed to more fully identify the sibling status of larvae and early juveniles caught in the same tow as well as the extent of this reproductive variance.

The population genetic structure of Atlantic yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) has received little attention despite the substantial fishing mortality of juveniles caused by purse seining around fish aggregating devices in the Gulf of Guinea targeting multi-species schools that also include similarly sized skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) and bigeye tuna (T. obesus). We used sequence data from 355 bp of the mitochondrial control region I as well as six microsatellite loci to examine: (1) population structure, and (2) to look for evidence of reproductive variance. We analyzed two samples of adults from the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) and one sample of early juveniles (20-50 mm) from the Gulf of Guinea (GOG). We found no evidence of geographic or temporal differentiation among the samples. Accordingly, the null hypothesis of panmixia for yellowfin tuna in the Atlantic Ocean could not be rejected. A sudden expansion analysis based on mtDNA control region I sequence data of yellowfin tuna was highly significant. Time estimates for expansion were between 40,000 and 80,000 years before present. The associated high levels of homoplasy could be masking any existing population structure. Additional sampling from additional locations and across several years will be needed to test the hypothesis of panmixia. We also provide preliminary evidence of the Allendorf-Phelps effect, which may contribute to reproductive variance. This is the first evidence of this effect in any other tuna or pelagic species. Data indicates that early juveniles sharing the same mtDNA control region I haplotype were caught in the same tow and had a significant probability of halfsibship status as calculated from their haplotype and genotype at one microsatellite locus through kinship analysis. Sampling throughout the spawning season and across several years, as well as analysis with additional microsatellite loci that have a more even distribution of alleles, will be needed to more fully identify the sibling status of larvae and early juveniles caught in the same tow as well as the extent of this reproductive variance.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-02-20T23:46:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MarceloGomesDeLira_DISSERT.pdf: 3968047 bytes, checksum: 2bf3be429b4d8efe2bcb03004e8047ef (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-02T22:34:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MarceloGomesDeLira_DISSERT.pdf: 3968047 bytes, checksum: 2bf3be429b4d8efe2bcb03004e8047ef (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-02T22:34:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarceloGomesDeLira_DISSERT.pdf: 3968047 bytes, checksum: 2bf3be429b4d8efe2bcb03004e8047ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-27 / A pesca oce?nica gera alimento, emprego e renda e se mostra importante em fun??o da proximidade do Brasil das rotas migrat?rias dos atuns e afins. Desta forma, estudos que relacionem a distribui??o da abund?ncia e estrutura populacional dos recursos pesqueiros com as vari?veis ambientais e como essas rela??es influenciam na distribui??o espa?o-temporal, assim como um melhor entendimento da din?mica e composi??o das capturas da frota que opera com espinhel no Atl?ntico, s?o essenciais para o estabelecimento de medidas que visem ? explora??o sustent?vel desses recursos. Foram analisados os dados de desembarques da frota sediada no Rio Grande do Norte (RN), principal exportador brasileiro de atuns e afins, durante o per?odo de 2006 a 2016. Cerca de 80% das capturas em peso foram de Thunnus albacares, Thunnus obesus, Xiphias gladius e Prionace glauca. A remunera??o da tripula??o, combust?vel, isca e material de pesca representaram 65% dos custos de produ??o. O RN exportou aproximadamente 77% de T. albacares fresco e 26% congelado, 92% de T. obesus fresco e 90% congelado e 55% de X. gladius fresco e 95% congelados. Ainda foi analisada a distribui??o espa?o temporal de T. albacares, uma das principais esp?cies capturadas pela frota espinheleira do RN, e suas rela??es com as caracter?sticas oceanogr?ficas das ?guas do Oceano Atl?ntico. Para este estudo foram utilizados dados de captura da frota espinheleira sediada no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (Nordeste do Brasil), bem como dados de temperatura da superf?cie do mar (TSM), de clorofila-a (Chl-a), da ?rea compreendida entre 42,2? e 24,8? W e 5,9? S e 8,8? N, al?m de dados relativos ao ciclo lunar para o per?odo estudado. A metodologia empregada para modelar o efeito das vari?veis sobre a captura por unidade de esfor?o (CPUE) e o comprimento dos indiv?duos capturados foi o m?todo Modelos Lineares Generalizados (GLM). Ao total foram analisados 10.350 exemplares, que corresponderam a 482,95 t, capturados entre dezembro de 2007 e agosto de 2015. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a distribui??o, abund?ncia e a estrutura de comprimento de T. albacares est?o fortemente relacionadas com vari?veis ambientais (fases da lua, TSM e Chl-a), temporais (trimestre e ano) e espaciais (latitude e longitude) e que a baixa propor??o de adultos nas capturas totais de T. albacares, indica a necessidade de ado??o de medidas de administra??o pesqueira, visando ? conserva??o deste estoque.

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