Introducción: La adolescencia es considerada la etapa de mayor riesgo, para el consumo de alcohol, determinada por múltiple factores entre los principales esta la reafirmación de la independencia, la virilidad, la libertad en la toma de decisiones, la creencia de algunos mitos o la imitación a los adultos, el estrés, los factores genéticos y ambientales como la televisión. El presente estudio Factores psicosociales relacionados con el consumo de alcohol y riesgo de alcoholismo en adolescentes de 4to y Sto de secundaria en el colegio estatal de San Juan de Miraflores - Lima, como objetivo: determinar si existe relación entre factores psicosociales con el consumo y riesgo de alcoholismo en los adolescentes. Metodología: Estudio es descriptivo correlaciona! de corte trasversal, en una población conformada de 855 adolescentes que asisten en el colegio estatal, la muestra conformada por 270 estudiantes, la técnica utilizada para la recolección de datos fue la encuesta y como instrumento un cuestionario estructurado que consta de 42 preguntas relacionado al tema, el instrumento fue validado por el juicio de 9 expertos conocedores del área, el cual fue sometido a la validez de contenido y criterio, los resultados fueron procesados y analizados por métodos estadísticos. Resultados:se observa que el mayor porcentaje 52,6% de los estudiantes encuestados consumen bebidas alcohólicas, los que se relacionan más con los amigos, los que tienen baja autoestima; el 40,4% consumen alcohol por problemas familiar, falta de comunicación, padres consumidores y el 20,4% de los adolescentes que no presenta ningún problema. Conclusiones: Los factores psicosociales influyen para el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas, las relaciones con los amigos pero se encuentran en nivel medio de carencia de afecto,_personalidad dependiente y actitudes de los adolescentes sobre el alcohol.

Introducción: El consumo de alcohol y tabaco es la problemática más importante en la actualidad, sin embargo, su estudio en escolares no es suficiente aún. Uno de los factores estudiados con mayor amplitud ha sido el ámbito familiar, los antecedentes en los padres y su rendimiento escolar en el cual está envuelto el adolescente. A pesar de esto, no existen estudios que hayan sido realizados en centros educativos multicentricos que evalúen dicha asociación Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre el conocimiento de daño a la salud y consumo de alcohol y tabaco en estudiantes de 5° de secundaria del colegio I.E.N “Centro Base San Juan” San Juan de Miraflores, Lima Metodología: Estudio observacional, transversal, analítico, con enfoque cualitativo y nivel investigación relacional. Se trabajó con una población de 140 estudiantes de 5° de secundaria del colegio I.E.N “Centro Base San Juan” San Juan de Miraflores, Lima y se midió el conocimiento de daño a la salud, mediante una encuesta revalidada que fue realizada en Chosica por Escalante, además de otras variables como violencia intrafamiliar, antecedente de consumo en los padres, bajo nivel académico. Se determinó la asociación usando la prueba de chi cuadrado, se usó un valor de p<0,05 como estadísticamente significativo. Resultados: La Asociación entre el conocimiento de daño a la salud y consumo de alcohol y tabaco en estudiantes de 5° de secundaria del colegio I.E.N “Centro Base San Juan” San Juan de Miraflores, Lima, fue de un OR de 3,2 el cual fue significativamente estadistica; por otro lado tambien se asoció con el consumo de alcohol y tabaco la violencia intrafamiliar con un OR de 2.7, antecedentes de consumo en los padres con un OR de 2.4, bajo rendimiento escolar con un OR de 1.5, el género con un OR de 4.45 los cuales resultaron ser también significativamente estadísticos Conclusiones: Se concluye que existe asociación entre el conocimiento de daño a la salud y el consumo de alcohol y tabaco, con un OR de 3,2; lo cual nos indica que existe 3 veces más riesgo de que un estudiante que no tenga conocimiento sobre los múltiples efectos del tabaco y alcohol pueda sufrir de consumo de éste, además tenemos que la violencia intrafamiliar, antecedente de consumo en los padres, bajo rendimiento escolar y el género tuvieron una relación que fue estadísticamente significativa.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1950 S776 / Master of Science

No description available.

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) is an umbrella term that describes a range of symptoms associated with prenatal alcohol exposure. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is the most severe disorder in the spectrum and is a major health problem in South Africa, with a prevalence rate of 68.0-89.2 per 1000 children of school-going age. The primary cause of FAS is in utero alcohol exposure. However, secondary factors that contribute to the syndrome include various genetic, epigenetic and additional environmental factors. The proposal that paternal preconception alcohol exposure has adverse effects on offspring development is supported by children born with FASD-like characteristics whose mothers did not drink but whose fathers were alcoholics. Mouse models further support these findings. One of the main epigenetic factors that have been shown to be affected by alcohol is DNA methylation. This chemical modification of DNA is associated with developmentally important genes known as imprinted genes. Imprinted genes are expressed in a parent of origin specific manner. Methylation occurs at specific regions in these genes known as differentially methylated regions (DMRs) or imprinting control regions (ICRs). Alcohol’s ability to alter DNA methylation at imprinted genes raises the possibility that epigenetic disruption could contribute to the clinical features seen in FASD. The main aim of this research was to examine global DNA methylation and locus specific H19 ICR DNA methylation in spermatozoa, related to alcohol exposure. This was done using the luminometric methylation assay (LUMA) and bisulfite based quantitative pyrosequencing, respectively. In this study there was no significant correlation between alcohol exposure and global DNA methylation (p = 0.17), nor was there a significant correlation with drinking frequency (p = 0.31). Although not significant, a slight trend towards decreased global DNA methylation in alcohol-exposed spermatozoa was observed. This suggests that either alcohol does not affect global sperm DNA methylation or that the technique used in this study was not sensitive enough to detect minor changes in global DNA methylation percentage. There was also no significant correlation between alcohol exposure and average H19 ICR DNA methylation (p = 0.051), nor was there a significant correlation with drinking frequency (p = 0.47). There was no significant correlation between alcohol exposure and DNA methylation at individual CpG sites except for CpG 3, where there was a significant increase in DNA methylation in the drinking group (p = 0.03). The findings of this study together with the findings of significant selective demethylation at individual CpG sites within the IG-DMR from another study on the same sperm samples, suggest that alcohol may have the ability to affect DNA methylation levels in spermatozoa at certain loci within the sperm genome. However, these loci-specific effects are not reflected in global DNA methylation levels. These findings do not disprove the hypothesis that there is an epigenetic mechanism responsible for the paternal effects seen in FASD. Instead they suggest that the techniques used in this study were not sensitive enough to detect these changes in DNA methylation or alternatively, alcohol may be exerting its effects through other epigenetic mechanisms.

MSc(Med), Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2009 / Imprinted loci are critical in foetal development and most are regulated by the methylation-specific CTCF binding protein which binds imprinting control regions (ICRs). The ICR is located between two genes that comprise imprinted loci, which are reciprocally expressed in a parent-of-origin specific manner. Maternally hypomethylated ICRs allow CTCF binding, creating a boundary element which prevents downstream enhancers from acting on the paternally expressed gene upstream of the ICR. Conversely, the hypermethylated (imprinted) paternal ICR prevents CTCF binding, allowing downstream enhancers to act on the gene upstream of the ICR, while suppressing the downstream maternally expressed gene. Alcohol and its metabolites are able to reach the testes via the blood supply and are known to reduce global DNA methylation by disrupting the folate, methyl group and homocysteine pathway. This may therefore affect gene expression at imprinted loci, whose parental alleles are discriminated by the imprinting status at the ICR. The effect of pre-conception paternal alcohol exposure on the DNA methylation of three paternally imprinted ICRs (H19, Rasgrf1, IG-DMR) as well as the maternally imprinted Snrpn ICR was examined in mouse sperm and their offspring. Male mice were gavaged with ethanol or sucrose. DNA was extracted from sperm of treated males and tail biopsies from offspring. Samples were bisulphite modified and the ICRs PCR amplified. DNA methylation patterns of ICRs were analysed by sequencing and quantitatively via pyrosequencing. Sperm samples of ethanol treated males did not show significant demethylation when compared to sucrose treated mice, with the exception of H19 CpG 7, Rasgrf1 CpG 26 and Snrpn CpG 10 (p=0.024, 0.014 and

Ping-Kwai Yip. / Thesis (M.Ph.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1987. / Bibliography: leaves 184-192.

by Simon, Ka-wa Cheung. / Thesis (M.Ph.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1986 / Bibliography: leaves 118-126

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University / This study is an investigation of the effects of alcohol ingestion on attention in alcoholics. Alcoholism is herein defined as alcohol ingestion, over which the individual exercises no control, in association with deterioration in marital or family relations, social status, or vocational activity for five or more years. Attention is defined as heightened accuracy in recognizing stimuli congruent with expectancies, where equally available incongruent material is less well recognized. Higher recognition of congruent than of incongruent signals is "narrow" focus of attention. Uniform accuracy in recognizing congruent and incongruent signals is "broad," or unfocused attention. Existing data indicates that relative narrowness of attention depends on the distinctiveness of stimulus qualities, and on personal capacities to develop and maintain attention-setting expectancies. Recent findings indicate alcoholics as a group may fail to narrow attention when directive qualities are lacking in the stimulus environment, and may therefore depend more on external stimulation than inner initiative for focusing attention [TRUNCATED]

Drinking behaviour in the UK population continues to be of topical interest with ongoing references to a drinking culture consistent in the British media. This is despite an overall fall in drinking patterns across the UK reported by public health sources in recent years. ‘Heavy drinking’1 in universities has been suggested as a normative social behaviour and there are a number of studies that describe this in large scale descriptive studies of patterns of drinking and trends in morbidity and mortality. However, longitudinal, qualitative case studies which explore the interpretations of drinking in the social context of a university across different courses are limited. Design and methodology. This is a longitudinal, instrumental case study which followed a cohort of undergraduate students through their time at university with multiple data collection points across three years from 2012 to 2015. In depth interviews with a variety of stakeholders and other methods were triangulated to explore the nature of drinking behaviour over time at one university. Participants from a range of courses were recruited and individual and focus group interviews were conducted, recorded and transcribed. QSR NVivo software was used to collect, organise and code data and thematic analysis was utilised to explore the findings Key Findings:  There is an enduring perception at the Case University that heavy drinking is an expected student behaviour. Participants felt ‘safe’ at the Case University to drink heavily because it was transient and they said they would not continue with that behaviour once they started work (the ‘bubble’ effect).  For younger students, (18-24-year-olds), the motivation for drinking alcohol changed over three years from ‘having fun’ and ‘partying’ in the first year to ‘relieving stress’ and ‘relaxing’ in the third year.  The Student Union (SU) body and some academic staff appeared complicit in the normalisation of drinking at the Case University.  Some young people ‘pretended’ to drink in order to achieve a sense of belonging to their peer group.  Non-drinkers felt uncomfortable in the SU bar and avoided that social space, reporting that there was particular pressure to drink in that environment. Key Recommendations  There needs to be a move towards changing the cultural expectations that heavy drinking is a key feature of student life at the Case University.  A culture of inclusivity at the Case University is needed to accommodate those who choose not to drink or drink in moderation.  Considerations of how the Case University promotes drinking in the setting and how risk is managed is important.