The aim of this study is to determine a strategic focus for the implementation of the National Liquor Act 59 of 2003 in South Africa. There are several shortcomings in the implementation of the Act at national and provincial level. Various models in the field of Human Resource Management can assist in creating an effective strategy to achieve National Liquor Authority (NLA), Provincial Liquor Board (PLB) and South Africa Police Service (SAPS) objectives. The researcher applied purposive and snowball sampling to select 21 participants with extensive knowledge of the implementation of national and provincial liquor acts. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data from police and non-police liquor inspectors involved in the implementation of the Act. National and international literature was studied to collect theoretical information. The data was analysed by means of qualitative data packages. The ATLAS.ti software program was used to categorise data according to themes. The study objectives were to understand the strategic focus behind the implementation of national and provincial liquor acts. Furthermore, the roles of liquor inspectors and the procedure according to which the liquor acts were communicated to ensure performance were examined. International best practices in the enforcement of liquor acts were explored, and a strategic model was proposed to supplement shortcomings in the enforcement of these legislations. The findings indicated a gap between the National Liquor Act 59 of 2003 and agencies’ strategic focus, a lack of capacity, and poor communication of the liquor acts. Moreover, a strategic model is suggested to ensure uniform standards for the implementation of the National Liquor Act 59 of 2003. / Maikemišetšo a nyakišišo ye ke go laetša nepišo ya leano la phethagatšo ya Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Bjala, 59 wa 2003 ka Afrika Borwa. Go ba gona ga ditlhaelelo tše mmalwa phethagatšong ya molao maemong a bosetšhaba le a profense. Dimmotlolo tša go fapana ka lekaleng la Bolaodi bja Methopo ya Batho e ka thuša tlholong ya leano le le botse go fihlelela maikemišetšo a Bolaodi bja Bosetšhaba bja Bjala (NLA), Boto ya Profense ya Bjala (PLB) le Tirelo ya Sephodisa ya Afrika Borwa (SAPS). Banyakišiši ba šomišitše sampole ya nepo le ye e oketšegilego go kgetha bakgathatema ba 21 ba go ba le tsebo ye e nabilego ya phethagatšo ya melao ya bjala ya bosetšhaba le ya profense. Dipoledišano tša sebopego sa seripa di dirilwe go kgoboketša datha ya go tšwa go bahlahlobi ba sephodisa le bao e sego ba sephodisa ba ba akaretšwago phethagatšong ya molao. Dingwalo tša bosetšhaba le tša boditšhabatšhaba di fetlekilwe go kgoboketša tshedimošo ya teori. Datha e sekasekilwe ka go šomiša dipakhetše tša datha tša khwalithethifi. Lenaneo la softewere ya ATLAS.ti le šomišitšwe go aroganya datha go ya ka ditabataba. Maikemišetšo a nyakišišo e be e le go kwešiša nepišo ya leano la phethagatšo ya melao ya bjala ya bosetšhaba le ya profense. Gape, mešomo ya bahlahlobi ba bjala le tshepedišo yeo go ya ka yona melao ya bjala e tsebagaditšwego go kgonthišiša gore mošomo o hlahlobilwe. Mekgwa ye mekaone ya boditšhabatšhaba tiragatšong ya melao ya bjala e utulotšwe, gomme mmotlolo wa leano o šišintšwe go tlaleletša ditlhaelelo tiragatšong ya melao ye. Dikutullo di laeditše sekgoba gare ga Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Bjala, 59 wa 2003 le nepišo ya leano ya dietšentshi, tlhokego ya bokgoni, le kgokagano ya go fokola ya melao ya bjala. Go feta fao, mmotlolo WA leano o a šišinywa go kgonthišiša ditekanetšo tša go swana tša phethagatšo ya Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Bjala, 59 wa 2003. / Maikaelelo a thutopatlisiso eno ke go swetsa ka phitlhelelo ya togamaano e e totiwang malebana le go diragadiwa ga Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Nnotagi wa bo59 wa 2003 mo Aforikaborwa. Go na le makoanyana mo tiragatsong ya Molao kwa magatong a bosetšhaba le a diporofense. Dikao tse di farologaneng mo lephateng la Botsamaisi jwa Badiri di ka thusa go tlhama togamaano e e nonofileng go fitlhelela maitlhomo a Bothati jwa Bosetšhaba jwa Nnotagi (NLA), Boto ya Porofense ya Nnotagi (PLB) le Tirelo ya Sepodisi sa Aforikaborwa. Mmatlisisi o dirisitse tsela ya go tlhopha sampole go ya ka maikaelelo a thutopatlisiso mmogo le go letla ba ba mo patlisisong go ngokela ba bangwe go nna karolo ya sampole go tlhopha bannileseabe ba le 21 ba ba nang le kitso e e tseneletseng ya tiragatso ya melao ya bosetšhaba le ya porofense ya nnotagi. Go dirisitswe dipotsolotso tse di batlileng di rulagana go kokoanya tshedimosetso go tswa kwa sepodising le kwa batlhatlhobing ba e seng ba sepodisi ba nnotagi ba ba nang le seabe mo tiragatsong ya Molao. Go buisitswe dikwalo tsa bosetšhaba le tsa boditšhabatšhaba go kokoanya tshedimosetso ya tiori. Tshedimosetso e ne ya sekasekwa ka tiriso ya dipakana tse di dirisang dipalopalo. Go dirisitswe porokeramo ya serweboleta sa ATLAS.ti go aroganya tshedimosetso go ya ka meono. Maitlhomo a thutopatlisiso e ne e le go tlhaloganya togamaano e e totilweng malebana le tiragatso ya melao ya bosetšhaba le ya porofense ya nnotagi. Mo godimo ga moo, go sekasekilwe seabe sa batlhatlhobi ba nnotagi le ditsamaiso tse go anamisiwang tshedimosetso ka ga melao ya nnotagi ka tsona go netefatsa tiragatso. Go ne ga lebelelwa ditiragatso tse di gaisang tsa boditšhabatšhaba mo tiragatsong ya melao ya nnotagi mme go tshitshintswe sekao sa togamaano go tshegetsa makoa mo tiragatsong ya melao eno. Diphitlhelelo di supile sekgala magareng ga Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Nnotagi wa bo59 wa 2003 le diphitlhelelo tse di totilweng tsa togamaano tsa ditheo, tlhaelo ya bokgoni le tlhaeletsano e e bokoa malebana le melao ya nnotagi. Gape go tshitshinngwa sekao sa togamaano go netefatsa gore go nna le sekano se se tshwanang sa tiragatso ya Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Nnotagi wa bo59 wa 2003. / Police Practice / D. Lit. et Phil. (Police Science)

Bibliography: pages 337-373. / This thesis concerns itself with the genesis and development of the Durban system but also provides a point of entry into the social history of Durban. There are a number of threads which hold this study together. The most central of these comprises an examination of those struggles between ordinary African people and the white rulers of the town over access to, and the production of drink generally, and utshwala in particular. The lengths to which the state in South Africa has gone in order to control the supply of alcohol, particularly utshwala, to African popular classes and the intensity of the resistance to this control has, with one notable exception, been largely ignored by historians. This neglect is understandable. Not only is the study of the making of South Africa's working classes in its infancy but regional social histories have only recently begun to make their appearance in written form. Moreover, research has tended to focus on the Transvaal, especially the Witwatersrand, and the main concern of such studies has been to concentrate on the regional with a view to arriving at more general conclusions about the state and the nature of class formation and consciousness. In their sensitivity to local-level and regional concerns, these studies are invaluable and certainly they represent an important step away from, as Tim Keegan has noted, the growing sterility of the debates on race and class, on segregationist ideology and practice, and on the nature and role of the state.

Despite the implementation of legal prohibitions and regulatory policies to limit the commercial availability of lottery products to minors, published research continues to document a high prevalence of participation in and ease of access to lottery playing amongst adolescents. This study systematically investigated the influence of individual-level factors in vendor compliance with youth access statutes and policies for lottery and alcohol products. Six underage youths each attempted to purchase a lottery ticket, a beer, or both products together in the same 313 convenience stores, for a total of 1,219 purchase attempts. The results revealed that only a moderate proportion of vendors surveyed in this study were compliant with existing statutes and policies, and that gender and vendor age variables playa significant role in youth purchasing of lottery tickets and alcohol. These findings were interpreted in terms of their implications for strengthening regulatory policies and future research.

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In this study beer breweries and vineyards have been studied. The purpose of the study is to illuminate how beer breweries and vineyards on Gotland market themselves on social media and how they address the Swedish law “Alkohollag (2010:1622): 7 kap. Marknadsföring av alkoholdrycker och alkoholdrycksliknande preparat”. In this study a content analysis was made on four Gotlandic businesses, two vineyards and two breweries. In the content analysis 184 posts, from the different businesses, on both Instagram and Facebook were analyzed based on a coding schedule with eight different subjects. Five semi structured interviews with the Gotlandic businesses were also made. The result showed that all breweries and vineyards are marketing themselves differently and are variously active on social media. It is also shown that there is a difference between the big businesses and the smaller ones on how they address the Swedish law. The bigger businesses have more resources on the marketing side than the smaller ones which may be a result of how they address the law. / I denna studie har ölbryggerier och vingård på Gotland studerats. Syftet med denna studie är att belysa hur ölbryggerier och vingårdar på Gotland marknadsför sig på sociala medier och hur de förhåller sig till “Alkohollag (2010:1622): 7 kap. Marknadsföring av alkoholdrycker och alkoholdrycksliknande preparat”. I studien genomfördes en kvalitativ innehållsanalys där fyra gotländska företag analyserades, två vingårdar och två ölbryggerier. I innehållsanalysen analyserades 184 inlägg på företagens Instagram och Facebook. Inläggen analyserades utifrån ett kodningsschema med åtta olika teman, även fem semistrukturerade intervjuer med de gotländska företagen genomfördes. Resultat visade att alla bryggerier och vingårdar marknadsför sig på olika sätt och är olika aktiva på sociala medier. Det finns en skillnad mellan de stora företagen och de mindre på hur de förhåller sig till alkohollagen 7 kap då de större företagen har fler resurser att marknadsföra sig med än de andra företagen.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The objective of this research is to examine the development of the California alcohol outlets over time and the relationship between neighborhood characteristics and densities of the alcohol outlets. Two types of advanced analyses were done after the usual preliminary description of data. Firstly, fixed and random effects linear regression were used for the county panel data across time (1945-2010) with a dummy variable added to capture the change in law regarding limitations on alcohol outlets density. Secondly, a Bayesian spatio-temporal Poisson regression of the census tract panel data was conducted to capture recent availability of population characteristics affecting outlet density. The spatial Conditional Autoregressive model was embedded in the Poisson regression to detect spatial dependency of unexplained variance of alcohol outlet density. The results show that the alcohol outlets density reduced under the limitation law over time. However, it was no more effective in reducing the growth of alcohol outlets after the limitation was modified to be more restrictive. Poorer, higher vacancy rate and lower percentage of Black neighborhoods tend to have higher alcohol outlet density (numbers of alcohol outlets to population ratio) for both on-sale general and off-sale general. Other characteristics like percentage of Hispanics, percentage of Asians, percentage of younger population and median income of adjacency neighbors were associated with densities of on-sale general and off sale general alcohol outlets. Some regions like the San Francisco Bay area and the Greater Los Angeles area have more alcohol outlets than the predictions of neighborhood characteristics included in the model.