This paper is a follow-up study about working students¡¦ job stress, family stress, and time allocation based on Tsai(2004) and Shian(2001)¡¦s studies. Job stress, family stress, and time allocation are found differing among working students of different gender and family life cycles. We further study the interaction caused by these two independent variables. In this paper, we also set ¡§nationality¡¨ as another independent variable to compare the different characteristics between Taiwan and the USA. Several important findings as following: 1. Exercise time is a critical variable to discriminate high-stressed and low- stressed group. In the USA sample we also find gender and needs of taking time off from work to school are indicators, and marriage status in the Taiwan sample. 2. Job and family stress are influenced by the interaction between gender and nationality. American females have higher family stress than males. Taiwanese males have higher job and family stress than American males. 3. Time allocation is influenced by the interaction between gender and family life cycle, and the interaction between nationality and family life cycle. Before children growing up, females¡¦ time resource has been occupied by chore and baby-sitting, which decreases working and leisure time. Parents in Taiwan spend more time taking care of their 7~17 years old children than Americans do. After their children reaching age 7, Taiwanese working students stop working too long and exercise more. 4. Work time decreases exercise time and time for family in the Taiwan sample, on the contrary work tome doesn¡¦t correlate with family and exercise time in the USA sample, which suggests that Taiwanese working students may need to learn how to deal with job stress/overworking, and how to manage time resource better.

The domestic life insurance industry at present is in the steep competition situation. With the fund accumulated rapidly, which investment strategy the life insurance company should take is very important. Law of Insurance 146th puts the restriction on the investment upper limit of the life insurance company. This research will discuss the influence of this investment restriction on life insurance companies¡¦ asset allocation by the samples of Cathay Life Insurance and Shin Kong Life Insurance, and also evaluate the performances of these two life insurance companies. Moreover, under the investment restriction, this research compares the investment rates of return between the optimal portfolios by different portfolio performance measures and the actual portfolios of the two life insurance companies and also shows that which portfolio performance measure is more suitable for life insurance companies to contribute to the decision-making of the life insurance companies about asset allocation. This research utilizes the Efficient Frontier that is inferred from the Markowitz¡¦s portfolio selection model to apply on the Sharpe measure and the IRp measure to achieve the research¡¦s goal mentioned above. The conclusions of this research are as follows: 1. Evaluated by the Sharpe measure, whether there is the investment restriction or not, the difference is small¡FEvaluated by the IRp measure, then there is the higher expected rate of return and better diversification with no investment restriction. 2.The actual rates of return of Cathay Life Insurance and Shin Kong Life Insurance are below the expected rates of returns of their portfolio evaluated be the Sharpe measure and the IRp measure. Moreover, This two measures show that Cathay Life Insurance has the better investment performance then Shin Kong Life Insurance. 3. Under the investment restriction, the differences between the expected rates of return of the optimal portfolio whether by the Sharpe measure or the IRp measure and the investment rates of return of the actual portfolio of these two companies are caused by the influence of the macro economy. 4. If there is no investment restriction, the optimal portfolio of the IRp measure has the better diversification that fits the conservative character of the life insurance companies.

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Comments and Discussion : Toshiki Tamai

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Pico-Cellular architecture fully reuses frequency to increase network capacity. However, it will increase the occurance of Handoff due to the small range of cell. Previous works in channel allocations can reduce blocking probability of handoff call, but it may increase blocking probability of new call. As a result, channel utilization is decreased because they can not adapt to network changes. In this thesis, we present a Dynamic Channel Allocation Mechanism with priority support. All channels and calls are divided into high and low priority. If there is no high_priority channel for high_priority call, high_priority call may downgrade its priority by sacrificing some QoS to utilize low_priority channels. We define two new array for network information status, one is next_cell state, and the other is the transition probability. Next_cell state is used to save prior M Cell_Ids where handoff calls may move to. Transition probability is used to save the probabilities for active calls moving to other neighboring cells. According to next_cell state and transition probability, we can accurately predict the probabilities for mobile hosts moving to other neighboring cells. Therefore, we can dynamically adjust bandwidth reservation requests sending to neighboring cells by the latest transition probability and the number of active calls in this cell. We analyze the proposed mechanism through a mathematical model. In the model, we build a four-dimension Markov Chain and use MATLAB[41] tool to evaluate blocking probability, channel throughput and utilization. We found out that blocking probability of handoff call can be decreased and channel utilization can be increased through the proposed channel allocation mechanisms with high and low priority support.

The research desires to evaluate the resources allocation of the educational priority area project in Taiwan. The methods of the research are interview of experts and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The results are: 1. the experts all recognize that educational priority area project is very important for our primary education in our country; 2. the experts think the indicators weight of the educational priority area project should differentiate between all indicators and each indicator would has its own weight. 3. By using AHP, we get the weights and orders of the indicators which used in the educational priority areas project in practice: i. Improvement to the school with more students of the aboriginal and low-income households; ii. Improvement to the school at the remote districts; iii. Improvement to the school with more students of the single parent family or grandparents-bleeding family; iv. Improvement to the school with more students of the discontinue schooling or need of more guidance and assistance; v. Improvement to the school with loss of the school-age students.

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This study examined equity in the context of the allocation of park and recreation resources within a community. The contributions made by this study include: extending the original taxonomy of equity models proposed by Crompton and Wicks (1988); development of a theoretical framework for their original model; providing a current synthesis of equity based literature; advancing the Equity Implementation Model (Wicks & Crompton, 1989) by developing an instrument capable of measuring residents’ perceptions and preferences of park and recreation resource allocation in their community; empirically confirming the legitimacy of alternate dimensions of equity through Structural Equation Modeling; applying information gained from using the instrument to determine the usefulness of selected variables in predicting equity preferences; and comparing data on equity preferences with those of prevailing perceptions to illustrate the utility of the instrument in guiding resource allocation decisions. Five of the original operationalizations of equity were validated (Compensatory, Taxes Paid, Direct Price, Efficiency and Advocacy). An additional operationalization, Professional Judgment, was included and also validated, while one of the original dimensions suggested by Crompton and Wicks, Equal Outcomes, could not be distinctively conceptually differentiated and so was discarded. The operationalizations of Equal Inputs and Equal Opportunity could not be differentiated to reflect distinctively different equity concepts. However, further efforts should be invested in operationalizing these two equity concepts, since they do appear to be conceptually different. Using confirmatory factor analysis, a model consisting of all seven operationalizations (Compensatory, Taxes Paid, Direct Price, Efficiency, Advocacy, Professional Judgment and Equality) was an acceptable fit and all paths were significant at the .05 level, suggesting that the proposed 23-item, seven-dimension scale, P&R-EQUITY, effectively measures seven facets of residents’ perceptions of equity in the allocation of park and recreation resources. Two additional operationalizations (Demonstrated Use and Coproduction Opportunities) emerged during the research which suggested that Demonstrated Interest was inadequately operationalized, so future efforts could be focused on operationalizing those three. The scale developed in this study is intended to help officials make appropriate decisions when allocating park and recreation resources.

This research develops yield and reliability models for fault-tolerant semiconductor integrated circuits and develops optimization algorithms that can be directly applied to these models. Since defects cause failures in microelectronics systems, accurate yield and reliability models considering these defects as well as optimization techniques determining efficient defect-tolerant schemes are essential in semiconductor manufacturing and nanomanufacturing to ensure manufacturability and productivity. The defect-based yield model considers various types of failures, fault-tolerant schemes such as hierarchical redundancy and error correcting code, and burn-in effects, simultaneously. The reliability model counts on carry-over single-cell failures accompanied by the failure rate of the semiconductor integrated circuits under the assumption of an error correcting code policy. The redundancy allocation problem, which seeks to find an optimal allocation of redundancy that maximizes system reliability, is one of the representative problems in reliability optimization. The problem is typically formulated as a nonconvex integer nonlinear programming problem that is nonseparable and coherent. Two iterative heuristics, tree and scanning heuristics, and variants are studied to obtain local optima and a branch-and-bound algorithm is proposed to find the global optimum for redundancy allocation problems. The proposed algorithms engage a multiple-search paths strategy to accelerate efficiency. Experimental results of these algorithms indicate that they are superior to the existing algorithms in terms of computation time and solution quality. An example of memory semiconductor integrated circuits is presented to show the applicability of both the yield and reliability models and the optimization algorithms to fault-tolerant semiconductor integrated circuits.