Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T20:12:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGEF14MA014.pdf: 2102829 bytes, checksum: 2b38e65fe5bff8622875a243f0e0ceae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-19 / This study aimed to evaluate the potential of using waste from processing of five commercial tropical species (angelim, cambará, canelão, cedro and itaúba) as raw material for the production of medium density particleboard panels. Homogeneous panels were produced for each species, and for a mixture of all species in equal proportions (mix). The five species and the mix were used as outer layer for panels whose inner layer was produced with Pinus spp., in the proportion of 20:60:20. A 13th treatment was also produced to be used as evidence, composed only by Pinus spp. The panels were made using urea formaldehyde resin (12%), paraffin emulsion (1%) and a press cycle applying 40kgf/cm² of pressure and temperature of 160°C for 8 minutes for a density of 0.65 g/cm³. Tropical species have been identified as Hymenolobium sp./Andira sp. (angelim), Qualea sp. (cambará), Ocotea sp./Nectandra sp. (canelão), Cedrelinga cateniformis (Ducke) Ducke (cedro) e Mezilaurus itauba (Meisn.) Taub. ex Mez. (itaúba). The results showed that the species cedro, angelim and cambará showed promising performances for homogeneous or multilayer panels, indicating the potential of these species residue as raw material in the panels production. However, further studies with all species is recommended because it is believed that improving the uniformity of particles deposition in the bed, reducing the particle size as well as increasing the nominal density of the panels, it is possible to obtain results consonant with the standards for all species / Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial da utilização de resíduos do processo de beneficiamento de cinco espécies tropicais comerciais (angelim, cambará, canelão, cedro e itaúba) como matéria-prima para a produção de painéis de partículas de média densidade. Para isso foram produzidos painéis homogêneos de cada espécie e com a mistura de todas as espécies em iguais proporções (mix). As cinco espécies e o mix também foram utilizados como camada externa em painéis cuja camada interna foi produzida com Pinus spp., na proporção 20:60:20. Foi produzido ainda um 13º tratamento como testemunha, composto apenas por Pinus spp. Os painéis foram produzidos utilizando resina ureia formaldeído (12% psp), emulsão de parafina (1% psp) e ciclo de prensa aplicando-se pressão de 40kgf/cm² e temperatura de 160°C por 8 minutos, para uma massa específica dos painéis de 0,65g/cm³. As espécies tropicais foram identificadas como Hymenolobium sp./Andira sp. (angelim), Qualea sp. (cambará), Ocotea sp./Nectandra sp. (canelão), Cedrelinga cateniformis (Ducke) Ducke (cedro) e Mezilaurus itauba (Meisn.) Taub. ex Mez. (itaúba). Os resultados indicaram que as espécies cedro, angelim, cambará apresentaram desempenhos promissores para painéis homogêneos ou multicamadas, indicando o potencial do resíduo destas espécies como matéria-prima na produção de painéis. Porém, recomenda-se mais estudos com todas as espécies, pois acredita-se que melhorando a uniformidade na deposição das partículas no colchão, diminuindo o tamanho das partículas, bem como aumentando a massa específica nominal dos painéis, seja possível obter resultados consoantes às normas para todas as espécies

Cashmere Forest is currently a production forest comprised of mostly radiata pine (c.85%), Douglas fir (c.5%) and some non plantation areas. The Port Hills Park Trust Board (PHPTB) is interested in purchasing Cashmere Forest for the purpose of creating a public forest park environment where forestry, indigenous biodiversity, recreation and the environment are goals of sustainable management. For this purpose this draft forest management (DFM) plan has been prepared. The preparation of the Cashmere DFM plan comprised three main components: 1. An economic analysis of the current plantation component of Cashmere Forest. 2. Preparation of a draft forest management plan which encompasses the management of plantation and non plantation areas. 3. Preparation of a geographic information system (GIS) for Cashmere Forest. Economic analysis evaluated clearfell, coupe (2 to 5 ha), and a mixture of coupe and continuous canopy management (CCM) as harvesting scenarios. The coupe CCM mix was recommended for implementation primarily as it best suited long term management goals for Cashmere Forest Park while also returning modest value (NPV $561, 966). Normal cashflow analysis was also used to analyse cashflow over the first thirty years of operation from 2007. Under coupe/CCM, accrued profit does not become permanently positive until around 2019 due to initial infrastructure costs. Accrued revenue culminates at around 4 million after 30 years. This figure may drop following implementation of high pruning, alternative growth models and indigenous restoration. The Cashmere DFM plan begins with the 200 year vision which sees a Forest Park ecosystem that achieves production, environmental, ecological and recreational goals appropriate to its Port Hills location. Production forestry is practiced through the selective harvesting of a range of naturally regenerated exotic and restored indigenous species. Landscape, soil and water resources are sustainably managed through the retention of a mixed forest canopy. The forest park has been significantly augmented with indigenous flora and fauna typical of the Port Hills and ecologically significant areas are managed specifically for their indigenous biodiversity. Park recreational users are enjoying ongoing utilisation of a unique Canterbury landscape. Plantation forest management involves coupes of between 2 to 5 ha which will be harvested with cable or ground based systems with areas split approximately 50:50 between the two. Cable harvesting will be carried out with a swing yarder system with ground based operations carried out with track skidders. CCM will be carried out on a trial basis in three compartments. Re-establishment of plantation areas will aim towards occupying around 58% of Cashmere Forest, comprised of areas of radiate pine 65%, radiata pine/eucalypt 24%, Douglas fir/eucalypt 5% and Alternative species 6%. Non plantation areas are identified as either bluff, track or clearing. Within each area there may be one or more vegetation type including tussock grassland, mixed shrubland, rock association and any mixture of the three. It is proposed that the non plantation area will eventually increase to include riparian buffers 31%, restored native 55%, bluff 10% and track 4% areas, reflecting the long term vision of increased native areas in Cashmere Forest. Monitoring of forest operations, restoration, recreation and management progress will be integral to the successful implementation of the Cashmere DFM plan. A database of information will be created to allow periodical reviews of processes and predictions and reconciliation of costs and revenues associated with the management of Cashmere Forest. Periodical reviews will also be undertaken by an independent management advisory group who can liaise with the project manager of Cashmere Forest Park to discuss issues and aid planning and ensure the successful establishment of this unique park resource.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T20:12:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGEF14MA009.pdf: 1650293 bytes, checksum: 26d8474802a33a6caccdc7baa3aa2780 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-08 / The objective was to produce and evaluate oriented strand board (OSB) of Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden et Cambage and Pinus spp. by the physical and mechanical properties. The particles of Eucalyptus were obtained from logs reforestation with 13 years old already particles of Pinus spp. came from industrial process, being composed of the mix of particles of Pinus taeda and Pinus elliottii. The proportions of face:core:face adopted were 20:60:20 and 30:40:30, where the mattress particles was composed of 3 layers arranged perpendicular to each other. The experimental plan involved 10 treatments with 3 repetitions, where we compared Eucalyptus, Pinus, and panels with layers of different species and panels with mixed particles of both species. The panels were produced with a density of 0.65 g/cm3, 6% phenol formaldehyde resin, 1% paraffin emulsion and pressing cycle with 180°C, 40 kgf/cm2 for 8 minutes. The assays were performed according to ASTM D1037 (1993) and DIN 52362 (1982). In statistics analysis was applied to analysis of variance and the Scott- Knott test at 95% probability, beyond comparison with those of the standard CSA 0437 (1993). The results showed that panels composed solely of Eucalyptus showed the best results for water absorption, thickness swelling and spring back, but the results were not satisfactory when compared with the reference standard. For mechanical properties, in general, the best results were obtained in the treatment of particles composed solely of Pinus. Some treatments have not reached the minimum required by the standard for the testing of MOE and MOR, and besides, the greatest results for the parallel direction were obtained in the ratio 30:40:30 and perpendicular to the ratio 20:60:20 were found. As for internal bond, all treatments reached the minimum values of the two ratings. Thus, the results of this study indicate that E. benthamii can be an alternative for the production of oriented strand board (OSB) / O objetivo foi produzir e avaliar painéis de partículas orientadas (OSB) de Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden et Cambage e Pinus spp. por meio das propriedades físicas e mecânicas. As partículas de Eucalyptus foram obtidas a partir de toras de reflorestamentos com 13 anos de idade, já as partículas de Pinus spp. foram provenientes de processo industrial, sendo composto pelo mix de partículas de Pinus taeda e Pinus elliottii. As proporções face:miolo:face adotadas foram 20:60:20 e 30:40:30, onde o colchão de partículas foi composto por 3 camadas dispostas perpendicularmente entre si. O delineamento experimental envolveu 10 tratamentos, com 3 repetições cada, onde comparou-se painéis de Eucalyptus, painéis de Pinus, com camadas de espécies distintas e painéis com partículas de ambas as espécies misturadas. Os painéis foram produzidos com densidade de 0,65 g/cm3, 6% de resina fenol-formaldeído, 1% de emulsão de parafina e ciclo de prensagem de 180ºC, 40 kgf/cm2 por 8 minutos. Os ensaios foram realizados de acordo com a ASTM D1037 (1993) e a DIN 52362 (1982). Na análise dos resultados foi aplicada a Análise de Variância e Teste de Scott-Knott a 95% de probabilidade, além da comparação com os parâmetros da norma CSA 0437 (1993). Os resultados demonstraram que os painéis compostos exclusivamente por Eucalyptus apresentaram os melhores resultados para absorção de água, inchamento em espessura e taxa de não retorno em espessura, porém os valores não foram satisfatórios quando comparados com a norma de referência. Para propriedades mecânicas, em geral, os melhores resultados foram obtidos no tratamento composto somente por partículas de Pinus. Alguns tratamentos não atingiram o mínimo exigido pela norma para os ensaios de MOE e MOR, além do que, os maiores resultados para o sentido paralelo foram obtidos na proporção 30:40:30 e para o perpendicular foram encontrados na proporção 20:60:20. Já para ligação interna, todos os tratamentos atingiram os valores mínimos das duas classificações. Assim, os resultados deste trabalho indicam que a madeira de E. benthamii pode ser uma alternativa para a produção de painéis de partículas orientadas (OSB)