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CONFIABILISMO EM ALVIN GOLDMAN / RELIABILITY IN ALVIN GOLDMANRodrigues, Emanuele Abreu 26 August 2009 (has links)
We assume that the central focus of epistemology is propositional knowledge (S knows that P). However, since some true beliefs are true by accident, the central question raised by epistemologists is: What becomes a mere true belief into knowledge? There are several answers to this question, many of them conflicting with each other. Among the answers we find two perspectives that compete
with each other as the necessary and sufficient conditions for knowledge, namely, the internalist and externalist perspectives. For the epistemological externalism mind the external factors in the formation of belief. The research aims to discuss some issues that connect externalism a proper way of thinking about truth and what we do when we take a belief to be true. The theoretical discussion will use the externalist perspective of Alvin Goldman seeking a normative theory of justification, assuming that a
belief is caused by a reliable process. Goldman, for example, states that the explanation of justified
belief is necessary for knowledge and is closely related to it. Asserts that the term "justified" is an
evaluative term and any correct definition or synonym for "justified" would also be an evaluative term.
Thus, Goldman seeks a normative theory of justification for such a search to specify the conditions for
substantive epistemic belief. However, he said conditions should be a non-epistemic, that is, necessary and sufficient conditions that do not involve any epistemic notions. Goldman complains that most of the time it is assumed that someone has a justified belief because that person knows that the belief is justified and know what is the justification. This means that justification is an argument or a set of reasons that can be given in favor of a belief, but it just tells us that the nature of justified belief with regard to what a person might say if asked to defend or justify belief. Instead, Goldman thinks that a belief is justified only by some process or property that makes it justified. / Partiremos do pressuposto que o foco central da epistemologia é o conhecimento proposicional (S
sabe que P). Entretanto, uma vez que algumas crenças verdadeiras são verdadeiras por acaso, a questão central formulada pelos epistemólogos é a seguinte: O que converte a mera crença verdadeira em conhecimento? Existem diversas respostas para essa questão, muitas delas conflitantes entre si. Entre as respostas encontramos duas perspectivas que competem entre si quanto às condições necessárias e suficientes para o conhecimento, a saber, as perspectivas
internalista e externalista. Para o externalismo epistemológico importam os fatores externos na formação da crença. A pesquisa procura discutir algumas questões que conectam o externalismo a uma adequada maneira de pensar sobre a verdade e o que fazemos quando tomamos uma crença
como sendo verdadeira. Como referencial teórico utilizaremos a perspectiva externalista de Alvin Goldman que busca uma teoria normativa da justificação, pressupondo que uma crença é originada por um processo confiável. Goldman, por exemplo, afirma que a explicação da crença justificada é necessária para o conhecimento e está intimamente relacionada a ele. Assevera que o termo justificada é um termo valorativo e qualquer definição correta ou sinônimo de justificada seria
também um termo valorativo. Assim, Goldman busca uma teoria normativa da justificação, para tal procura especificar as condições substantivas para a crença epistêmica. Contudo, afirma que tais condições deverão ser condições não epistêmicas, isto é, condições necessárias e suficientes que não envolvem quaisquer noções epistêmicas. Goldman critica que na maioria das vezes se assume que alguém tem uma crença justificada porque essa pessoa sabe que a crença é justificada e sabe qual é a justificação. Isso significa dizer que a justificação é um argumento ou um conjunto de razões
que podem ser dadas a favor de uma crença, mas isso simplesmente nos diz que a natureza da crença justificada diz respeito ao que uma pessoa poderia dizer se fosse solicitada a defender ou justificar sua crença. Ao contrário, Goldman pensa que uma crença só é justificada através de algum
processo ou propriedade que a torna justificada.
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The Adequacy of Alvin Goldman's Reliabilist Theory of Justified BeliefRabinowitz, Dani Wayne 16 November 2006 (has links)
Student Number : 0311005K -
MA dissertation -
School of Social Sciences -
Faculty of Humanities / In this paper I track the work of Alvin Goldman, the American epistemologist, from 1979 to 1992 to assess its adequacy as a theory of justified belief. Many philosophers have pointed out that the theory faces problems, the three most important of which I consider. The first is the “clairvoyance problem.” In this case we intuitively deny the status of “justified” to certain beliefs produced by the reliable process of clairvoyance. This indicates that reliable belief formation is not sufficient for justification.
The “generality problem,” the second problem, concerns the correct identification and description of the process forming each belief. If the process cannot be identified, then no assessment can be made of a belief’s epistemic status. Moreover, if the process is described too narrowly such that each process only has one output belief, then all true beliefs will be “justified” and all false beliefs “unjustified,” an unacceptable result. If the process is described too broadly then all output beliefs of that process will share an equal epistemic status, also an unacceptable result.
Finally, it is possible to challenge the necessity of reliable formation for justification using the case of a cognizer in an evil demon world such that his unreliable visual beliefs are intuitively “justified” since those beliefs are produced by the same reliable processes in our world where they produce justified beliefs.
I defend Goldman against these challenges by elucidating subtleties in Goldman’s work that answer these problems and by adding three necessary conditions to his theory. I argue that by modifying Goldman’s early work and rejecting parts of his later work, we can formulate a version of his theory that counts as an adequate theory of justified belief immune to the foregoing problems.
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The Indispensability of Conscious AccessWinterfeldt, Steven 14 July 2016 (has links)
No description available.
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MISGIVINGS ABOUT THE GIVEN: EXTERNALIST ELEMENTS IN BONJOUR’S INTERNALIST FOUNDATIONALISM.Korankye, Kobina Oduro 18 May 2023 (has links)
No description available.
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