Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a cultura amadora fotográfica na virada do século XIX, tendo como contexto Petrópolis e Rio de Janeiro e tomando como fio condutor a produção e atuação de Alberto de Sampaio, um advogado e apaixonado fotógrafo amador, pertencente à elite da cidade serrana. São examinados os integrantes dessas atividades, suas qualificações sociais e culturais, práticas e objetivos, competência (econômica, material, técnica e outras), seus produtos, usos e funções, referenciais (critérios, normas, valores e seus veículos), suas formas de associação e interação. Três séries de fotografias tematizando a natureza, a família e a cidade permitem concluir que fotografar não era um registro documental mas uma prática comunicacional, completada pela circulação familiar e entre amigos, homens cultivados e refinados, sedimentando laços e garantindo solidariedade, tudo alimentado pelo afeto, pela diversão, pelo lúdico e pelo humor. Era um propósito que não poderia assentar-se em outros fundamentos, como os de natureza política, econômica e profissional. / This piece of work aims to analize the amateur photographic culture in the turning of the Nineteenth century, using as context Petropolis and Rio de Janeiro and taking as guiding principles Alberto Sampaio\'s production and performance, a lawyer and passionate amateur photographer, who was part of the mountain range city\'s elite. It will be examined the components of such activities, their social and cultural qualifications, practices and objectives, competence (economical, material, technical and others), their products, uses and functions, frames of reference(criteria, rules, values and their vehicles), their forms of association and interaction. Three series of photographies using as a theme, the nature, the family, and the city allow to conclude that photographing was not a documentation recording, but a communication practice, completed by the circulation in family and among friends, refined and educated men, settling bonds and assuring solidarity, everything powered by affection, by enjoyment, by the ludic, by humour. It was a purpose that could not be settled in other basic rules as of political, economical or professional natures.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a cultura amadora fotográfica na virada do século XIX, tendo como contexto Petrópolis e Rio de Janeiro e tomando como fio condutor a produção e atuação de Alberto de Sampaio, um advogado e apaixonado fotógrafo amador, pertencente à elite da cidade serrana. São examinados os integrantes dessas atividades, suas qualificações sociais e culturais, práticas e objetivos, competência (econômica, material, técnica e outras), seus produtos, usos e funções, referenciais (critérios, normas, valores e seus veículos), suas formas de associação e interação. Três séries de fotografias tematizando a natureza, a família e a cidade permitem concluir que fotografar não era um registro documental mas uma prática comunicacional, completada pela circulação familiar e entre amigos, homens cultivados e refinados, sedimentando laços e garantindo solidariedade, tudo alimentado pelo afeto, pela diversão, pelo lúdico e pelo humor. Era um propósito que não poderia assentar-se em outros fundamentos, como os de natureza política, econômica e profissional. / This piece of work aims to analize the amateur photographic culture in the turning of the Nineteenth century, using as context Petropolis and Rio de Janeiro and taking as guiding principles Alberto Sampaio\'s production and performance, a lawyer and passionate amateur photographer, who was part of the mountain range city\'s elite. It will be examined the components of such activities, their social and cultural qualifications, practices and objectives, competence (economical, material, technical and others), their products, uses and functions, frames of reference(criteria, rules, values and their vehicles), their forms of association and interaction. Three series of photographies using as a theme, the nature, the family, and the city allow to conclude that photographing was not a documentation recording, but a communication practice, completed by the circulation in family and among friends, refined and educated men, settling bonds and assuring solidarity, everything powered by affection, by enjoyment, by the ludic, by humour. It was a purpose that could not be settled in other basic rules as of political, economical or professional natures.

This project grew out of an interest in notions of ‘home’, what ‘home’ is and its relationship to the ‘house’ as a physical place of dwelling. Specifically, this project explores how the home is represented in vernacular image-making, such as the photographs in the family album and craft methods such as cross-stitch. This lead to an investigation into vernacular photography, collections and archives, and contemporary craft methods. An archive of photographs collected follows the text, as well as drawings and embroideries made during the project. The final work consists of a large-scale projection of a cross-stitch and the photograph it originated from.

Ce mémoire de maîtrise porte sur l’animation des images fixes dans le film Me and You and Everyone we Know réalisé en 2005 par Miranda July, et tout particulièrement sur les pratiques artistiques de la protagoniste Christine Jeperson, qui est artiste vidéaste. L’objet de cette étude se fonde sur les matériaux utilisés par l’artiste-protagoniste elle-même, et vise en premier la photographie, puisqu’elle travaille toujours à partir de photos amateur, de clichés, d’images banales, qu’elle tente d’animer par le biais de la vidéo et de leur mise en récit. Ces deux dispositifs d’animation, qui à leur façon redonnent du temps et du mouvement aux images, réalisent un déplacement de valeur en en faisant de l’art et déploient du même coup un espace propre à une certaine expérience esthétique du spectateur, car c’est dans son imaginaire que peut véritablement se produire l’animation de ces images. Ainsi, dans ce mémoire, je tenterai tout à la fois de me concentrer sur ce détail du film que sont les œuvres de Christine, mais en cherchant à les mettre en relation avec d’autres moments du film, avec ce qui semble être les motifs privilégiés de la pratique de Miranda July, de même qu’avec d’autres moments de l’histoire de l’art, afin d’en historiciser la démarche. Ce travail servira donc à éclairer une pratique d’images contemporaine singulière, à la croisée entre photographie, vidéo et film. / This Master’s thesis deals with the animation of still images in Miranda July’s 2005 film, Me and You and Everyone we Know. More specifically, it analyses the artistic practices of Christine Jeperson, a video artist who is the main character of the film. This study focuses on the materials utilized by the artist-protagonist and looks at her particular use of photography: her video works all revolve around amateur photographs, clichés, banal images, that she animates via the remediation of video and "narrativization" ("mise en récit"). These two principles of animation, that give time and motion to the still images she uses, also produce a displacement of value by turning these images into art and, by the same token, open a specific space i.e. the aesthetic experience of the spectator, for it is in his or her imaginary, in the end, that this animation is produced. Thus, in this study, I wish to look at these “details” within the films — the video works of Christine — whilst seeking to show the relations they entertain with other elements of the film, with Miranda July’s body of works, as well as with other moments in art history that relate to this animation apparatus, in order to historicize the practices of Christine / July. This Master’s Thesis wishes to illuminate a specific kind of contemporary visual practice, at the intersection of photography, video and film.

Obwohl das dokumentarische Bild als beglaubigte Aufzeichnung einer außermedialen Realität als Diskursgegenstand bereits seit Längerem dekonstruiert ist, scheint die Faszination am Dokumentarischen nahezu ungebrochen. Die stete Bezugnahme auf das Dokumentarische in unterschiedlichen Diskursen der Fotografie zeugt davon. Auch zahlreiche künstlerische Auseinandersetzungen rekurrieren seit den 80er-Jahren verstärkt auf dokumentarische Konzepte und Formate. Ausgehend von diesem Paradoxon, der Dekonstruktion des Dokumentarischen in Theoriekontexten und dem Wiedererstarken dokumentarischer Formate in der Fotografie und Kunst, sucht die vorliegende Arbeit nach den Ursachen einer offenkundig anhaltenden Faszination am Dokumentarischen. Dabei richtet sie den Blick speziell auf künstlerische Fotografien, die Gebrauchsweisen der Fotografie aufgreifen, welche per se mit dem Dokumentarischen affiziert werden, wie die Pressefotografie, die kriminalistische Fotografie und die Amateurfotografie. Sie zeigt, über welche Strategien das Dokumentarische dort produktiv umgesetzt wird. Lässt sich jeder Dokumentarismus erst einmal als Versuch lesen, in der Repräsentation das Reale zu verbildlichen, beziehen sich die vorgestellten künstlerischen Arbeiten von Jeff Wall, Thomas Demand, Sophie Calle und Richard Billingham zwar auf ein Begehren nach dem Realen, machen aber gleichzeitig den Verlust des Realen in ihren Erzählungen von der Wirklichkeit erfahrbar. In ihrer Ambivalenz vermitteln die künstlerischen Arbeiten ein Konzept des Dokumentarischen als mobiles System, das dieses nicht als Kategorie, Genre oder Stil festschreibt, sondern als Handlung begreift, die das permanente Ineinandergreifen von Konstruktion und Dekonstruktion des Dokumentarischen nachvollzieht. Insofern erweisen sich die Kunst und das Dokumentarische als nicht polar, denn über ihre Beziehung zum Realen kristallisiert sich dieses als das gemeinsame Dritte der beiden heraus. / Although the documentary image as authenticated record of a reality beyond the media has, as the object of discourse, long been deconstructed, the fascination with the documentary would appear to be ongoing. The constant references to the documentary in a variety of photography discourses bears witness to this. In addition, countless artistic treatments since the Eighties have referred back to documentary concepts and formats. In the light of this paradox as well as the deconstruction of the documentary in theoretical contexts and the renewed gaining of strength of documentary formats in photography and art, this study investigates the reasons for the evident persistent fascination with the documentary. In the process, artistic photographs in particular are examined which reference conventions in photography that are associated per se with the documentary, such as for example press photography, criminalistic photography, and amateur photography. The strategies by which the documentary is productively implemented are demonstrated here. If every form of documentarism can be read first of all as an attempt to express the real visually in the representation, then the artistic works by Jeff Wall, Thomas Demand, Sophie Calle and Richard Billingham that are presented here may indeed reference a desire for the real, but at the same time they make it possible in their telling of reality to experience the loss of the real. It is through their ambivalence that the artistic works convey a concept of the documentary as a mobile system that does not codify it as a category, genre or style, but rather perceives it as an act that comprehends the documentary''s constant intertwining of construction and deconstruction. As such, it is shown that art and the documentary are not polar, because through their relationship to reality this relationship is shown to crystalize out as the common third party for both.

Ce mémoire de maîtrise porte sur l’animation des images fixes dans le film Me and You and Everyone we Know réalisé en 2005 par Miranda July, et tout particulièrement sur les pratiques artistiques de la protagoniste Christine Jeperson, qui est artiste vidéaste. L’objet de cette étude se fonde sur les matériaux utilisés par l’artiste-protagoniste elle-même, et vise en premier la photographie, puisqu’elle travaille toujours à partir de photos amateur, de clichés, d’images banales, qu’elle tente d’animer par le biais de la vidéo et de leur mise en récit. Ces deux dispositifs d’animation, qui à leur façon redonnent du temps et du mouvement aux images, réalisent un déplacement de valeur en en faisant de l’art et déploient du même coup un espace propre à une certaine expérience esthétique du spectateur, car c’est dans son imaginaire que peut véritablement se produire l’animation de ces images. Ainsi, dans ce mémoire, je tenterai tout à la fois de me concentrer sur ce détail du film que sont les œuvres de Christine, mais en cherchant à les mettre en relation avec d’autres moments du film, avec ce qui semble être les motifs privilégiés de la pratique de Miranda July, de même qu’avec d’autres moments de l’histoire de l’art, afin d’en historiciser la démarche. Ce travail servira donc à éclairer une pratique d’images contemporaine singulière, à la croisée entre photographie, vidéo et film. / This Master’s thesis deals with the animation of still images in Miranda July’s 2005 film, Me and You and Everyone we Know. More specifically, it analyses the artistic practices of Christine Jeperson, a video artist who is the main character of the film. This study focuses on the materials utilized by the artist-protagonist and looks at her particular use of photography: her video works all revolve around amateur photographs, clichés, banal images, that she animates via the remediation of video and "narrativization" ("mise en récit"). These two principles of animation, that give time and motion to the still images she uses, also produce a displacement of value by turning these images into art and, by the same token, open a specific space i.e. the aesthetic experience of the spectator, for it is in his or her imaginary, in the end, that this animation is produced. Thus, in this study, I wish to look at these “details” within the films — the video works of Christine — whilst seeking to show the relations they entertain with other elements of the film, with Miranda July’s body of works, as well as with other moments in art history that relate to this animation apparatus, in order to historicize the practices of Christine / July. This Master’s Thesis wishes to illuminate a specific kind of contemporary visual practice, at the intersection of photography, video and film.

Transparencies: New Zealand from 1953 to 1974 through the Slide Photography of Gladys Cunningham This thesis focuses on the amateur slide photography of Gladys Cunningham, formerly of Onehunga, Auckland. Viewed collectively, these slides provide a visual autobiography of a New Zealand woman’s life, as well as a larger social narrative. As Gladys’s granddaughter, I argue that Gladys’s 35mm colour transparencies, nostalgic fragments that memorialise a family history, are informed by the social history of European New Zealanders between the early 1950s and early 1970s. Gladys’s slides reflect stabilities and changes for the photographer herself, her family and New Zealand society. While the term “transparency” suggests that the meaning of a slide can be understood by all, in reality further contextual information is necessary to appreciate the family and public histories from which these scenes have been separated. To situate Gladys’s slides, I refer to popular magazines and tourist texts from this period, including The Weekly News, National Geographic and New Zealand Holiday, and to commercial slides, postcards and travel marketing texts. I analyse the near absence of Maori within Gladys’s slides and travel journalism, suggesting that their omissions represent a lack of dialogue between Pakeha and Maori. In New Zealand and overseas, slide photography was the popular medium for recording extraordinary family events during the 1950 and 1960s. Through an analysis of memory, leisure and photography, this study examines how Gladys’s photography documents family and community membership and celebration. I explore how aesthetically pleasing representations of family leisure also contain partly concealed clues to less positive memories and to secrets that were not unique to this family. I discuss the impact of private and public transport on Gladys’s slide photography, noting how car travel facilitated spatial and temporal freedoms, and how slide photography strengthened connections to extended family and distant communities. In contrast, Gladys and Jim’s later dependence on coach transport enhanced their ability to take slides and expanded the “family” gaze of their camera, but limited their photographic opportunities.

Transparencies: New Zealand from 1953 to 1974 through the Slide Photography of Gladys Cunningham This thesis focuses on the amateur slide photography of Gladys Cunningham, formerly of Onehunga, Auckland. Viewed collectively, these slides provide a visual autobiography of a New Zealand woman’s life, as well as a larger social narrative. As Gladys’s granddaughter, I argue that Gladys’s 35mm colour transparencies, nostalgic fragments that memorialise a family history, are informed by the social history of European New Zealanders between the early 1950s and early 1970s. Gladys’s slides reflect stabilities and changes for the photographer herself, her family and New Zealand society. While the term “transparency” suggests that the meaning of a slide can be understood by all, in reality further contextual information is necessary to appreciate the family and public histories from which these scenes have been separated. To situate Gladys’s slides, I refer to popular magazines and tourist texts from this period, including The Weekly News, National Geographic and New Zealand Holiday, and to commercial slides, postcards and travel marketing texts. I analyse the near absence of Maori within Gladys’s slides and travel journalism, suggesting that their omissions represent a lack of dialogue between Pakeha and Maori. In New Zealand and overseas, slide photography was the popular medium for recording extraordinary family events during the 1950 and 1960s. Through an analysis of memory, leisure and photography, this study examines how Gladys’s photography documents family and community membership and celebration. I explore how aesthetically pleasing representations of family leisure also contain partly concealed clues to less positive memories and to secrets that were not unique to this family. I discuss the impact of private and public transport on Gladys’s slide photography, noting how car travel facilitated spatial and temporal freedoms, and how slide photography strengthened connections to extended family and distant communities. In contrast, Gladys and Jim’s later dependence on coach transport enhanced their ability to take slides and expanded the “family” gaze of their camera, but limited their photographic opportunities.

Transparencies: New Zealand from 1953 to 1974 through the Slide Photography of Gladys Cunningham This thesis focuses on the amateur slide photography of Gladys Cunningham, formerly of Onehunga, Auckland. Viewed collectively, these slides provide a visual autobiography of a New Zealand woman’s life, as well as a larger social narrative. As Gladys’s granddaughter, I argue that Gladys’s 35mm colour transparencies, nostalgic fragments that memorialise a family history, are informed by the social history of European New Zealanders between the early 1950s and early 1970s. Gladys’s slides reflect stabilities and changes for the photographer herself, her family and New Zealand society. While the term “transparency” suggests that the meaning of a slide can be understood by all, in reality further contextual information is necessary to appreciate the family and public histories from which these scenes have been separated. To situate Gladys’s slides, I refer to popular magazines and tourist texts from this period, including The Weekly News, National Geographic and New Zealand Holiday, and to commercial slides, postcards and travel marketing texts. I analyse the near absence of Maori within Gladys’s slides and travel journalism, suggesting that their omissions represent a lack of dialogue between Pakeha and Maori. In New Zealand and overseas, slide photography was the popular medium for recording extraordinary family events during the 1950 and 1960s. Through an analysis of memory, leisure and photography, this study examines how Gladys’s photography documents family and community membership and celebration. I explore how aesthetically pleasing representations of family leisure also contain partly concealed clues to less positive memories and to secrets that were not unique to this family. I discuss the impact of private and public transport on Gladys’s slide photography, noting how car travel facilitated spatial and temporal freedoms, and how slide photography strengthened connections to extended family and distant communities. In contrast, Gladys and Jim’s later dependence on coach transport enhanced their ability to take slides and expanded the “family” gaze of their camera, but limited their photographic opportunities.

Transparencies: New Zealand from 1953 to 1974 through the Slide Photography of Gladys Cunningham This thesis focuses on the amateur slide photography of Gladys Cunningham, formerly of Onehunga, Auckland. Viewed collectively, these slides provide a visual autobiography of a New Zealand woman’s life, as well as a larger social narrative. As Gladys’s granddaughter, I argue that Gladys’s 35mm colour transparencies, nostalgic fragments that memorialise a family history, are informed by the social history of European New Zealanders between the early 1950s and early 1970s. Gladys’s slides reflect stabilities and changes for the photographer herself, her family and New Zealand society. While the term “transparency” suggests that the meaning of a slide can be understood by all, in reality further contextual information is necessary to appreciate the family and public histories from which these scenes have been separated. To situate Gladys’s slides, I refer to popular magazines and tourist texts from this period, including The Weekly News, National Geographic and New Zealand Holiday, and to commercial slides, postcards and travel marketing texts. I analyse the near absence of Maori within Gladys’s slides and travel journalism, suggesting that their omissions represent a lack of dialogue between Pakeha and Maori. In New Zealand and overseas, slide photography was the popular medium for recording extraordinary family events during the 1950 and 1960s. Through an analysis of memory, leisure and photography, this study examines how Gladys’s photography documents family and community membership and celebration. I explore how aesthetically pleasing representations of family leisure also contain partly concealed clues to less positive memories and to secrets that were not unique to this family. I discuss the impact of private and public transport on Gladys’s slide photography, noting how car travel facilitated spatial and temporal freedoms, and how slide photography strengthened connections to extended family and distant communities. In contrast, Gladys and Jim’s later dependence on coach transport enhanced their ability to take slides and expanded the “family” gaze of their camera, but limited their photographic opportunities.