Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of California, Berkeley, 1962. / "UC-34 Physics" -t.p. "TID-4500 (17th Ed.)" -t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-60).

Thesis--University of California, Berkeley, 1962. / "UC-34 Physics" -t.p. "TID-4500 (18th Ed.)" -t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 52).

Orientador: Fábio Mícolis de Azevedo / Banca: Fernando Henrique Magalhães / Banca: Carlos Marcelo Pastre / Resumo: O estudo da loading rate de alterações biomecânicas em indivíduos com dor femoropatelar (DFP) tem crescido recentemente. Justifica-se o estudo dessa variável pela sua relação com lesões degenerativas articulares de diversas articulações, principalmente do joelho. No entanto, poucos estudos foram realizados para entender a relação da loading rate de parâmetros globais, como a força vertical de reação do solo (FVRS), com a DFP. Além disso, não foram encontrados estudos que tenham investigado a loading rate de parâmetros específicos da articulação do joelho que estão relacionados com a DFP, como o momento abdutor do joelho (MAJ). Portanto, os objetivos gerais dessa dissertação foram investigar a relação da loading rate de parâmetros globais e locais com a DFP. A coleta dos dados biomecânicos foi feita durante os gestos de subida e descida escada, antes e após a aplicação de um protocolo de sobrecarga. Esse protocolo consistiu de 15 subidas e descidas de escada com 35% do peso corporal alocado em uma mochila e com ritmo demarcado por um metrônomo (96 degraus/min). A dor auto-reportada das participantes também foi obtida tanto antes quanto após o protocolo de sobrecarga. Também foi solicitado que as participantes reportassem a dor referente ao mês anterior. No geral, nossos resultados mostraram relação entre a loading rate da FVRS e do MAJ com a DFP. Portanto, intervenções específicas devem ser aplicadas nessa população com o intuito de corrigir essas alteraçõe... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The study of the loading rate of biomechanical alterations in individuals with patellofemoral pain (PFP) has increased recently. One justify the study of this variable because of its relation with articular degenerative injuries, mainly at the knee. However, few studies have been done to understand the relation between the loading rate of the vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) and PFP. In addition, no studies were found in order to investigate the loading rate of specific parameters at the knee joint that are related to the PFP, such as the knee abductor moment (KAM). Therefore, the aims of this dissertation were to investigate the relation between the loading rate of local and global parameters with PFP. Data collection was performed during stair ascent and descent, before and after a loading protocol. The protocol consisted of 15 stair ascent and descent trials with 35% of the body weight allocated in a backpack ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Drosophila courtship song has been studied for over 60 years and remains an area of active research today. Several studies have investigated the physiological mechanisms for fly song production, but no unifying account exists. We review fly song production and integrate published data to a mathematical model of courtship song production. We hypothesize that muscle dynamics underlie fluctuations in the amplitude of courtship song. Our model suggests that these fluctuations can be measured and we introduce the term 'song amplitude structure' (SAS) for those measurements. We predict that SAS signals muscle power and we validate our prediction in muscle mutants of the Drosophila myosin light chain (Dmlc2) gene. We then investigate whether SAS is a communication signal in Drosophila. We show that the two species D. melanogaster and D. simulans differ in their SAS and that both females and males behaviourally discriminate their species SAS from other SAS. This suggests that SAS is a communication signal in Drosophila. Perception of SAS may be affected by noise and we therefore examine the effect of noise on responses to SAS. We find that female auditory responses are not impaired by noise in SAS, however male auditory responses are impaired by noise in SAS. This suggests that males and females may be processing noise in SAS differently. Future work should investigate whether sexually dimorphic auditory neurons respond differently to noise in SAS. We hope that our work will be helpful for investigating fluctuations in amplitude of fly song. We also wish that researchers can use our work for studying the mechanisms underlying both the production of SAS and the perception of SAS.

Orientador: Nathan Jacob Berkovits / Banca: Andrey Yuryevich Mikhaylov / Banca: Diego Trancanelli / Resumo: Neste trabalho revisamos as amplitudes de MHV no contexto da teoria de super-Yang-Mills. Nós estudamos as simetrias das amplitudes de MHV no espaço de twistors como uma motivação para introduzir a teoria de cordas com twistors . A teoria de cordas com twistors feita por Nathan Berkovits [3] é revisada e uma fórmula geral é dada para calcular amplitudes de espalhamento com n gluons. No final, a partir desta fórmula deduzimos a amplitude de MHV / Abstract In this work we review the maximal helicity violating (MHV) scattering amplitude in the context of super-Yang-Mills theory. We study the symmetries of the MHV amplitude in the twistor space as a motivation to introduce the twistor string theory. The twistor string action introduced by Nathan Berkovits [3] is reviewed and also a general formula is given for the scattering amplitude with n gluons. In the end, the MHV amplitude is derived from this formula / Mestre

Submitted by MATHEUS LOSS LIZE (matheuslize@icloud.com) on 2018-06-25T14:57:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis Final.pdf: 1131929 bytes, checksum: a010126b1d56e2526a965d0e67aed302 (MD5) / Rejected by Hellen Sayuri Sato null (hellen@ift.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize correções na submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo: - título e titulo alternativo estão em inglês. Título alternativo, neste caso, deve ser em português. Por favor, utilize maiúscula apenas na palavra inicial do titulo e em caso de siglas ou nomes próprio - Seu nome foi preenchido Loss Lize, Matheus. Loss é o sobrenome do seu pai? A entrada deve ser pelo sobrenome do pai. Acho que no seu caso, o correto seria Lize, Matheus Loss on 2018-06-29T17:55:18Z (GMT) / Submitted by MATHEUS LOSS LIZE (matheuslize@icloud.com) on 2018-06-29T18:23:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Thesis Final.pdf: 1131929 bytes, checksum: a010126b1d56e2526a965d0e67aed302 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Hellen Sayuri Sato null (hellen@ift.unesp.br) on 2018-06-29T18:45:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lize_ml_dr_ift.pdf: 1131929 bytes, checksum: a010126b1d56e2526a965d0e67aed302 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-29T18:45:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lize_ml_dr_ift.pdf: 1131929 bytes, checksum: a010126b1d56e2526a965d0e67aed302 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-23 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Neste trabalho revisamos as amplitudes de MHV no contexto da teoria de super-Yang-Mills. Nós estudamos as simetrias das amplitudes de MHV no espaço de twistors como uma motivação para introduzir a teoria de cordas com twistors . A teoria de cordas com twistors feita por Nathan Berkovits [3] é revisada e uma fórmula geral é dada para calcular amplitudes de espalhamento com n gluons. No final, a partir desta fórmula deduzimos a amplitude de MHV. / In this work we review the maximal helicity violating (MHV) scattering amplitude in the context of super-Yang-Mills theory. We study the symmetries of the MHV amplitude in the twistor space as a motivation to introduce the twistor string theory. The twistor string action introduced by Nathan Berkovits [3] is reviewed and also a general formula is given for the scattering amplitude with n gluons. In the end, the MHV amplitude is derived from this formula. / CNPq: 132620/2015-4.

Eigenmannia virescens is a gymnotiform weakly electric fish which uses a quasi-sinusoidal electric organ discharge (EOD) to sense their environment. EOD frequency (EODF) is individual-specific. In conspecific interactions, each fish perceives the EODF of the conspecific as a periodic amplitude modulation (AM) of their own discharge. When both fish are stationary, the depth of this AM is constant, but it varies when fish are swimming. We hypothesized that AM variations during swimming act as a noise source that could have no effect on, hinder, or enhance EODF identification. To test this, we quantified the jamming avoidance response (JAR) (a natural behaviour wherein fish are required to accurately determine one another’s EODF) in response to stimuli of varying depths of noise. These experiments demonstrated that swimming noise does not impair the ability of E. virescens to identify conspecific EODF, and actually improves its ability to detect the presence of a neighbouring fish.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-06T23:47:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O câncer de mama constitui uma das mais freqüentes neoplasias entre as mulheres no mundo. Atualmente, o diagnóstico precoce e os avanços tecnológicos permitem o tratamento e a sobrevida das pacientes. A retirada total das mamas com excisão de linfonodos axilares é o tratamento mais comumente utilizado em nosso meio, associado à radio e/ou quimioterapia. O linfedema e as alterações posturais e de movimento de membro superior, entre outros sintomas, são achados comuns no pós-operatório destas mulheres, principalmente se realizada a radioterapia em região axilar. A especificidade na detecção destas alterações será útil para estabelecer uma ação preventiva mais eficaz no pré e pósoperatório das pacientes. Objetivos: Avaliar e quantificar as alterações posturais e de amplitudes de movimento de membro superior encontradas em mulheres pós-mastectomia. Métodos: Foram avaliados dois grupos: 1- 16 mulheres pós-mastectomia com linfedema de membro superior (ML); 2- 14 mulheres pós-mastectomia sem linfedema de membro superior (M) . As pacientes foram demarcadas nos pontos ósseos com adesivos circulares e fotografadas para a submissão à avaliação. As avaliações foram feitas através de dois softwares , sendo um para identificar as alterações posturais e outro para medir as amplitudes de movimento de ombro, cotovelo e punho, bilateralmente. Foram emitidos laudos com os valores das medidas realizadas. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados entre lado direito e esquerdo e entre operado e não-operado e foram submetidos a testes estatísticos de Wilcoxon, T pareado, T independente, Mann- Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados: De acordo com os resultados, todas as mulheres após a mastectomia (M e ML) apresentaram uma anteriorização de tronco; as mulheres pertencentes ao grupo ML , ainda mostraram uma rotação de cabeça à direita e protusão de ombro do lado esquerdo. O ângulo de Talhe também foi menor do lado operado nas mulheres ML, o que sugere uma inclinação lateral do tronco ao lado contralateral à operação, insinuando a elevação da escápula do lado operado. Esta elevação foi confirmada pela medida da altura das escápulas, a qual foi maior tanto para o lado operado quanto para o não operado, somente nas mulheres do grupo ML, em comparação com as mulheres do grupo M. As alterações de amplitude de movimento também apareceram como significantes, sendo menores do lado operado a flexão, abdução e rotação externa de ombro para todas as mulheres dos grupos M e ML. Para o grupo ML a extensão de cotovelo e a flexão de punho também apareceram menores no lado afetado, em comparação ao seu contralateral. xvii Conclusões: Mulheres que foram submetidas à mastectomia apresentam assimetrias e alterações de postura e o linfedema agrava estas alterações, embora não exista ligação entre o lado da assimetria e o lado operado. Além disso, estas mulheres também apresentam déficits de amplitude de movimento, principalmente em ombros, do lado operado. Mulheres com linfedema, apresentam ainda déficits em cotovelo e punho. / The breast cancer constitutes one of the most frequent neoplasias among the women in the world. Nowadays, the precocious diagnosis and the technological progresses allow the treatment and the patients' survive. The mastectomy with excision of axillary lymphonodos, associate whith radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy is the treatment more used. The lymphedema, posture’ alterations and complications of upper limb range of motion, among other symptoms, are found common in the postoperative of these women, mainly if accomplished the radiotherapy in axillary area. The specificity in the detection of these alterations will establish an effective preventive action before operations patients and after as well. Objective: Evaluate and to quantify the posture’ alterations and deficit of upper limb range of motion in women after mastectomy. Methods: The patients were divided in two groups for evaluation: 1 - 16 women after mastectomy with lymphedema of upper limb (ML); 2 - 14 women after mastectomy without lymphedema of upper limb (M). The patients were demarcated in the bones points with circular stickers and photographed. For the evaluation, two softwares were used, one to identify the posture’ alterations and other to measure the breadth of movement shoulder, elbow and fist, bilaterally. Reports were issued with the measures values. The results obtained were compared to right with left side and operated with no-operated side and it were submitted to statistical tests: Wilcoxon, T pareado, T independent, Mann – Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis. Results: In agreement with the results, all of the women after the mastectomy (M and ML) presented a trunk forward position; women belonging to the group ML, still showed a rotation of head to the right and shoulder protusion of the left side. The angle of Talhe was also smaller on the side operated in the women ML, what suggests a lateral inclination of the trunk to the opposite side to the operation, insinuating the elevation of the scapula on the operated side. This elevation was confirmed by the measure of the height of the scapulas, which was higher in both cases: operated and no operated side, just in women of the group ML, compared with women of the group M. The changes in range of motion also appeared as being significant: lower in the operated side in flexion, abduction and external rotation of shoulder for all women of groups M and ML. In the group ML the elbow extension and the fist flexing also appeared smaller on the affected side, compared with opposite side. xix Conclusions: Women that were submitted to the mastectomy present asymmetries and posture’ alterations and the lymphedema worsens these alterations, although there is no connection between the asymmetry side and the operated one. Moreover, these women also present deficits of range motion in shoulders, in the operated side. Women with lymphedema still presented deficits in elbow and fist. / FAPESP: 06/52369-4 / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

An extensive research program was performed to investigate the load interaction effect of the combined action of small amplitude high R ratio cycles and large amplitude low R ratio underloads on the crack growth of large cracks. The study was driven by the needs of the damage tolerance approach in the helicopter structures, which requires robust knowledge on the crack growth behaviour of the advance high strength alloys under the characteristic helicopter spectra loading. The study was conducted on three metallic alloys, Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al, Al8090 T852 and Al7010 T76351 using compact tension specimens (w=70mm, t=17mm). The potential drop technique was used for the measurements of the crack length. The crack opening loads were determined from the applied load versus crack opening mouth displacement curve using a curve fitting technique and crack opening displacement gauge. The experimental results show that cracks can grow faster than the life predictions with no load interaction effects under spectra containing tensile underloads. The acceleration effects are different depending on the number of the small cycles, the Kmax, the R ratio of the small cycles, the underload cycle and the material. Significant closure observations on the underloads and on the small cycles of variable amplitude loading spectra were made. Based on the test finding and on the studies of other researchers, it is suggested that the acceleration effects are mainly due to the reduction of crack opening point of the tensile underloads comparing with the Constant Amplitude Loading (CAL) data. An extensive evaluation of the ability of FASTRAN model to predict the fatigue lives under the tested loading spectra was carried out. The evaluation focuses on the influence of the constraint factor a and the ∆Keff curve inputs on the predictions. The model produces very good and consistent predictions for the three alloys, when the inputs represent adequately the actual fatigue mechanism. The model predicts the measured acceleration effects by reducing the closure level of the underloads.